북한의 ‘계몽기동요’ 선정기준과 남·북 개작 양상 비교

최윤정 ( Choi¸ Yoonjeong ) 건국대학교 동화와번역연구소(구 건국대학교 중원인문연구소) 2020 동화와 번역 Vol.40 No.-

이 논문은 70여년 분단의 장벽 속에서도 내밀하게 공유되었던 해방 전 노래를 남북공동 문화유산이라는 측면에서 주목한다. 북한에서는 1920년대 초부터 해방전까지 우리 민족들이 즐겨 부르던 동요, 예술가곡, 대중가요, 신민요 등을 ‘계몽기가요’로 통칭하며 1990년 중반 이후 이를 재평가하기 시작했다. 이는 지금까지 주체문예이론에 입각한 주체음악만이 참다운 음악이며 가치 있는 것으로 평가해 온 기존 북한의 시각과는 상당히 다른 태도이다. 오히려 그동안 계몽기가요를 무조건적으로 금지했던 자신들의 태도를 편협한 것으로 지적하며, 해방 전의 공백을 계몽기가요로 메울 수 있게 되었다고 평가한다. 특히 북한은 해방 전 노래에 담긴 반일, 애국, 광복의 이념에 주목한다. 이를 통해 당대의 시대상과 민족의 정서를 올바로 이해하는 데 도움이 되기 때문에, 혁명성의 한계에도 불구하고 민족 음악유산으로서의 가치를 지니고 있다는 것이다. 본 연구는 ‘계몽기가요’ 중에서도 남녀노소 모두에게 애창되었던 창작동요를 연구대상으로 한다. 북에서 선정한 계몽기 동요목록을 살펴보면 대개는 남한에서도 잘 알려진 동요들이지만 여전히 남과 북의 시각 차이를 발견할 수 있다. 특히 북에서 대표 동요로 꼽는 노래 중에는 남한에서는 상대적으로 덜 알려진 월북 작사가와 작곡가의 노래가 포함된다. 또한 남한의 경우에는 월북 작가들의 노래가 금지곡이 되면서 이들의 노래를 개작하여 불러 왔다. 북한은 계몽기가요를 발굴정리하는 과정에서 이러한 원작의 개작 양상을 문제 삼으며 전면적으로 이의를 제기하고 있다. 그러나 이와 같은 문제에서 자유롭지 않은 것은 남과 북이 마찬가지이다. 민족 공동 유산인 해방 전 노래들은 앞으로 남과 북의 교류와 협력을 통해 더욱 풍부히 하고 지켜져야 할 필요가 있다. 북한은 더 많은 노래를 발굴하여 해방전 공백기를 풍부히 할 필요가 있으며, 남한 역시 월북 작사가 및 작곡가들을 재평가하고 원작자의 이름을 다시 찾는 작업이 필요하다. This study focuses on pre-Liberation songs that were shared in secret between North and South Korea, even under the barrier of a 70-year division in the aspect of a common cultural heritage between them. North Korea gave a common designation of songs during the Enlightenment period to children's songs, art songs, pop songs, and new folk songs enjoyed by the Korean people between the early 1920s and Liberation and began to reassess them in the middle of 1990s. This is a considerably different perspective from North Korea's old viewpoint that only Juche music based on Juche literary theory was true and had value. North Korea pointed out that their old attitude of unconditionally banning songs during the Enlightenment period was narrow-minded and put out an evaluation that songs during the Enlightenment period would help to fill the vacuum before Liberation. Their special focus was on anti-Japanese, patriotic, and independence ideas in the songs before Liberation. Since these songs can help understand the poetry of those times and the sentiment of the people correctly, they hold value as national music heritage despite the limitations of their revolutionary nature. The present study focuses on creative children's songs of songs during the Enlightenment period as all people, including men and women, the old and young, loved to sing them. A look at the list of children's songs during the Enlightenment period selected by North Korea shows that most of the songs are well-known children's songs in South Korea as well, but there is still a difference in viewpoints between North and South Korea. The representative children's songs selected by North Korea, in particular, include songs that were written by lyricists and composers that defected to North Korea and are relatively less known in South Korea. Songs from artists that defected to North Korea were banned in South Korea; thus, they were adapted. In the process of identifying and arranging songs during the Enlightenment period, North Korea raised issues with the adaptation patterns of these originals and made full scale objections. North Korea is, however, not free from these issues just like South Korea. Songs before Liberation are a common national heritage that needs to be enriched and preserved further through exchanges and collaborations between North and South Korea. While North Korea needs to identify more songs and enrich the vacuum before Liberation, South Korea needs to reassess lyricists and composers that defected to North Korea and bring back the names of forgotten original authors.

Trends in the Incidence and Etiology of Non-Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Korea: A Nationwide Population-Based Study From 2007 to 2020

Choi Yoonjeong,Leigh Ja-Ho,Jeon Jooeun,Lee Goo Joo,Shin Hyung-Ik,Bang Moon Suk 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.18

Background: Although patients with non-traumatic spinal cord injury (NTSCI) have distinct epidemiological characteristics compared to those with traumatic spinal cord injury, no previous study has reported the incidence of NTSCI on a national scale in Korea. In this study, we examined the trend in incidence of NTSCI in Korea and described the epidemiological characteristics of patients with NTSCI using nationwide insurance data. Methods: National Health Insurance Service data were reviewed for the period from 2007 to 2020. The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, was used to identify patients with NTSCI. Inpatients with newly diagnosed NTSCI on their first admission during the study period were included. Crude incidence was calculated using the annual number of NTSCI cases divided by the mid-year population estimates. Age-specific incidence was calculated by dividing the number of cases in 10-year age groups by the total number of individuals in that age group. Age-adjusted incidence was calculated using direct standardization. Annual percentage changes were calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis. The Cochrane-Armitage trend test was conducted to examine the trends of NTSCI incidence according to the types or etiologies of NTSCI. Results: The age-adjusted incidence of NTSCI increased continuously from 24.11 per million in 2007 to 39.83 per million in 2020, with a significant annual percentage change (4.93%, P < 0.05). The age-specific incidence for those in their 70s and 80s or older was the highest and rapidly increased from 2007 to 2020. According to the types of paralysis in NTSCI, the proportion of tetraplegia decreased, whereas those of paraplegia and cauda equina increased significantly from 2007 to 2020. The proportion of degenerative diseases was the largest among all etiologies and increased significantly during the study period. Conclusion: The annual incidence of NTSCI in Korea is increasing significantly, particularly among older adults. As Korea is one of the countries with most rapidly aging population in the world, these results have significant implications, indicating that preventive strategies and sufficient rehabilitation medical services are warranted for the population of older adults.

Epidemiology of Traumatic and Non-Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Korea: A Narrative Review

Yoonjeong Choi,Ja-Ho Leigh 대한신경손상학회 2023 Korean Journal of Neurotrauma Vol.19 No.4

This review describes the incidence rates and trends of traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCI) and non-traumatic spinal cord injuries (NTSCI) in South Korea. The incidence of NTSCI has increased more rapidly than that of TSCI in recent years. In 2007, TSCI was more common, but by 2020, NTSCI had surpassed TSCI, particularly in older individuals. While men have a higher incidence of both TSCI and NTSCI, the incidence difference by sex is greater in TSCI. The incidence rates of both TSCI and NTSCI are higher in older individuals, particularly those in their 70s and 80s. For TSCI, falls and traffic accidents are the most common causes, with falls being more prevalent in older adults. Cervical SCIs are the most common TSCI, especially in high-income countries like South Korea. Patients with NTSCI predominantly display paraplegia, which is usually associated with non-traumatic causes such as degenerative disorders and tumors. Higher rates of tetraplegia and paraplegia are observed with TSCI and NTSCI, respectively. The neurological levels of injury also differ between TSCI and NTSCI. Overall, SCIs are a growing concern in South Korea and there is a need for targeted interventions for their management and prevention, especially in older age groups.

Optimization of random amplified polymorphic DNA markers for Korean chicken

Yoonjeong Choi,Hyojun Park,Jong-woon Park,Hoyoung Chung 한국가금학회 2013 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2013 No.11

Comparison of Trends in the Incidence of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Daily Life, Automobile Accidents, and Industrial Accidents: A National Multi-Insurance Study in Korea

Choi Yoonjeong,Kim Young-Eun,Leigh Ja-Ho,Lee Ye Seol,Kim Han-Kyoul,Yi You Gyoung,Lee Jinyoung,Lee Min-Yong,Lee Gangpyo,신형익,방문석 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.7

Background: To examine the incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) from all etiologies, we measured and compared the incidence of TSCI from three national or quasinational databases in South Korea, namely, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS), automobile insurance (AUI), and Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI). Methods: We reviewed patients with TSCI reported in the NHIS database between 2009 and 2018, and in the AUI and IACI databases between 2014 and 2018. TSCI patients were defined as those first admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of TSCI according to the International Classification of Diseases (10th revision) criteria. Age-adjusted incidence was calculated using direct standardization using the 2005 South Korean population or the 2000 US population as the standard population. The annual percentage changes (APC) of TSCI incidence were calculated. The Cochrane–Armitage trend test was performed according to the injured body region. Results: In the NHIS database, age-adjusted TSCI incidence using the Korean standard population increased significantly from 2009 to 2018 (from 33.73 per million in 2009 to 38.14 per million in 2018, APC = 1.2%, P = 0.014). Contrarily, age-adjusted incidence in the AUI database significantly decreased from 13.88 per million in 2014 to 11.57 per million in 2018 (APC = – 5.1%, P = 0.009). In the IACI database, the age-adjusted incidence showed no significant difference, while crude incidence showed a significant increase (from 22.02 per million in 2014 to 28.92 per million in 2018, APC = 6.1%, P = 0.038). According to the age group, all the three databases showed high incidences of TSCI in those in their 60s and 70s or older. Among those in their 70s or older, the incidence of TSCI increased dramatically in the NHIS and IACI databases, while no significant trend was found in AUI database. In 2018, the number of TSCI patients was the highest among those over 70 years of age in the NHIS, whereas among those in their 50s were the highest in both AUI and IACI. The proportion of patients with cervical spinal cord injury was the most common in all these databases. Conclusions: The differences in trends in the incidence of TSCI may be due to the different etiologies and different characteristics of subjects depending on insurance type. These results imply the need for tailored medical strategies for the different injury mechanisms represented by three national insurance services in South Korea.

셀룰러 네트워크에서 딜레이드 오프로딩 스키마를 적용한 사용자 이동성 고려 캐싱 기법

최윤정 ( Yoonjeong Choi ),임유진 ( Yujin Lim ) 한국정보처리학회 2021 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.28 No.2

비디오 컨텐츠 사용이 증가하면서, 사용자가 요구한 파일을 제시간 안에 전달하는 문제가 중요해졌다. 사용자와 가까운 곳에 파일을 캐싱해 두고 필요할 때 다운받으면 파일을 보다 빨리 전달할 수 있는데 사용자가 움직일 경우 이동성을 고려해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 사용자의 이동 경로와 파일의 인기도를 함께 고려해 딜레이드 오프로딩(delayed offloading) 스키마를 적용한 환경에서 마이크로 기지국(micro base station, MBS)에서 다운받는 데이터 크기를 최소로 만들어 비용을 최소화 하는 캐싱 기법을 제안한다. 실험을 통해 타알고리즘에 비해 MBS 로부터 다운받는 양을 줄이고 스몰 셀 기지국(small cell base station, SBS)에서 다운받을 성공 확률을 높이는데 효과가 있다는 것을 보였다.

차량 속도와 위치 표현 방법이 LSTM 기반 차량 경로 예측에 미치는 영향 분석

최윤정 ( Yoonjeong Choi ),임유진 ( Yujin Lim ) 한국정보처리학회 2022 한국정보처리학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.29 No.2

차량이 사용자에게 다양한 서비스를 제공하기 위해서 차량의 위치 정보를 요구하는 환경에서 차량의 위치를 예측해 미리 알 수 있다면 높은 품질의 서비스를 만드는 것에 도움이 된다. 차량은 도시 환경에서 비교적 느린 속도를 갖는다는 특징이 있고 차량의 위치를 표시하는 방법도 여러 가지다. 본 논문은 Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)을 사용해 차량의 이동 경로를 예측하는 과정에서 이동 속도와 위치 표현 방법이 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실험 결과 차량의 속도가 증가할수록, 차량의 이동 표현 방법이 세밀할수록 차량 이동 경로 예측이 어렵다는 것을 확인하였다.

근대 아동만화에 대한 인식과 전개 양상 연구

최윤정(Choi Yoonjeong) 한국아동청소년문학학회 2016 아동청소년문학연구 Vol.- No.18

The purpose of this study is to review the social and cultural meaning of comics that began to appear with the development of modern printing technology, and to investigate the development process as a popular art. Specially, this study examined the present condition of published works around a children’s magazine Child Life and considered characteristics of juvenile comics different from adult comics. Juvenile comics started from Choi Namseon’s ‘Daumeotzi’ but started to develop since the mid 1920s when modern comic elements as ‘reproduction’ and ‘popularity’ became feasible in reality. Specially, Child Life is a media with the most striking usage of visual texts among the published children’s magazines during the Japanese colonial era. The reason can be summarized into approximately three. The first reason is it was easy to accept foreign cartoons because they were published with foreign missionary funds with Christianity as the background. The second reason is it was one of the strategies of securing readers without literacy skills or even children, and the last reason is that there were a lot of capable illustrators among editorial staffs of Child Life. Specially, Child Life is a media who actively released juvenile comics that emphasized fun and laughter. Juvenile comics started and developed from comics in storytelling form of more than 4 columns(cuts). Specially, comic strips were published constantly and the main subject was adventure and exploration. However, the mission-first ideology that Christian magazine aims for is revealed in these adventure comics as well. Child Life who intented to deliver the benefits of comics and bring fun and laughter to juvenile readers was a media that played an important role in the development of modern juvenile comics.

‘스위트 홈’에 대한 환상과 근대 아동문학에 나타난 ‘모성’연구

최윤정(Choi, Yoonjeong) 한국아동문학학회 2012 한국아동문학연구 Vol.- No.23

가정은 황폐한 바깥 세계와는 분리되는 휴식과, 안정, 사랑의 장소로 신성시 되어왔으며, 아동문학에서도 ‘집’은 안전함의 전형으로써 반복되어 왔다. 가정의 정서적 기능이 강조되기 시작한 것은 애정으로 결합된 부부중심의 근대적 가족담론이 등장하면서 부터이다. 그러나 새로운 가족 윤리는 가정을 국가통치의 기능적 단위로 생각하는 국가 중심적 사고와도 관련되어 있었으며, ‘스위트 홈’에 대한 환상을 통해 조선의 열악한 가정 현실을 일깨우고자 했던 일제의 식민지 기획과도 무관하지 않은 것이었다. 여성은 소위 ‘스위트 홈’이라는 근대적 가정의 안주인으로서 그 지위가 보장되는 듯했지만, 행복한 가정을 위해서 ‘현모양처’의 역할이 요구되었다. 특히 ‘과학적 모성’이라는 이름으로 자녀양육의 부담이 가중되었다. 식민지 아동문학 작품에서는 가족을 위해 희생하는 누이 이미지를 통해 ‘대리모성’이 나타나고 있었으며, 자녀의 훌륭한 양육자로서 어떠한 고난도 극복하고자 하는 강한 모성도 등장한다. 이러한 모성의 강조는 현실성 없는 신비화된 모성 이미지를 만들어내며, ‘스위트 홈’에 대한 우리의 환상을 강화시킨다. Home has been sacred as a place for rest, stability and love, which is separated from the outer world, and has repeated as an example of safety. The emotional role of home has been emphasized since the modern family discourse appeared. The modern family ethic is associated with a state-centric idea, and it was relevant to a Japanese colonial policy which despised poor Korean homes through the illusion of ‘a sweet home.’ A woman appeared to be ensured as a modern landlady at so-called ‘a sweet home,’ and she was asked to be ‘a good wife and wise mother’ to make her home happy. In particular, a burden of raising children, which was called as ‘a scientific motherhood’ imposed to her. ‘The substituted motherhood’ made an appearance through the image of an older sister who sacrificed herself for her family in the works of the children’s literature during the colonial period. And the tough and indefatigable motherhood fostering children also could be seen. The emphasis of the motherhood invents an unrealistic and sacred image of the motherhood, and reinforces the illusion of ‘a sweet home.’

Crystal Structure of SmcR, a Quorum-sensing Master Regulator of <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> , Provides Insight into Its Regulation of Transcription

Kim, Yoonjeong,Kim, Byoung Sik,Park, Yu Jin,Choi, Won-Chan,Hwang, Jungwon,Kang, Beom Sik,Oh, Tae-Kwang,Choi, Sang Ho,Kim, Myung Hee American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2010 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.285 No.18

<P>Quorum sensing has been implicated as an important global regulatory system controlling the expression of numerous virulence factors in bacterial pathogens. SmcR, a homologue of <I>Vibrio harveyi</I> LuxR, has been proposed as a quorum-sensing master regulator of <I>Vibrio vulnificus</I>, an opportunistic human pathogen. Previous studies demonstrated that SmcR is essential for the survival and pathogenesis of <I>V. vulnificus</I>, indicating that inhibiting SmcR is an attractive approach to combat infections by the bacteria. Here, we determined the crystal structure of SmcR at 2.1 Å resolution. The protein structure reveals a typical TetR superfamily fold consisting of an N-terminal DNA binding domain and a C-terminal dimerization domain. <I>In vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I> functional analysis of the dimerization domain suggested that dimerization of SmcR is vital for its biological regulatory function. The N-terminal DNA recognition and binding residues were assigned based on the protein structure and the results of <I>in vivo</I> and <I>in vitro</I> mutagenesis experiments. Furthermore, protein-DNA interaction experiments suggested that SmcR may have a sophisticated mechanism that enables the protein to recognize each of its many target operators with different affinities.</P>