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강창근,이필용,최희구,김평중 한국수산학회 1993 한국수산과학회지 Vol.26 No.3
진해만의 서남단에 위치하고 수하식 굴 양식의 주산지로서 널리 알려진 반폐쇄성 내만해역인 원문만에서 굴의 성장기인 9월에 주요 성장에너지원인 입자유기탄소의 일변동 양상과 농도분포에 영향을 미치는 몇몇 요인을 조사하였다. 1시간 간격으로 측정된 입자 유기탄소의 농도는 비교적 짧은 조사기간에도 불구하고 큰 변동을 보였는데 최저 58 ㎍/ℓ에서 최고 582 ㎍/ℓ범위(평균 272 ㎍/ℓ)였고, 유사한 일변동 양상을 보인 Chlorophyll a의 농도는 0.90에서 7.25 ㎍/ℓ(평균 3.25㎍/ℓ)범위였다. 또한 낮은 C/N비(3.1∼7.7)는 만내의 미세조류가 입자유기탄소의 주요 구성요소임을 시사하였다. 조사수역에서 입자유기탄소의 양은 외부로부터의 유입을 거의 기대할 수 없어 비교적 높은 미세조류의 기초생산(평균 1.97 gC/㎡/day)에 크게 의존하며 양식굴의 배설도 일부분을 차지하였다. 생산된 입자유기탄소의 약 40% 정도가 분해과정으로 제거되고 간조시 36%에 달하는 입자유기탄소가 만외측으로 흘러나가는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 약 16%의 입자유기탄소는 저질중으로 퇴적되는 것으로 추산되었고 일부는 양식굴과 그외 타가영양생물에 의한 섭이로 소모될 것으로 사료된다. Daily variation of particulate organic carbon(POC) and some factors controlling its level were examined for a semi-enclosed bay(Wonmun Bay, south coast of Korea), in which a lot of suspended oyster culture farms existed, in September, 1992. Observations were made at hourly interval. In spite of the relatively short survey period, strong short-term variation of POC concentration could be observed. Concentrations of POC were the range of 58∼582 ㎍/ℓ(average 272 ㎍/ℓ) and their variation pattern was similar to those of chlorophyll a with the range of 0.90∼7.25 ㎍/ℓ(average 3.35 ㎍/ℓ). The low C/N ratios also suggested that marine microalgae was a major component of POC for Wonmun Bay. Primary production, average 1.97 gC/㎡/day, was the main source of POC beacuse the supply of POC via freshwater input and exchange with the outer part of the bay was little. Oyster population also excreted a small amount of POC. About 40% of produced POC was decomposed heterotrophically. Another important cause for the fluctuation of observed POC was tidal cycle. Considerable POC, which amounted 37% of produced POC, was lost from the bay due to flushing by tidal cycle. It was also calculated that about 16% was transported onto the sediment. It seemed that a part of POC was consumed by oyster and other heterotrophs.
Effect of DNA Vaccination with Retroviral Vector Expressing nfa1 Gene in Naegleria fowleri Infection
강창근,kianpour mehrnoosh,홍일화,손혜진,신호준,김종현 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2017 농업생명과학연구 Vol.51 No.6
Naegleria fowleri is pathogenic free-living amoeba leading to primary amoebicmeningoencephalitis(PAM) in human and animals. The nfa1 gene cloned from N. fowleri islocated on food-cup structure called pseudopodia and function an adherence of host targetcells. To evaluate the effect of nfa1 vaccination against N. fowleri infection, we constructedretroviral vector(pQCXIN) expressing nfa1 gene. To determine the effect of vaccination andprotective immunity in in vivo models, we measured the immunoglobulin levels, cytokineinduction, and survival rate in mice infected with N. fowleri. Both levels of IgG and IgGsubclass in DNA vaccinated mice were significantly elevated. The cytokine analysis showthat DNA vaccinated mice induces production of IL-4 and IFN-γcytokines suggesting aTh1/Th2 mixed type immune response. The levels of nfa1 specific IgG antibody weremaintained highly until 12 weeks post-vaccination in vaccinted mice. The nfa1 vaccinatedmice using retroviral vector increased significantly survival rate(60%) after N. fowleri infection. Consequently, the nfa1 vaccination effectively induces protective immunity by upregulation ofimmune response in mice infected with N. fowleri. These results suggest that DNAvaccination using retroviral vector may be proper trial for treatment and prevention of PAM.
강창근 부산외국어대학교 지중해연구소 2003 지중해지역연구 Vol.5 No.1
The Mediterranean Sea covers an area of approximately 2.5 Million square kilometers and a volume of 3.7 million cubic kilometers, excluding the Black Sea, and has an average depth of about 1500m. As a sea it is rather unique in that it is almost completely surrounded by land: Europe to the north, Africa to the south, and Asia Minor to the east. The Mediterranean is a silled basin, separated from the Atlantic Ocean by a shallow sill of 320m depth at the Straits of Gibraltar. The Siculo-Tunisian sill close to which lie the Maltese Islands divides the Mediterranean into an East and a West Basin. The Mediterranean Sea has three principal kinds of water: the Mediterranean Surface Water (0-200m deep), the Mediterranean Inetrmediate Water (200-600m deep) and the Mediterranean Deep Water(deeper than 600m). the mediterranean generally has tides of very low amplitude(0.06m in the Maltses Islands). General water mass properties, ecosystem diversity, species diversity, origins and affinities of marine flora and fauna, and species distribution patterns, biogeographic classification in the Mediterranean Sea are reviewed in this text.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of the Methanol Extracts from 8 Traditional Medicinal Plants
강창근,하대식,김충희,김영환,김의경,김종수 한국독성학회 2011 Toxicological Research Vol.27 No.1
The methanol extract of 12 medicinal plants were evaluated for its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (5 strains) and Gram-negative bacteria (10 strains) by assay for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC). The antibacterial activity was determined by an agar dilution method (according to the guidelines of Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute). All the compounds (12 extracts) of the 8 medicinal plants (leaf or root) were active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative showed a more potent action than Gram positive bacteria. The MIC concentrations were various ranged from 0.6 μg/ml to 5000 μg/ml. The lowest MIC (0.6 μg/ml) and MBC (1.22 μg/ml) values were obtained with extract on 4 and 3 of the 15 microorganisms tested, respectively.
${\delta}^{13}C$ 분석에 의한 남해 연안 내만역 어류 영양원으로써 저서생산의 중요성 평가
강창근,최은정,김영상,박현제,Kang, Chang-Keun,Choy, Eun-Jung,Kim, Young-Sang,Park, Hyun-Je 한국해양학회 2009 바다 Vol.14 No.1
남해 연안의 3개 내만역을 대상으로 전체 어류군집이 이용하는 유기물의 기원을 조사하기 위하여 잘피와 부착조류, 저서미세조류, 해조류, 습지식물, 부유입자유기물(식물플랑크톤), 습지식물(갈대) 그리고 육상기원 유기물 등 다양한 유래의 유기물에 대한 탄소안정동위원소 비(${\delta}^{13}C$) 값과 어류 체조직의 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값을 비교 분석하였다. 연구해역에서 채집된 총 31종의 어류들이 가지는 ${\delta}^{13}C$C 값은 -16.2${\sim}$-8.3‰의 범위를 나타내어 잘피(-8.3${\pm}$1.9‰), 부착조류(-12.4 ${\pm}$0.6‰), 저서미세조류(-15.4${\pm}$1.6‰) 그리고 해조류(-16.0${\pm}$1.8‰)가 가지는 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값에 상당하는 범위를 나타내었다. 또한 연구수역의 어류군집이 가지는 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 값(-12.9${\pm}$1.5‰)은 남해 외양역에서 채집된 어류(-17.3${\pm}$0.8‰)와 낙동강 수계에서 채집된 어류군집(-23.2${\pm}$1.6‰)이 가지는 값에 비하여 뚜렷히 높은 값을 보였다. 따라서 본 조사에서 얻어진 ${\delta}^{13}C$ 분석 결과들은 조사가 수행된 3개 내만역 어류군집은 만 자체의 자생기원 저서생산에서 유래한 탄소원에 주로 의존하고 있다는 것을 시사하였다. Stable carbon isotope analysis was used to investigate the autotrophic carbon sources supporting fisheries in three coastal bay systems of the southern coast of Korea. Carbon isotope ratios (${\delta}^{13}C$) of 31 fish species were analysed and compared with those of a range of potential primary food sources [e.g., seagrass (Zostera marina), seagrass epiphytes, benthic microalgae, macroalgae, marine particulate organic matter (marine POM), marsh plant (Phragmites australis) and terrestrial POM]. ${\delta}^{13}C$ values (range, -16.2${\sim}$-8.3‰) of fishes from the coastal embayment systems were overlapped with those of seagrass (-8.3${\pm}$1.9‰), seagrass epiphytes (-12.4${\pm}$0.6‰), benthic microalgae (-15.4${\pm}$1.6‰) and macroalgae (-16.0${\pm}$1.8‰). In addition, fishes (-12.9${\pm}$1.5‰) from the study area had distinctly higher ${\delta}^{13}C$ values compared to those collected in offshore sites (-17.3${\pm}$0.8‰) of the southern sea of Korea and Nakdong River (-23.2${\pm}$1.6‰). This result indicates that carbon supporting fish communities of these coastal bay systems is mainly derived from the local benthic producers.