적대적 생성 신경망을 이용한 컬러 필터 배열 변환 기법

김성열,성치훈,김승욱 한국통신학회 2024 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.49 No.4

서로 다른 카메라 센서에서 동일한 장면을 촬영한정렬된 컬러 필터 배열의 수집이 어렵기 때문에, 관련 데이터셋은 충분한 학습 데이터를 제공하지 못하는 경우가 많다. 본 논문에서는 RGBW와 RGB 컬러필터 배열 변환을 위해 적대적 생성 신경망을 사용하는 새로운 데이터 증강 및 학습 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 추가적인 데이터 수집 작업 없이 향상된 컬러 필터 배열의 변환 성능을 보인다. The lack of paired data is a critical problem in raw image mapping since it is hard to capture the color filter arrays (CFAs) of the same scene from different cameras. This paper introduces a novel RGBW/RGB CFA data generation method using generative adversarial networks (GANs). The experimental results confirm that the performance of the RGBW-to-RGB CFA mapping can be improved by using the proposed data generation method based on GANs.

토마토 가공(加工) 공정(工程) 중(中)에 있어서의 유리(遊離) 아미노 산(酸)의 변동(變動)

김성열,히로미치 카토,아키히로 오키타니,푸미타카 하야세,Kim, Seung Yeol,Kato, Hiromichi,Okitani, Akihiro,Hayase, Fumitaka 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1982 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.9 No.2

토마토 가공(加工) 공정중(工程中)에 있어서의 유리 아미노산의 변화(變化)를 검토(檢討)할 목적(目的)으로 가공용(加工用)인 KAGOME 77 품종(品種)의 토마토로 조제(調製)한 fresh pulp, heated pulp, puree 및 paste 중(中)의 유리 아미노산을 측정(測定)하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Amide group 중(中) glutamine과 asparagine의 분해(分解) 속도(速度)에는 상당(相當)한 차(差)가 인정되었으며, glutamin 은 빨리 분해(分解)되어 paste 중(中)에는 전(全)혀 잔존(殘存)하지 않았으나 asparagine은 paste 중(中)에도 56% 이상(以上)이 잔존(殘存)하였다. 2. 산성(酸性) group중(中)의 glutamic acid의 감소량(減少量)은 전(全) 아미노산 중(中) 가장 컸으며 aspartic acid의 그것은 glutamine 다음인 3 번째로 컸다. Paste 중(中)에 있어서의 glutamic acid와 aspartic acid의 잔존율(殘存率)은 각각 38% 및 24%이었다. 3. 중성(中性) group의 glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine 및 leucine 등(等)은 약간(若干) 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 4. 염기성(鹽基性) group중(中) lysine과 histidin의 변화(變化)는 인정(認定)되지 않았으나, argmme은 가열(加熱) 공정중(工程中)에 약간(若干) 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 5. Aromatic group인 tyrosine, phenylalanine 및 tryptophane은 가열(加熱) 공정(工程) 중(中)에는 약간(若干) 증가(增加)하였으나 농축중(濃縮中)에 있어서의 변화(變化)는 거의 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 6. 함유황(含硫黃) 아미노산인 methionine은 전(全) 공정(工程)을 통(通)해서 약간(若干) 감소(減少)하였으나 비단백성(非蛋白性)인 ${\gamma}$ amino butyric acid의 감소(減少)는 거의 인정(認定)되지 않았다. 7. Fresh pulp중(中)의 주요(主要) 아미노산은 glutamic acid>${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid$${\geq_-}$$glutamine>aspartic acid>asparagine의 순(順)으로 많이 함유되어 있었으나, paste 중(中)에는 glutarru acid>${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid>aspartic acid=asparagine의 순(順)으로 많이 함유(含有)되어 있었으며, 미량(微量)이긴 하나 방향족(芳香族) 아미노산과 염기성(鹽基性) 아미노산의 분포비(分布比)가 증가(增加)하는 경향(傾向)을 나타내었다. 8. HITACHI-KLA-5-Amino Acid Analy-zer로 측정(測定)하였을 때 tryptophane의 직전(直前)에 fresh pulp에서는 나타나지 않았던 unknown peak가 가공품(加工品)에 있어서만 나타났으며, 가열(加熱) 및 농축(濃縮)이 진행(進行)됨에 따라 큰 peak로 되었다. 그리고 이것은 lysinoalanine 또는 ornithino이 아니라는 사실(事實)도 확인(確認)하였다. The variation of free amino acids during the tomato producing was studied using a tomato variety, Kagome 77. The concentration of free amino acids in fresh and heated pulp, and in puree and paste was analyzed by using automatic amino acid analyzer, Hitachi model KLA-5. 1. A significant difference in decomposition rate of glutamine and asparagine among amide group was recognized. For instance, the glutamine decomposed fast and no glutamine was found in the paste, while 56% of asparagine was found in the paste. 2. The diminishing quantity of glutamic acid among acid group was highest among all free amino acids. The quantity of aspartic acid was next to the glutamine. The percents of glutamic acid and aspartic acid left over were 38% and 24%, respectively. 3. Glycine, alanine, valine, isoleucine and leucine of neutral amino acids tended to be reduced a little during the heating, concentrating process. 4. No apparent variation was found for the lysine and histidine belonging to basic amino acids. while arginine increased a little. 5. Tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophane of aromatic group seemed to increase a little during the heating process. But the variations of them during the concentrating process were not recognized. 6. The methionine content, sulfur containing amino acid decreased a little throughout the process. But the decrease of ${\gamma}-amino$ butyric acid of non-protein was not apparently recognized. 7. The amino acid contents of fresh pulp were found as following order: glutamic acid>${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid>glutamine>aspartic acid>asparagine. The amino acid contents of paste were as glutamic acid>${\gamma}$-amino butyric acid>aspartic acid and aspargine. The percent distribution of aromatic and basic amino acids increased, even it was not great. 8. When amino acids were analyzed by Hitachi KLA-5, unknown peak which was never app eared in the fresh pulp before tryptophane was appeared when processed. The peak became greater when heated and concentrated. Later it was known that the peak was not due to lysinoalanine or ornithine.

Mrs. Dalloway on a Feminist Scale

김성열 신영어영문학회 2017 신영어영문학 Vol.67 No.-

The aim of this paper is to examine the feminist undercurrents of Mrs. Dalloway, an aspect that has not received as much attention as Woolf’s non-fiction. Despite Clarissa’s prototypical feminism in her successful struggle to preserve her identity and autonomy in her marriage, she is very much a product of patriarchy, socialized to behave like a “proper lady,” acutely conscious of the physical impression she makes. Moreover, she is limited because she does not possess a strong conception of self, a lack she is aware of. Another limiting factor is her snobbery and sexism as she looks down upon Doris Kilman. Other female characters like Kilman provide alternatives to Clarissa, but they, too, reveal glaring flaws. However, there are glimmers of feminist hope in addition to the sparks emitted by Clarissa, as her daughter Elizabeth imagines her future.

Trichosporon cutaneum의 균체생육(菌體生育) 및 Lipase 생산(生産)에 미치는 당류(糖類)의 영향

김성열,Kim, Seung-Yeol 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1977 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.4 No.1

전보(前報)에 이어 Trichosporon cutaneum의 lipase 생산(生産)에 미치는 당류(糖類)의 영향을 더욱 검토(檢討)하기 위(爲)하여 몇가지 당류(糖類)를 첨가(添加)한 대두분추출액(大豆粉抽出液) 기본배지(基本培地)를 151bs에서 20분간(分間) 살균(殺菌)하였을때 일어나는 pH 및 착색도변화(着色度變化), 착색물질(着色物質)이 균체(菌體)의 생육(生育) 및 lipase 생산(生産)에 미치는 영향, 그리고 $30^{\circ}C$에서 진탕 배양(培養)하면서 배양중(培養中)의 pH 변화(變化)와 균체(菌體)의 생육(生育) 및 lipase 생산(生産)과의 관계(關係)를 검토(檢討)하여 아래와 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 대두분추출액(大豆粉抽出液) 기본배지(基本培地)에 각중당류(各種糖類)를 첨가(添加)하여 살균(殺菌)하였을 때 일어나는 갈변(褐變)은 xylose 첨가구(添加區)가 가장 심(甚)하고 다음이 galactose와 mannose, glucose 첨가구(添加區)의 순(順)이 었고 maltose와 sucrose 첨가구(添加區)는 당무첨가구(糖無添加區)와 별차이(別差異)가 없었다. 2. 살균후(殺菌後)에 갈변(褐變)이 심(甚)한 것일수록 pH가 낮았다. 3. 살균중(殺菌中)에 형성(形成)된 착색물질(着色物質)은 당(糖)의 종류(種類)에 비(比)하여 균체(菌體)의 생육(生育)및 lipase 생산(生産)에 미치는 영향이 작았다. 4. lipase 생산량(生産量)이 많을수록 균체(菌體)의 생산량(生産量)이이 작았다. 5. 살균중(殺菌中)의 갈변(褐變)이 가장 심(甚)한 xylose 첨가구(添加區)에서는 균체(菌體)의 증식(增殖) 및 lipase 생산저해작용(生産沮害作用)이 약천(若千) 약화(弱化)되었다. 6. 균체(菌體)의 증식(增殖)이 왕성(旺盛)할수록 배지(培地)의 pH가 낮아졌다. Inhibitory effect of sugars on lipase production by Trichosporon cutaneum was observed in the previous study (Kim, 1972), and inhibition was distinctive by the addition of glucose, fructose, mannose, xylose and arabinose to the soybean meal medium among various carbon sources. These experiments were carried out to study the effect of sugars on cell growth and lipase production by the strain using the soybean extracts liquid medium under a shaking culture system. Changes in color and pH of the medium were caused by heat sterilization when various sugars were added. To elucidate the possible effect of these coloring matters on lipase production and cell growth: changes in pH of the culture, cell concentration and level of the enzyme activities were determined when the culture was grown for 48 hours at $30^{\circ}C$ on a reciprocal shaker. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Density of brownish color which formed during heat sterilization was varied with the variety of sugar used, ie, strong in pentose such as xylose: weak in hexose such as galactose, mannose, glucose: very weak in disaccharide such as maltose, sucrose. When the color density was stronger, decrease in pH after sterilization was marked. 2. Cell growth and lipase production was not so effect by the coloring matters as by sugars. 3. The more the cell mass of the culture, the lower the level of lipase production in the culture supernatant. 4. Among the sugars which caused the distinctive inhibition of lipase production, a slight relief of inhibition was noticed by the addition of xylose, whereas the cell growth was repressed. 5. When cell growth was better, decrease in pH of the medium was greater during cultivation.

2P-143 Vanillin Intercalated Layered Silicates for Antioxidant Property

김성열 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1

Antioxidant materials have a significant role as chronic disease (such as colorectal cancer and gastrointestinal disease) protector on human health. Antioxidant materials can be destroyed by UV, radical, oxygen and water. To overcome this advantage, Aminoclay(AC) was synthesized by using magnesium ions and (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) with antioxidant material (vanillin) intercalated between clay sheets. Clay synthesis and vanillin intercalation were checked through SEM, particle size analyzer, FT-IR, TGA, XRD and HPLC. Antioxidant property of vanillin intercalated aminoclay was checked by ABTS method.

1P-196 One-Pot Method of Natural Compounds Intercalated Aminoclay Sheets with its Antimicrobial Activity

김성열 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.0

배지의 pH와 한천농도가 S.mutans의 산생성에 미치는 영향

김성열,이광희 원광대학교 치의학연구소 1992 圓光齒醫學 Vol.2 No.2

The purpose of this study was to assess the aciduric ability of S.mutans and the effect of agar on the acid production of S.mutans. 10% sucrose phosphate buffer solutions from pH 6.6 to pH 7.2 were inoculated by S.mutans 10449 and incubated for 42 hours. The optimum pH for acid production of S.mutans was pH 6.7∼6.82 % glucose broth was acidulated by lactic acid to pH 5.0 and agar was added to the broth to the concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5% (identical to the Snyder or Alban caries activity test medium except the agar concentration). Each medium was mixed with one of the S.mutans 10449, OMZ 65, OMZ 175 or Yakurt and incubated for 72 hours. Acid production was measured by the color change of bromcresol green in the media daily. Acid production of S.mutans was near to that of Lactobacillus. Acid production in solid media was less than that in liquid media after 72 hours. Acid production of S.mutans OMZ 175 was more than that of S.mutans 10449 and OMZ 65 after 48 hours, but there was no difference among them after 72 hours. Therefore, Snyder and Alban tests could be interpretated as the comprehensive test for aciduric oral bacteria including S.mutans rather than as selective tests for Lactobacillus. The aciduric nature of S.mutans could be considered in the development of a caries activity test.

Obesity Exacerbates Coxsackievirus Infection via Lipid-Induced Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Generation

김성열,Song Jae-Hyoung,안재희,Jeong Myeong Seon,Yang Yoon Mee,Cho Jaewon,Jeong Jae-Hyeon,Cha Younggil,Kim Kil-Nam,Kim Hong Pyo,장선영,고현정 대한면역학회 2022 Immune Network Vol.22 No.2

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection causes acute pancreatitis and myocarditis. However, its pathophysiological mechanism is unclear. Here, we investigated how lipid metabolism is associated with exacerbation of CVB3 pathology using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were intraperitoneally inoculated with 1×106 pfu/mouse of CVB3 after being fed a control or HFD to induce obesity. Mice were treated with mitoquinone (MitoQ) to reduce the level of mitochondrial ROS (mtROS). In obese mice, lipotoxicity of white adipose tissue-induced inflammation caused increased replication of CVB3 and mortality. The coxsackievirus adenovirus receptor increased under obese conditions, facilitating CVB3 replication in vitro. However, lipid-treated cells with receptor-specific inhibitors did not reduce CVB3 replication. In addition, lipid treatment increased mitochondria-derived vesicle formation and the number of multivesicular bodies. Alternatively, we found that inhibition of lipid-induced mtROS decreased viral replication. Notably, HFD-fed mice were more susceptible to CVB3-induced mortality in association with increased levels of CVB3 replication in adipose tissue, which was ameliorated by administration of the mtROS inhibitor, MitoQ. These results suggest that mtROS inhibitors can be used as potential treatments for CVB3 infection.

대통령자문 교육개혁기구의 역할과 재조명 : 교육개혁위원회를 중심으로

김성열 한국교육정치학회 2003 敎育政治學硏究 Vol.9 No.1

대통령자문 교육개혁기구의 역할과 기능 재조명

김성열 한국교육정치학회 2003 한국교육정치학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.- No.-