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문지용,김영복,이지영,정기호,Moon, Ji-Yong,Kim, Young-Bok,Lee, Ji-Young,Jeong, Gi Ho 한국분석과학회 2001 분석과학 Vol.14 No.5
본 연구에서는 2000년 3월부터 9월까지 울산지역의 대기 중 미세먼지를 포집하여 중금속의 분포 특성을 살펴보고 그 오염 정도를 파악하고자 하였다. 시료는 마이크로파를 이용하여 전처리를 하였으며, 중금속(크롬, 구리, 아연, 카드뮴, 니켈, 비소, 그리고 납)에 대한 분석은 유도결합 플라스마 질량분석기를 사용하여 정량하였다. 대기 중 미세 먼지의 최대 양은 $85.6{\mu}g/m^3$로 타났으며 평균은 $37.1{\mu}g/m^3$였다. 각 중금속의 최대 농도는 철 $2.5{\mu}g/m^3$ (여천동), 아연 $0.41{\mu}g/m^3$ (남목2동), 카드뮴 $0.061{\mu}g/m^3$ (여천동), 납 $0.20{\mu}g/m^3$ (여천동), 니켈 $0.037{\mu}g/m^3$ (여천동), 구리 $0.88{\mu}g/m^3$ (야음동), 크롬 $0.042{\mu}g/m^3$ (야음동), 그리고 비소는 $0.015{\mu}g/m^3$ (온산)를 나타냈다. 중금속 농도 사이의 상관성을 살펴본 결과 남목2동에서 니켈과 아연이 상관계수 0.87로 가장 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다. In this study, we collected PM10(particulate matter less than $10{\mu}m$) by using a high volume air sampler from March 2000 to September 2000 to investigate the contamination level and the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the ambient air in Ulsan area. Samples were pretreated by the microwave extraction methods, and heaby metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, As, and Pb) were quantified by using and ICP-MS system. The highest PM10 concentrations in the ambient air were $85.6{\mu}g/m^3$ and the aberage value was $37.1{\mu}g/m^3$. The maximum levels of each heavy metal were as follows: $2.5{\mu}g/m^3$ for Fe(Yeocheon-dong), $0.41{\mu}g/m^3$ for Zn(Nammok-2-dong), $0.061{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cd(Yeocheon-dong), $0.20{\mu}g/m^3$ for Pb(Yeocheon-dong), $0.037{\mu}g/m^3$ for Ni(Yeoncheon-dong), $0.88{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cu(Yaeum-dong), $0.042{\mu}g/m^3$ for Cr(Yaeum-dong), and $0.015{\mu}g/m^3$ for As(Onsan). Among concentration of heavy metals, Ni and Zn compounds were highly correlated with a correlation coefficient of 0.87 at Nammok-2-dong.
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문지용,( Tae-Hyung Kim ),( Yeon-Mok Oh ),( Joon Beom Seo ),( Kwang Ha Yoo ),( Ji-Hyun Lee ),( Eun Kyung Kim ),( Seunghee Baek ),( Woo Jin Kim ),( Jin Hwa Lee ),( Sang-Min Lee ),( Sang Yeub Lee ),( Seong 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2013 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.116 No.0
Background: Occupational exposure has been considered as a risk factor for the developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the effect of occupational exposure on the prognosis of COPD is not well known. Objective: To evaluate whether occupational exposure has a potential impact on COPD outcomes. Methods: Using Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) Cohort from 15 university hospitals in Korea, we analyzed subjects who answered the questionnaire: have you ever exposed to isocyanate, welding, reactive dye, basic dyestuffs, epoxy resin, metallic fume, drug powder, flour, cereal powder, hair perm solution, and/or any unknown chemical material in your workplace? Results: At least one of these exposures was found in 24.4% among 312 adult patients with COPD. Patients with occupational exposure had a higher SGRQC total score (39.7±18.8 vs. 33.1±17.6, P=0.005) and a higher exacerbation history in the past year (30.3% vs. 17.5%, P=0.017) than those without occupational exposure. There were no significant differences in age, smoking history, dyspnea scale, BODE index and lung function between the two groups. After adjusting for potential confounders, those with occupational exposure had a higher frequency of acute exacerbations in the prospective cohort (odd ratio, 1.418; 95% confidence interval, 1.027-1.956; P=0.033) than those without occupational exposure. Conclusion: These findings suggests that occupational exposure is not only risk factor of COPD but also could have prognostic impact on COPD. 보건복지부보건의료연구개발사업지원 (A102065).Background: Occupational exposure has been considered as a risk factor for the developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the effect of occupational exposure on the prognosis of COPD is not well known. Objective: To evaluate whether occupational exposure has a potential impact on COPD outcomes. Methods: Using Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) Cohort from 15 university hospitals in Korea, we analyzed subjects who answered the questionnaire: have you ever exposed to isocyanate, welding, reactive dye, basic dyestuffs, epoxy resin, metallic fume, drug powder, flour, cereal powder, hair perm solution, and/or any unknown chemical material in your workplace? Results: At least one of these exposures was found in 24.4% among 312 adult patients with COPD. Patients with occupational exposure had a higher SGRQC total score (39.7±18.8 vs. 33.1±17.6, P=0.005) and a higher exacerbation history in the past year (30.3% vs. 17.5%, P=0.017) than those without occupational exposure. There were no significant differences in age, smoking history, dyspnea scale, BODE index and lung function between the two groups. After adjusting for potential confounders, those with occupational exposure had a higher frequency of acute exacerbations in the prospective cohort (odd ratio, 1.418; 95% confidence interval, 1.027-1.956; P=0.033) than those without occupational exposure. Conclusion: These findings suggests that occupational exposure is not only risk factor of COPD but also could have prognostic impact on COPD. 보건복지부보건의료연구개발사업지원 (A102065).
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문지용,( Tae-hyung Kim ),( Sang-heon Kim ),( Kyungjoo Kim ),( Chin Kook Rhee ),( Kwang Ha Yoo ),( Ki-suck Jung ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2015 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.120 No.-
Background: Asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS) is defined as a syndrome that has both features of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Very few studies have assessed healthcare utilization and cost with a direct comparison between asthma, ACOS and COPD. Objective: To explore healthcare usage and related costs according to each airway diseases and to determine factors that could be associated with an increase of medical expense. Methods: We made a cohort of 21,076 subjects who aged over 40 years and underwent spirometry in the Korean National Health and Nutritional Survey (KNHANES) between 2007 and 2012. In same period, their data was linked with Korean National Health Insurance claims data by which healthcare utilization and costs were evaluated. Results: The subjects were grouped into COPD (n=1,933), asthma (n=1,755), ACOS (n=629), or normal lung function (n=16,759). During the study period, subjects with ACOS had higher healthcare costs than those with COPD, asthma or normal lung function. In addition, those with ACOS had higher number of outpatient visit and hospital day and higher rate of having medication for airway disease than those with COPD or asthma. Interestingly, after adjusting age, gender, income, medications, comorbidities and forced expiratory volume in 1 second, only COPD was significantly associated with increased medical costs over the median value of 354,150 won. Conclusions: Contrary to ACOS and asthma, COPD could be independently related with the increased medical expenses.
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지배적 디자인 경쟁 환경에서 벤처기업의 업종별 기회포착 전략에 관한 연구: 하드웨어와 소프트웨어 산업 비교를 중심으로
문지용,고영희,Moon, Ji-Yong,Ko, Young-Hee 한국벤처창업학회 2015 벤처창업연구 Vol.10 No.2
벤처기업에 관한 기존의 연구들은 자원을 획득하고 보유자원을 재조합하여 내부역량을 확보하기 위한 방법에 논의에 집중되었다. 하지만 자원과 역량이 부족한 벤처기업에게 중요한 것은 환경변화의 이해를 통해 기회를 포착하고, 생존할 수 있도록 안정적인 시장진입을 가능하게 하는 전략제시가 필요하다. 이를 위해, 본 연구는 벤처기업이 지배적 디자인 경쟁 환경의 산업에 진입하여 성공할 수 있었던 이유를 기회포착이라는 개념을 통해 알아보고자 한다. 기회포착은 벤처기업이 구현할 수 있는 역량을 고려하여 기회를 인식하는 것으로서 시장에 판매할 수 있는 재화 및 서비스를 공급하기 위해 필요한 기술을 선택하고, 기술획득에 필요한 협력방식을 선택하는 역량을 의미한다. 본 연구는 벤처기업의 기회인식과 전략적 대응방식에 주목하여 시장진입에 성공할 수 있었던 이유를 살펴보기 위해 지배적 디자인 경쟁이 진행되었던 산업에 진입하여 안정적으로 자리를 잡은 하드웨어 분야와 소프트웨어 분야 벤처기업 1곳 씩 선정하여 성공적인 진입이 가능했던 이유와 업종별 특성에 따른 차이점을 알아보았다. 연구결과 지배적 디자인 경쟁이 벌어지고 있는 환경에서 각 기술진영의 업체들은 자신의 기술이 확대되어 표준화가 되는 것이 목적이기 때문에 하드웨어 업체는 가격인하를 통한 시장 확대에 집중하였으며, 소프트웨어 업체는 보완기술의 보편화를 이루어 더 많은 사용자가 참여할 수 있게 유도하는데 노력한다. 지배적 디자인 경쟁환경은 벤처기업의 업종에 따라 기회포착 인식의 차이를 갖게 하는데 하드웨어 업체는 잠재수익률에 대한 기회인식의 차이로 인해 발생하는 틈새시장을 확보하도록 핵심기술을 확보하는 것이 중요하며, 소프트웨어 업체는 다수의 사용자가 참여하도록 유도하는 보완기술에 기회를 인식해야 함을 알 수 있었다. The aim of this research is to investigate the difference in the capturing opportunities for each type of venture companies in the industry undergoing competition of a dominant design and then figure out the reason why they can be successful. Existing studies on venture companies are focused on the way to enhance a firm's competencies by acquiring and combining its resources. However, it is important for startups which have a lack of resources and capabilities to capture the opportunity to survive by understanding a changing environment. This study is focused on opportunity capture and strategic response to a changing environment and attempts to select and observe startup companies which are able to capture the opportunity and enter the market in the industry undergoing dominant design competition. In order to find out its difference in different types of business, we select one case from hardware startups and the other from software startups. According to the result of this study, the hardware startup focuses on market extension by lowering their prices and the software startup strives to induce more users to participate by the universalization of enabling technology so as to extend and standardize their technology in the environment undergoing dominant design competition. This feature of environment leads the difference in the approach for successfully capturing opportunity and thus hardware firms need to recognize the opportunity with profit potential from relationship with a number of cooperative firms while software firms need to identify the opportunity for extension of enabling technology which can be used by many users.
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