TiO₂ 광전극 두께와 두 기판 간격에 따른 DSSC의 효율 특성

박한석,권성열,양욱,Park, Han-Seok,Kwon, Sung-Yeol,Yang, Wook 한국전기전자재료학회 2012 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.25 No.7

DSSCs efficiency by thickness of $TiO_2$ photoelectrode and thickness differences between two substrates studied. DSSCs is made of the doctor blade method and photoelectrode annealing temperature elevated in a different ways. In addition, cells efficiencies of according to the different thickness between $TiO_2$ photoelectrode substrate and Pt counter electrode was measured. Efficiency of DSSCs made with $TiO_2$ photoelectrode of 18 ${\mu}m$ thickness and the gap difference between the substrate 28 ${\mu}m$ shows a highest 4.805% efficiency.

복식전자궁적출술에서 술전 저용량 국소마취제와 Morphine을 이용한 경막외차단이 술후통증, 혈장 Cortisol, 혈당에 미치는 영향

박한석,이승철,차문석,Park, Han-Suk,Lee, Sung-Chul,Cha, Moon-Seok 대한통증학회 1999 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.12 No.1

Background: Preoperative blocking of surgical nociceptive inputs may prevent sensitization of central nervous system (CNS) and reduce postoperative pain. The stress responses to surgical trauma consist of increase in catabolic hormones and decrease in anabolic hormones. We studied whether preoperative low dose epidural bupivacaine and morphine could affect postoperative pain, changes plasma cortisol, and serum glucose. Methods: Thirty patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy were randomly assigned to one of three groups. General anesthesia was induced in all patients and after that, epidural blocks were done except the control group (n=10) patients. Preoperative block group (n=10) received 0.5% bupivacaine 50 mg and morphine 2 mg epidurally as a bolus before operation and followed by 0.1% bupivacaine $5\;mghr^{-1}$ and morphine $0.2\;mghr^{-1}$ for 10 hours. Postoperative block group (n=10) received the same doses of bupivacaine and morphine under the same method postoperatively. Postoperative pain relief was provided with i.v. fentanyl through Patient-Controlled-Analgesia Pump. Postoperative pain by visual analogue scores (VAS), analgesic requirement (first requirement time, total amounts used), side effects, plasma cortisol level and serum glucose level were compared. Results: Until postoperative 6 hrs, VAS of control group was higher than those of the epidural groups. No difference was observed in VAS between the two epidural groups. First analgesics requirement time and total amounts of used analgesics were not different between the two epidural groups, but first analgesic requirement time of preoperative block group was significantly prolonged compared with control group. Plasma cortisol and serum glucose levels were not different among groups. Conclusions: Low dose preoperative epidural bupivacaine and morphine could not reduce postoperative pain, plasma cortisol level and serum glucose level compared with postoperative block group.

정상안압녹내장에서 브린졸라미드 1%와 티몰롤 0.5% 혼합제제의 효과

박한석,최철영,배정훈,김준모,Han Seok Park,Chul Young Choi,Jeong Hun Bae,Joon Mo Kim 대한안과학회 2014 대한안과학회지 Vol.55 No.7

<b>Purpose:</b> We conducted a study to evaluate the effects of brinzolamide/timolol fixed combination (BTFC) in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) patients. <b>Methods:</b> We reviewed the records of 33 normal-tension glaucoma patients treated with BTFC in the unilateral eye. We measured intraocular pressure (IOP) every 2 and 1/2 hours between 09:00 am and 04:30 pm. After using BTFC at 8:00 am and 8:00 pm for 6 months, we measured the IOP at the same time period. We analyzed and compared the IOP of eyes treated with BTFC and contralateral eyes. <b>Results:</b> The mean reduction in IOP was -2.85 ± 1.43 mm Hg (-18.36 ± 8.58%) in the eyes treated with BTFC and -2.21 ± 1.73 mm Hg (-13.90 ± 10.66%) in the contralateral eyes. The IOP lowering effect was greater in the eyes treated with BTFC than in the contralateral eyes. After 6 months of BTFC instillation, the changes in IOP measurements were the lowest at 11:30 am and increased at each time point afterwards. The greatest reduction in IOP was observed at 1 month; however, significant IOP reduction was observed at 3 and 6 months in both BTFC and contralateral eyes. There was no serious adverse event causing ocular damage. <b>Conclusions:</b> BTFC provided a significant IOP reduction in both BTFC and contralateral eyes in NTG patients. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(7):1056-1063

Oxaliplatin에 의한 안독성의 1예

박한석,김양재,송수정,배정훈,Han Seok Park,MD,Yang Jae Kim,MD,Su Jeong Song,MD,Jeong Hun Bae,MD 대한안과학회 2014 대한안과학회지 Vol.55 No.1

Purpose: To report a case of oxaliplatin (Eloxatin<sup>®)-related ocular toxicity in a patient with advanced stomach cancer. Case summary: A 43-year-old female with advanced stomach cancer experienced visual symptoms during the treatment with oxaliplatin on a XELOX schedule (a combination of oxaliplatin and capecitabine). After 1 cycle of chemotherapy, she complained of blurred vision and visual field defects in both eyes. Visual field tests showed a bilateral concentric field defect and the electroretinogram revealed a marked reduction of responses in both eyes. On the second cycle of chemotherapy, oxaliplatin was discontinued due to suspicious ocular toxicity. Her visual symptoms improved and visual field test showed normal results 1 month after oxaliplatin discontinuation. However, 3 months after oxaliplatin discontinuation, electroretinogram remained abnormal despite the progressive improvement. Conclusions: Platinum-based antineoplastic agents such as oxaliplatin should be administered with caution because oxaliplatin can cause damage to the retinal photoreceptors and the optic nerve. Early detection of ocular toxicity and discontinuation of oxaliplatin therapy could prevent severe and irreversible visual loss. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(1):143-148

영업손실 보상에 있어서 산정기준의 개선에 관한 고찰

박한석 ( Han Seok Park ) 한국손해사정학회 2015 손해사정연구 Vol.11 No.-

본 연구는 각종 사고 등으로 인해 대체로 수반되는 손해 중 하나인 영업손실보상에 있어서 그 산정기준을 현실화하는 데 중점을 두었다. 현재 사용하고 있는 영업손실 보상 산정기준은 실제의 손실을 거의 대부분 반영하지 못하고 있다. 그 이유로서 가장 큰 부분은 영업손실 보상 산정기간을 물적피해 복구기간으로 한정한다는 데 있으며, 다음으로 영업현황 자료 등이 있지 아니하거나 충분하지 아니하여 손해액 산정 자료로 활용하기 어렵다는 문제와 영업손실을 산정하는 방법상의 문제가 있다. 따라서 현재 사용하고 있는 자동차사고 시 영업손실 보상, 토지 수용 시 영업손실 보상, 기업휴지보험의 영업손실 보상 등 각각의 경우에 있어서 영업손실 보상 산정기준의 문제점을 살펴보고, 보완점을 마련하여, 모든 사고에 있어서 적용할 수 있는 영업손실 보상 산정기준 개선안을 제시해보고자 한다. 오늘날에는 소규모 영세 사업체라 하더라도 신용카드 등에 의한 매출액의 비율이 상당히 높아 영업손실 보상 산정기준이 합리적으로 개선된다면 많은 분쟁을 사전에 방지하는 효과를 거둘 수 있을 것이라 기대한다.

내구성을 고려한 하부 컨트롤 암의 구조설계

박한석(Han-Seok Park),김종규(Jong-Kyu Kim),서선민(Sun-Min Seo),이권희(Kwon-Hee Lee),박영철(Young-Chul Park) 한국기계가공학회 2009 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.8 No.4

Recently developed automotive components are getting lighter providing a higher fuel efficiency and performance. Following the current trend, this study proposes a structural optimization method for the lower control arm installed at the front side of a Vehicle. Lightweight design of lower control arm can be achieved through design and material technology. In this research, the shape of lower control arm was determined by applying the optimization technology and aluminum was selected as a steel-substitute material. Strength performance is the most important design requirement in the structural design of a control arm. This study considers the static strength in the optimization process. For the optimum design, the durability analysis is performed to predict its fatigne life. In this study, the kriging interpolation method is adopted to obtain the minimum weight satisfying the strength constraint. Optimum designs are obtained by the in-house program, EXCEL-Kriging. Also, based on the optimum model obtained for the static strength, the optimization of Index of Fatigue Durability is carried out to get th optimum fatigne performance.

상부위장관 내시경시 수면유도법으로 사용된 Propofol + Fentanyl 과 Midazolam 의 비교연구

박한석(Han Suk Park),한상영(Sang Young Han),오일환(Il Hwan Oh),최대현(Dae Hyun Choi),노명환(Myung Hwan Roh),최석렬(Seok Ryeol Choi),신우원(Woo Won Shin),김봉관(Bong Kwan Kim),이종훈(Jong Hun Lee) 대한소화기학회 2001 대한소화기학회지 Vol.38 No.2

Background/Aims: Midazolam is generally used for sedation during gastroscopy, while propofol is usually used for outpatients’ day surgery anesthesia. We compared propofol plus fentanyl with midazolam for sedation during gastroscopy. Methods: One hundred and fifty three patients who had requested sedation during diagnostic gastroscopy were randomly divided into two groups. One group (n=98) received an initial bolus dose of propofol (40 mg) plus fentanyl (50 μg) intravenously, followed by additional doses of propofol (10 mg) at one minute interval (PF group) until achieving sedation. The other group (n=55) received an initial bolus dose of midazolam (3 mg) intravenously, followed by additional doses of midazolam (1 mg) at two minutes interval (M group). Results: Sedation was achieved faster in PF group than in M group. Time to regiain orientation and recover warking was also shorter in PF group than in M group. Gag reflex and procedure difficulty were less in PF group than in M group. Incidences of complications were not different between the two groups. Degree and frequency of oxygen desaturation were higher in PF group than in M group. Conclusions: Propofol plus fentanyl seems to be more acceptable and suitable than midazolam for sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopic examination. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2001;38:98-105)

Characterization of the Multinucleated Giant Cell Glycoconjugates in the Tubercle of Human Pulmonary Tuberculosis

박한석(Han Seok PARK),진영준(Young Joan JIN),고서영(Sea Young KO),유영현(Young Hyun YOO),윤식(Sik YOON) 대한체질인류학회 1997 대한체질인류학회지 Vol.10 No.2

뭇핵거대세포는 뼈를 포함한 정상적인 조직 뿐만 아니라 종양을 포함한 여러 병적 상태에서도 나타난다. 특히 뭇핵거대세포는 결핵과 같은 육아종성 칭환의 가장 특정적인 세포호서 중요한 의의를 지닌다. 따라서 계결핵 경정 에서 뭇핵거대세포에 존재하는 복합당질의 분포양상 및 특징을 구영하고자 렉틴 조직화학적 염색방법을 이용하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. ant핵거대세포 세포정의 렉틴 결함양상을 다음과 같이 3가지로 나눌 수 있었다. 첫째, VVL, LCA 및 SBA는 대부분의 뭇핵거대세포에 강하게 반응하였다. 둘째 BS-I, DBA, WGA, PNA, ECL, PHA-L 및 PHA-E 는 많은 뭇핵거대세포 세포질에서 양성반응을 나타내었지만 반응양성이 일정하지 않았다. 셋째, BS-I-B4 및 UEA-I는 매우 약한 양성반응 혹은 음성반응을 냐타내었다. 뭇핵거대세포 세포악에서는 렉헌 결함양상을 다음과 같이 2가지로 나눌 수 있었다. 첫째, WGA, ECL, PHA-L 및 PHA-E는 강한 양성반응을 나타내었다. 둘째, BS-I, BS-I-B₄DBA, VVL, LCA, PNA, SBA 및 UEA-I는 음생반응을 나타내었다.

증례보고 : 삽관용 후두마스크 삽입 시도 직후 발생한 양측성 악하선 종대

박한석 ( Han Seok Park ),임춘학 ( Choon Hak Lim ),이혜원 ( Hye Won Lee ),조헌 ( Hun Cho ),박지용 ( Ji Yong Park ),임혜자 ( Hae Ja Lim ),윤석민 ( Suk Min Yoon ),장성호 ( Seong Ho Chang ) 대한마취과학회 2003 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.44 No.5

계면활성제 용액속에서의 화학반응(제3보) 유기인산 에스테르의 가수분해반응에 미치는 2-알킬벤즈이미다졸-5-술포네이트의 친핵적 및 미셀 촉매효과

홍영석,박희현,박한석,Hong, Yeong Seok,Park, Hui Hyeon,Park, Han Seok 대한화학회 1990 대한화학회지 Vol.34 No.6

CTABr 미셀 용액속에서의 sodium 2-alkylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonate(R-BISO$_3$Na)의 음이온에 의해 추진되는 p-nitrophenyldiphenylphosphate(p-NPDPP)의 탈인산화 반응은 sodium benzimidazole-5-sulfonate(BI-SO$_3$Na)의 음이온에 의해 추진되는 반응의 반응속도보다 현저히 감소하고, 알킬기의 길이가 methyl기에서 heptyl기로 길어질수록 감소의 정도가 더욱 크다. 이것은 CTABr을 포함하고 있지 않는 수용액속에서의 BI-SO$_3$Na 및 R-BI$^-$SO$_3$Na 에 의한 탈인산화 반응속도가 별차이가 없음을 감안할 때, 이들 친핵체의 알킬기가 미셀 의사층(micellar pseudophase)내에서 입체장애(steric hinderance)로 작용하기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 이것은 수용액과 미셀 용액속에서의 반응의 측정된 활성화에너지(△H$^\neq$, △G$^\neq$ 및 △S$^\neq$)의 값과도 정성적으로 일치하고 있다. 이러한 입체장애가 반응속도에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 계산하고자 시도하였다. Nonyl기에서 pentadecyl기까지 긴 알킬기를 갖고 있는 R-BI$^-$SO3Na는 그것들의 benzimidazole 부분(BI moiety)이 친핵체로 작용할 뿐 아니라, 이 분자들은 CTABr을 포함하지 않는 수용액속에서 미셀을 형성하여 반응을 촉진함을 알았다. Dephosphorylation of p-nitrophenyldiphenylphosphate(p-NPDPP) mediated by anions of sodium 2-alkylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonate(R-BI-SO$_3$Na) in CTABr micellar solutions are obviously slower than that by anion of sodium benzimidazole-5-sulfonate(BI-SO$_3$Na), and the reation rates were decreased with increase of lengths of alkyl groups. This presents a striking contrast to the reactions in aqueous solutions without added CTABr, of which the reaction rates are on approximately same levels. It seems due to steric effect of alkyl groups of R-BI$^-$SO$_3$Na in the Stern layer of micelle, and it is supported by measured activation parameters(△H$^\neq$, △G$^\neq$ and △S$^\neq$) of the reactions in aqueous and micellar solutions. In addition to nucleophilic ability of benzimidazole moiety of R-BI$^-$SO$_3$Na on the reactions, these compounds with long alkyl groups(nonyl to pentadecyl) are micellized for themseleves, and increase the reaction rates due to their micellar catalyses in aqueous solutions, not including CTABr.