과학기술 혁신제품 활용과 개인정보보호의 딜레마, 국민은 어떠한 수준의 규제를 원하는가?

유정민(柳廷旻) 한국공공관리학회 2021 한국공공관리학보 Vol.35 No.1

국가는 과학기술의 혁신역량을 고취하는 동시에 국민의 안전을 보호해야 한다는 점에서 딜레마 상황에 처해 있다. 그리고 이러한 상황은 이 시대를 살아가는 개인에게도 적용된다. 혁신제품의 편의성과 개인정보의 안전성에서 어느 정도 상쇄효과(trade-off)를 경험하기 때문이다. 즉, 혁신제품의 편의성을 누리고 싶은 욕구와 개인정보를 보호받고 싶은 욕구가 공존한다는 점에서 개인도 딜레마를 안고 있다. 그렇다면 이런 상황 속에서 국민은 어떠한 수준의 규제를 원하는가? 혁신제품을 활용하는 정도에 따라 그 경향성은 어떻게 달라지는가? 본 연구에서는 이러한 질문에 답하기 위하여 국가인권위원회의 설문데이터 944명의 응답을 분석하였다. 구체적으로 혁신제품의 개발 및 발전을 위하여 규제를 완화하는 것에 찬성하는 정도를 종속변수로 설정하고 순서형 로짓분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 혁신제품을 많이 활용할수록 규제 완화에 반대하였으며, 정보인권 인지도와 데이터 활용기관을 신뢰하는 정도에 의하여 이러한 경향이 조절되는 것이 확인되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 국민이 규제 완화로 인한 개인정보 유출을 두려워하지 않도록 하기 위해서는 정보인권에 대하여 정확히 인지하도록 하는 것과 데이터 활용 주체에 대한 신뢰도 향상이 동반되어야 함을 시사한다.

Characterization of Novel Amylase-Sensitive, Anti-Listerial Class IId Bacteriocin, Agilicin C7 Produced by Ligilactobacillus agilis C7

유정민,송지훈,Robie Vasquez,황인찬,이재승,강대경 한국축산식품학회 2023 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Among various biological agents, bacteriocins are important candidates to control Listeria monocytogenes which is a foodborne pathogen. In this study, a novel bacteriocin, named agilicin C7, was isolated from Ligilactobacillus agilis C7 showing inhibitory activity against L. monocytogenes. Agilicin C7 biosynthesis gene was characterized by bioinformatics analyses and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli for further study. The anti-listeria activity of recombinant agilicin C7 (r-agilicin C7) was lost by proteases and α-amylase, suggesting that agilicin C7 is a glycoprotein. r- Agilicin C7 has wide pH and thermal stability and is also stable in various organic solvents. It destroyed L. monocytogenes by damaging the integrity of the cell envelope. These properties of r-agilicin C7 indicate that agilicin C7 is a novel amylase-sensitive anti-listerial Class IId bacteriocin. Physicochemical stability and inhibitory activity against L. monocytogenes of r-agilicin C7 suggest that it can be applied to control L. monocytogenes in the food industry, including dairy and meat products.

Sequential administration of camptothecin sensitizes human colon cancer HCT116 cells to paclitaxel via p21^(Cip1/WAF1)

유정민,김윤진,이성재,김상훈 한국통합생물학회 2011 Animal cells and systems Vol.15 No.1

Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in Western countries. Chemotherapeutic agents with different mechanisms of action have shown an increase in cure rates. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a combination of low concentration of paclitaxel (taxol, 5 nM) and topoisomerase 1 inhibitor camptothecin (CPT) on HCT116 colon cancer cells. Although the viability of cells treated with taxol alone was similar to that of control cells, sequential treatment with taxol and CPT exhibited high cytotoxicity. However, the opposite sequence of treatment did not exert cytotoxic effects on HCT116 cells. This enhanced cytotoxicity of the sequential combination therapy was the result of mitotic arrest, which increased the level of p21^(Cip1/WAF1) through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Knockdown by p21^(Cip1/WAF1) siRNA or treatment with a p38 inhibitor reduced the viability of cells sequentially exposed to taxol and CPT. Taken together, a low taxol concentration in combination with CPT induced mitotic arrest in HCT116 cells, leading to synergistic cell death through enhanced expression of p21^(Cip1/WAF1) and p38 MAPK pathway. Therefore, taxol could play a role as a sensitizer of CPT in colon cancer cells.

기후위기 대응 서울시 ‘그린 뉴딜’ 정책 방향과 추진 전략

유정민(Jung-Min Yu),김고운(KoUn Kim),윤서연(Seoyeon Yoon),주재욱(Jaeuk Ju),김정아(Jeong-Ah Kim),함수한(Suhan Ham) 서울연구원 2021 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

통상임금 고정성 도그마(dogma)의 종언(終焉)

유정민 ( Ryu Jung Min ) 연세대학교 법학연구원 2024 연세법현논총 Vol.3 No.1

이 연구는 2013년 대법원 전원합의체 판결이 제시한 통상임금의 ‘고정성’ 요건이 갖고 있는 모순을 논리분석을 통해 명료하게 부각시키고, 최근 항소심 판례 2건을 통해 고정성을 비판적으로 검토하여 새로운 해석 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 먼저 전원합의체 판결에서 “재직조건이 있으면, 소정근로의 대가가 아닐 것”이라는 언명을 논리적으로 분석하여 재직조건이라는 형식요건과 소정근로대가(임금성)라는 실질요건이 상호대립·모순관계에 있음을 명료하게 부각시킨 후, 이렇게 두 가지의 개념이 서로 대립·충돌하는 경우에는, 법 해석론의 기본원칙에 따라 법적 가치에서 우위에 있는 ‘소정근로대가(임금성)’ 여부를 우선적으로 그 실질에 따라 판단하여야 하고, 소정근로 대가성이 인정되는 경우에는 이에 부가된 재직자 지급조건은 노동법의 대원칙인 유임금 유노동 원칙에 따라 무효라고 선언하여야 할 것이다. 대법원이 과거에 고정성이라는 형식적 표지를 절대화하여, 재직조건이 있으면 무조건 통상임금이 아니라는 결론이 도출될 수 밖에 없는 고정성 도그마(dogma) 내지는 순환논증(circular reasoning)에 빠져있었다고 평가할 수 있고, 이러한 고정성 도그마(dogma)로 인하여 근로기준법의 강행규범성이 형해화되고, 편법행위를 시정할 법원의 역할이 몰각되었다고 주장한다. 고정성 요건의 변화 필요성과 관련하여 주목할 판결로 서울고법 2020. 12. 2. 선고 2016나2032917 판결을 들 수 있다. 이 판결은 그동안 학계에서 이뤄진 ‘고정성’에 대한 다양한 비판을 적절하게 수용한 것으로 평가되는데, 필자는 이 판결이 들고 있는 이유에 대하여는 그 근거를 보완하는 보충설명을 다음과 같이 추가하였다: 명절상여금은 정확히 상반기, 하반기 근로기간에 대응되지 않더라도, 연간 소정근로시에 연간 200%를 수령한다는 합의와 같이 연간 근로에 대응되는 것으로 보는 것으로도 소정근로대가로 인정될 수 있다. 이는 평균임금 산정시 과거 12개월간 3회의 명절상여금 지급이 있었더라도, ‘재직일 재직’에 따른 ‘현실수령 3회’가 더 중요한 사실이라고 주장하여 3회의 명절상여금을 평균임금계산에 포함시키지 않으며, 당사자간 연간 2회 지급의 합의를 존중하여 해석하는 것과 궤를 같이 한다. 퇴직 외에 휴직, 정직 등 특수한 경우를 상정하더라도, 휴직의 대다수인 육아휴직은 법에 의하여 ‘사업주는 육아휴직을 이유로 불리한 처우를 해서는 아니되는데’ 정기상여금에 부가된 재직 조건 때문에 육아휴직자가 이미 제공한 근로에 상응한 임금을 지급받지 못한다면 이 법률에 위배된다. 재직조건부 정기상여금은 단체협약, 취업규칙, 지급관행에 의하여 사업주에게 지급의무가 지워져 있고, 이러한 사업주와 근로자간의 합의내용은 연간 소정근로를 제공하면, (예를 들어) 연간 600%의 정기상여금과 연간 200%의 명절상여금을 지급받는다는 합의로서, 그 금원의 규모나 당사자간의 합의를 감안하면 이러한 금원이 근로의 대가가 아니라고 주장할 근거는 군색하고, 그렇다면 소정근로의대가성이 인정되는 이러한 금원은 연간 소정근로의 제공이 있는 통상의 경우에는 당연히 지급받을 것이 예상되므로, 이에 대하여 ‘퇴직’이라는 개별적이고 특수한 상황을 예정하여 ‘소정근로의 대가성’을 부인하고 통상임금이 아니라고 하는것은, 과거에 판례가 요구한 ‘고정성’이 ‘재직조건부 정기상여금이 왜 통상임금이 아닌가·’라는 질문에 실질을 조사하지 않고 ‘재직조건이 있으니까’라고 질문에 질문으로 대답하는 고정성 도그마(dogma) 내지 순환논증(circular reasoning)에 빠져 있었기 때문이다. 결론적으로 통상임금 법리는 과거의 고정성 도그마(dogma)를 폐기하여야 하고, 통상임금의 법적 근거와 기능을 고려할 때 “사전확정가능성”으로 재정립되는 것이 필요하다. “앞으로 소정근로를 제공하면 받게 될 현재 시점에서 확정할 수 있는 임금”이면 고정성 요건이 충족된 것으로 보아야 하며, 지급의무가 있고 사전에 금액이 고정된 경우에는 미국이나 일본의 경우에도 통상임금으로 인정되고, 지급시기를 1개월을 초과하게 하는 등으로 이러한 취지를 잠탈하려는 시도에 대하여는 그 실질을 심사하여 실질에 맞게 통상임금에 포함시켜 근로자를 보호하는 것이 노동당국과 법원의 입장이 되어야 한다. 이제 법원은 ‘고정성’이라는 도그마(dogma)에서 벗어나 탈법행위를 규제하려는 근로기준법의 근본취지에 맞게, 노동분쟁의 최종 판단기관으로서 법원의 실질적 심판기능을 회복하고, 근로의 대가로서의 실질에 중점을 두고 심사하는 방향으로 나아가야 한다. 이러한 법리적 전환은 주 52시간제 정착과 맞물려, 생산성향상을 통한 적정 근로시간 보장이라는 시대적 과제 해결에도 도움이 될 것이고, 근로기준법의 규범성 회복을 위해서도 반드시 필요하다. This study clearly highlights through logical analysis the contradictions in the ‘fixity’ requirement for ordinary wage proposed by the Supreme Court's en banc decision in 2013, critically reviews the fixity requirement analysing two recent appellate court cases, and suggests a new suggests a new interpretative direction. The study first logically analyzes the Court's pronouncement that “if there is a working-on-date payment condition, it cannot be considered compensation for work,” highlighting how this formal requirement of working-on-date condition conflicts with the substantive requirement of wages as compensation for work. When such concepts are in conflict, basic principles of legal interpretation dictate that the legally superior value - whether something constitutes ‘compensation for work’ - should be evaluated first, based on its substance. If it is determined to be compensation for work, any attached working-on-date condition should be declared void under the fundamental labor law's principle of “no work, no pay.” The Supreme Court's past absolutization of fixity as a formal indicator, leading to automatic exclusion from ordinary wage whenever a working-on-date condition exists, can be evaluated as falling into a “fixity dogma” or “circular reasoning.” This dogma has effectively nullified the mandatory nature of the Labor Standards Act and abdicated the court's role in correcting illegal practices. A notable ruling marking a shift in perspective on the fixity requirement is the Seoul High Court Decision 2016Na2032917 (December 2, 2020). This ruling appropriately incorporated various academic criticisms of ‘fixity.’ The court's reasoning is supplemented as follows: Holiday bonuses can be recognized as compensation for work when viewed as corresponding to annual work, such as receiving 200% annually for annual work, even if not exactly matching first/second half work periods. This aligns with respecting parties' agreement for biannual payments in calculating average wage, rather than emphasizing actual receipt dates in case of three times of holiday bonus within a year. Regular bonuses with working-on-date conditions are payment obligations established through labor agreements, work rules, or payment practices. Given their scale and the nature of the agreement between employers and workers (e.g., 600% annual regular bonus plus 200% holiday bonus for annual work), there is little basis to argue these are not compensation for work. As such compensation is normally expected for annual work, denying ordinary wage status based on exceptional situations like ‘resignation’ reflects being trapped in a “fixity dogma” or “circular reasoning” that answers questions with questions rather than examining substance. In conclusion, ordinary wage jurisprudence must abandon the past fixity dogma and be reestablished as “prior determinability” considering legal basis and function of ordinary wage in labor law. The fixity requirement should be satisfied if “the compensation is determinable at present for future work.” As in the U.S. and Japan, fixed amounts with payment obligations should be recognized as ordinary wage in interpreting labor law, and attempts to circumvent this through extended payment periods should be examined for substance to protect workers' rights. The courts must now break free from the ‘fixity’ dogma and move toward evaluating the substantive nature of compensation for work in ordinary wage suit, in line with the Labor Standards Act's fundamental purpose of regulating illegal practices and restoring the courts' substantive adjudicatory function as the final arbiter of labor disputes. This doctrinal shift is essential not only for restoring the normative force of the Labor Standards Act but will also help address contemporary challenges such as ensuring appropriate working hours through productivity improvements, particularly as it aligns with the establishment of the 52-hour workweek system.

조현병 환자에서 와해된 언어의 증상학적 개념화

유정민,김보미,이경민,장은영,이강욱,최준호,박선철 대한조현병학회 2015 대한조현병학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Objectives : Our study aimed to present the distinctive correlates of disorganized speech in patients with schizophrenia, using theScale for the Assessment of Thought, Language and Communication (TLC scale). Methods : We compared the formal thought and other clinical characteristics between schizophrenia inpatients with (n=82) andwithout (n=80) disorganized speech. Psychometric scales including the TLC scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), YoungMania Rating Scale (YMRS), Calgery Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and Word Fluency Test (WFT) were used. Thepresence or absence of disorganized speech was established using transformed dummy variable of score on the Clinician-RatedDimension of Psychosis Symptom Severity (CRDPSS). Results : After adjusting the effects of age, sex and total scores on the BPRS, YMRS and WFT, the subjects with disorganizedspeech presented significantly higher score on the poverty of contents of speech (p=0.001), distractible speech (p<0.0001), tangentiality(p<0.0001), derailment (p<0.0001), incoherence (p<0.0001), ilogicality (p<0.0001), word approximations(p=0.003), loss of goal (p<0.0001), blocking (p=0.006) and self-reference (p=0.002) items than those without disorganizedspeech. With defining the mentioned item scores as covariates, binary logistic regression model predicted that derailment (p=0.0001)and poverty of contents of speech (p<0.0001) were significant independent-correlates of disorganized speech in patients withschizophrenia. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that derailment and poverty of contents of speech are significant correlates of disorganizedspeech in patients with schizophrenia. Our findings might be used to evaluate disorganized speech in patients with schizophreniaefficiently.

탄성파 탐사자료와 전자탐사자료를 이용한 저류층 물성 동시복합역산

유정민,변중무,설순지,Yu, Jeongmin,Byun, Joongmoo,Seol, Soon Jee 한국지구물리·물리탐사학회 2018 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.21 No.1

Seismic inversion is a high-resolution tool to delineate the subsurface structures which may contain oil or gas. On the other hand, marine controlled-source electromagnetic (mCSEM) inversion can be a direct tool to indicate hydrocarbon. Thus, the joint inversion using both EM and seismic data together not only reduces the uncertainties but also takes advantage of both data simultaneously. In this paper, we have developed a simultaneous joint inversion approach for the direct estimation of reservoir petrophysical parameters, by linking electromagnetic and seismic data through rock physics model. A cross-gradient constraint is used to enhance the resolution of the inversion image and the maximum likelihood principle is applied to the relative weighting factor which controls the balance between two disparate data. By applying the developed algorithm to the synthetic model simulating the simplified gas field, we could confirm that the high-resolution images of petrophysical parameters can be obtained. However, from the other test using the synthetic model simulating an anticline reservoir, we noticed that the joint inversion produced different images depending on the model constraint used. Therefore, we modified the algorithm which has different model weighting matrix depending on the type of model parameters. Smoothness constraint and Marquardt-Levenberg constraint were applied to the water-saturation and porosity, respectively. When the improved algorithm is applied to the anticline model again, reliable porosity and water-saturation of reservoir were obtained. The inversion results indicate that the developed joint inversion algorithm can be contributed to the calculation of the accurate oil and gas reserves directly.

국내 교육 ODA의 연구 동향: UN의 국제개발목표 변화를 중심으로

유정민 ( Ryu¸ Jeongmin ),조태준 ( Cho¸ Taejun ) 한국인력개발학회 2020 HRD연구 Vol.22 No.4

This study attempted to identify the research trends of educational Official Development Assistance (ODA) in Korea. Moreover this study attempted to verify whether educational ODA in Korea was coping with United Nations’Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals (MDG/SDG). This study could be distinguished with other researches, because it included not only abstracts and key words, but also conclusions and implications of educational ODA researches for text networking analysis. The results of the study are as followed. First, the most frequently appeared words for the overall research trends were training & development, project, program, evaluation, effect, and trainees, which could be referred that many Korean education ODA researches were related with HRD topics. Second, in MDGs period, the researches were mainly focused on basic and primary education projects on specific countries, whereas in SDGs period, mostly on vocational and competency education. Third, even though women’s rights is important issue in SDGs, there was few studies related to this issue. Since educational ODA can be the most influencial factors for improving women’s right, it needs to be encouraged to research more. Lastly, most studies were mostly focused on results of educational ODA projects, so it needs to be expanding the research area to project design and operational processes.

하수처리장 수질 모니터링을 위한 최근 측정기술의 동향과 향후과제 : 하수처리장 수질 모니터링에 대한 종합적 고찰

유정민,장미선,우달식 융복합지식학회 2019 융복합지식학회논문지 Vol.7 No.4

As interest in the water environment preservation increases, many researchers have studied to prevent and reduce environmental contaminations. It was studied to detect and measure for the contaminants spilled into the environment in order to respond effectively. A lot of instruments are developed to monitor the environment in real time and to respond quickly when abnormality is detected. Monitoring technology which is observing and recording target materials has grown with the development of sensor technology. Water quality monitoring has developed rapidly over the past decade with new technology. Water quality measuring sensors currently installed in sewage treatment plants have low measuring accuracy and can not be used for a long time due to contaminants such as microorganisms and suspended substances in the bioreactor. In this paper, we describe the technical principle of commercialized measuring sensors and analyzers that can measure qualities of water and wastewater. we explain the target materials which is measured by each sensors and analyzers. We also devised and reviewed various sensor cleaning or protection systems to develop an automatic measuring device exclusively for sewage treatment plants by applying the anti-fog adhesion system to the water quality sensor 급격한 도시화·산업화로 인하여 수환경에 유입되는 오염물질의 종류와 양이 증가하고, 수환경 보전에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 수질오염의 발생을 줄이고 제거하는 연구들과 함께 수환경에 오염물질들이 유출되었을 때 이를 감지하고 측정하여 효과적으로 대응하는 방안에 대한 연구들 또한 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이에 따라 실시간으로 환경을 모니터링하고 이상 징후 감지 시 빠르게 대응을 할 수있도록 하는 여러 종류의 장치들이 개발되고 있다. 센서 기술의 발달과 함께 모니터링 기술이 성장하였으며, 수질 분야에서도 지난 십여 년간 많은 기술개발로 수질 모니터링이 빠른 발전을 이루었다. 현재 하수처리장에 설치되어 있는 수질 측정센서들은 생물반응조내 미생물, 부유물질 등의 협잡물로 인해 측정 정확도가 낮고 장기간 사용하지 못하는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 하폐수의 수질을 측정할 수 있는 상용화된 측정 센서 및 분석 장비의 기술 및 원리를 알아보고 각각의 측정 대상 수질항목에 대하여 조사 및 분석을 하였다. 수질 측정센서에 협잡물 부착방지 시스템을 적용하여 하수처리장 전용 자동측정장치를 개발하고자 다양한 세척 또는 센서보호 시스템을 고안하여 검토하였다

부유선별법에 의한 폐수 함유 입자성 유기 물질 처리에 대한 기초 연구

유정민 ( Jung Min Yoo ),김동수 ( Dong Su Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2013 한국물환경학회지 Vol.29 No.5

Basic studies for the treatment of particulate organic substances contained in wastewater by flotation have been conducted. Four kinds of plastics were chosen as the possibly existing organic particles in wastewater and the Zisman plots for these substances were constructed by measuring the contact angle of liquids on their surfaces. The critical surface tensions for these organic substances were estimated based on the constructed Zisman plot and the floatability of organic substances were regarded to be related with their molecular structure. The existence of dissolved organic substances such as a surfactant was observed to affect the extent of flotation of particulate organics. In addition, the consideration of work of adhesion was thought to be better than adopting the critical surface tension as the analytical basis in the operational design of flotation process of organic particles.