레슬링 그레코로만형 업어넘기기와 자유형 엉치걸이 기술의 상관관계분석

현승현 ( Seung Hyun Hyun ),류재청 ( Che Cheong Ryew ) 제주대학교 해양스포츠센터 2013 해양스포츠연구 Vol.3 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyse the correlation ship among variables of the shoulder throwing & hip throwing technique in the stand wrestling. To achieve the study goal, Total 10 high school wrestling athletes(Greco-Roman Style, n=5, age: 17.20±1.48yrs, height: 166.00±4.18cm, body mass: 60.90±5.56kg, free style, n5, age: 17.8O±1.30yrs, height: 166.6±4.77cm, body mass: 65.18±10.81kg) participated in this study. The hip throwing of the free style showed more flexed Angular displacement in hip(right), knee(right) than that of the shoulder throwing of greco-roman style. The angular displacement of anterior-posterior tilting of trunk showed most flexed in the hip throwing, left-right angle showed the more extended posture than that of the shoulder throwing. The correlation of the shoulder throwing(right-hip) & hip throwing(right-knee) showed a positive corelation, and LR angle showed a positive correlation during the shoulder throwing & hip throwing technique in standing wrestling.

가상현실 기반 게임 중재가 지체장애 학생의 보치아 던지기 수행에 미치는 영향

조우련,박은혜 한국지체.중복.건강장애교육학회 2013 지체.중복.건강장애연구 Vol.56 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of virtual reality based game using Wii on Boccia throwing of 3 students with physical disabilities. Multiple probe design across subjects was used. The treatment is designed so that the students can enhance Boccia underhand throwing with a systematic teaching procedure of Wii bowling. The performance of Boccia throwing activity was analyzed by the throwing accuracy and distance. The throwing accuracy was calculated in an average score of 10 throws near and around a bowling pin standing on the concentric circle. The distance thrown was calculated in an average distance of 10 throws. The results of this study showed that both throwing accuracy and throwing distance increased significantly during the intervention, and it was maintained until 5 weeks after the intervention. This results showed that the instructional supports with Wii have a positive effect on the Boccia throwing performance for the students with physical disabilities. 본 연구에서는 가상현실 기반 게임이 지체장애 학생의 보치아 던지기 수행에 미치는 영향을 대상자간 중다간헐기초선 설계를 사용하여 검증하였다. 휠체어에 앉아 상체를 스스로 지지할 수 있는 지체장애 학생 3명을 대상으로 Nintendo Wii의 Wii Sports 볼링 프로그램을 활용한 중재를 체육시간과 특별활동 시간에 실시하였으며, 학생이 보치아 언더핸드 던지기 동작을 습득할 수 있도록 준비운동-보치아 던지기 관찰-가상 아바타 설정 및 실행-도구 사용 방법 설명 및 훈련-Wii 볼링 수행-정리운동의 단계로 시행하였다. 보치아 던지기 수행은 던지기 정확성과 멀리 던지기로 나누어 분석하였다. 연구 결과 Wii를 활용한 가상현실 기반 게임 중재가 지체장애 학생의 보치아 던지기 정확성 및 던지기 거리를 향상시켰으며, 이러한 변화는 중재 5주 후에도 유지되었음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 기존의 획일적이고 교사 중심적인 보치아 교수 방안에서 벗어나 학교 수업에서 손쉽게 활용될 수 있으며, 학생들의 흥미를 유발하고 적극적으로 학습에 참여하도록 하는 새로운 보치아 수행 지도 방안을 연구하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다.

The Effects of Core Strengthening Training on Baseball Throwing

이한기,정다은,이준철 국제물리치료연구학회 2016 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of core strengthening training on baseball throwing. A total of 14 subjects were recruited from among middle school baseball players. The main outcome measures were as follows: speed guns were used to measure the velocity of baseballs thrown; scored targets were used to measure throwing accuracy; and 50m measuring tapes were used to measure throwing distances. It was found that core strengthening training improved the velocity of baseballs thrown and throwing accuracy and distance. Thus, core strengthening training is effective for improving the throwing ability of baseball players.

The Effects of Core Strengthening Training on Baseball Throwing

Lee, Han Ki,Jung, Da Eun,Lee, Jun Cheol International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 2016 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of core strengthening training on baseball throwing. A total of 14 subjects were recruited from among middle school baseball players. The main outcome measures were as follows: speed guns were used to measure the velocity of baseballs thrown; scored targets were used to measure throwing accuracy; and 50m measuring tapes were used to measure throwing distances. It was found that core strengthening training improved the velocity of baseballs thrown and throwing accuracy and distance. Thus, core strengthening training is effective for improving the throwing ability of baseball players.

The Effects of Core Strengthening Training on Baseball Throwing

Han Ki Lee,Da Eun Jung,Jun Cheol Lee 국제물리치료학회 2016 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of core strengthening training on baseball throwing. A total of 14 subjects were recruited from among middle school baseball players. The main outcome measures were as follows: speed guns were used to measure the velocity of baseballs thrown; scored targets were used to measure throwing accuracy; and 50m measuring tapes were used to measure throwing distances. It was found that core strengthening training improved the velocity of baseballs thrown and throwing accuracy and distance. Thus, core strengthening training is effective for improving the throwing ability of baseball players.

양궁 드로잉 국면에서 상지의 운동학적 요인 평가

김진호(Kim Jin-Ho) 한국체육과학회 2010 한국체육과학회지 Vol.19 No.3

The purpose of this study was to investigate kinematic factors of the upper limbs during throwing important in archery. For this study, 6 male archers(21±2 yrs ,77±13 kg, 178±5 cm) of K university participated in the experiment. The seven infrared cameras (Qualisys MCU-240) were used to acquire raw data, and analyzed with Visual3D for variables. The results were as follows: First, the smaller angles and angular velocities of the elbow joint for throwing arm got, the entry got during an throwing phase. Second, the higher abduction and velocity of elbow joint were similar entry archer. Third, external rotation of the body was very small, and external rotation of the body was smaller unentry archer during throwing.

과제와 환경의 제약이 다트 던지는 동작에 미치는 영향

임용현,김남균 한국인지및생물심리학회 2018 한국심리학회지 인지 및 생물 Vol.30 No.2

Two experiments were directed at postural coordination in dart throwing. Darts can be thrown using only the elbow and wrist while keeping the rest of the body stationary. In order to introduce variability in the coordination pattern, distances to the target (Experiment 1), and the characteristics of support surface (Experiment 2) were varied. Dart throwing data were obtained using a wireless motion tracking system via sensors attached to the index finger, wrist, elbow, shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle of the right side (the throwing hand) with additional sensors attached to the head and the left shoulder, for a total of 9 sensors. Cross-correlations between joints (wrist-elbow, wrist-shoulder, wrist-hip, wrist-knee, wrist-ankle, elbow-shoulder, elbow-hip, elbow-knee, elbow-ankle, shoulder-hip, shoulder-knee, shoulder-ankle, hip-knee, hip-ankle, and knee-ankle) were used to construct coordination patterns. The standard deviations of the head and the right shoulder motion were used to assess body sway. In each condition of target distance (Experiment 1) and support surface (Experiment 2), participants threw darts 20 times, preceded by 20 practice throws. Different patterns of coordination arose as a function of target distance and support surface. Coupling strengths between joints were rearranged to cope with different demands imposed by different task constraints. Of particular interest was the finding that body sway was minimal in the narrow beam condition, less than in the wide plank or yoga mattress condition. Results suggest that the motor control system accomplishes a goal-directed movement by reassembling the multijoint kinematic chain dynamically under different task constraints. 본 연구에서는 다트 던지는 동작이 자세유지 체계와 어떻게 협응을 이루는지 두 개의 실험을 실시하여 검증하였다. 실험 1에서는 Fitts 법칙에 따라 표적과의 거리를 이용하여 과제 난이도를 변화시켰으며, 실험 2에서는 지지면의 재질과 크기(나무 바닥, 고무판, 좁은 목재보)를 변화시켜 자세 유지를 교란하여 다트 던지는 동작과의 상호작용을 유도하였다. 실험의 조작이 다트 던지는 동작과 자세유지에 미치는 영향을 수행 결과, 운동 패턴 및 흔들림 정도로 나누어 분석하였다. 수행 결과는 반경오차, 가변오차 및 수행점수로 분석하였으며, 운동 패턴은 운동추적기의 센서로 수집한 시계열 자료로부터 추출한 관절(손목, 팔꿈치, 어깨, 엉덩이, 무릎, 발목)의 각도 변화 값들을 상호 비교한 교차상관 분석값들을 사용하여 분석하였다. 마지막으로 신체의 흔들림 정도는 머리의 앞뒤 및 좌우 흔들림, 어깨의 앞뒤 및 좌우 흔들림 정도를 운동시간 동안 센서의 움직인 거리를 표준편차로 변환한 값을 사용하여 분석하였다. 실험 결과 운동통제 체계가 과제의 변화로 주어진 제약(더 빠른 가속력)이나 환경의 변화로 주어진 제약(자세유지의 어려움)에 대처하여 다분절 운동 사슬을 기능적으로 재구성하여 역동적으로 대처한다고 결론 내렸다.

관절운동의 제한이 던지기 동작의 운동역학적 변인에 미치는 영향

정용우(Yong Woo Jung),김규완(Kyu Wan Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2007 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.30

The purpose of this study were a) To identify the effect on the bio-mechanical variables when joint motion is limited in ball throwing. b) To clarify contribution of each joint/segment in ball throwing. Seven male college students were participated in the experiment and they thrown a ball in 6 position - limited right wrist, right elbow, left arm, right knee, left knee and normal. Video image, E.M.G data, Ground reaction force data were collected when subjects performed their task. Some bio-mechanical variables were calculated for each subject and for each position. The means and standard deviations of variables were calculated for each position, and those were tested by paired sample t-Test. Followings are the conclusions. 1. Throwing distance: normal=38.1m, limited wrist=27.6m, limited elbow=24.4m, limited right knee=28.7m, limited left knee=30.3m, limited left arm=29.6m. They showed significant difference between normal and limited some joint. 2. Duration of throwing motion: normal=0.706S, limited wrist=0.686S, limited elbow=0.682S, limited right knee=0.677S, limited left knee=0.663S, limited left arm=0.677S. They did not show significant difference between normal and limited any joint. 3. Moving distance of C.O.G. in the sagittal plane: limited right knee were shorter than normal. 4. Moving distance of the ball in the sagittal plane: Shorter than normal when limited any joint. in the frontal plan: limited wrist and elbow were longer than normal. 5. Ground reaction force: R/L Min. Limied right knee, left knee, right elbow were larger than normal. R/L mean: Limited right knee were larger than normal. A/P mean; limited elbow were larger than normal. U/D min. and max.; limited right knee were larger than normal. 6. The order of muscle activation was changed when a joint motion was limited, rectus femoris and biceps femoris were activated earlier. 7. Mean amplitude of biceps brachialis when limited left arm and of gastrocnemius when limited wrist were less than normal. 8. The contribution ratio of each joint which calculated by throwing distance were wrist=27.1%, elbow=35.1%, right knee=24.4%, left knee=20.1%, left arm=21.7%.

시각 및 청각 자극을 동반한 훈련 방법이 20대 여성의 공 던지기 운동 숙련도에 미치는 영향

신보라 ( Bo-ra Sin ),백다은 ( Da-eun Beck ),김호동 ( Ho-dong Kim ) 대한신경치료학회 2015 신경치료 Vol.19 No.3

The purpose of his study was to find out the effect of physical training with visual and auditory feedback for throwing skill in 20``s women. Methods The 30 subjects were participated in this study and randomly divided to three groups: physical training group, physical training with visual feedback, physical training with auditory feedback. We used softball game ball and instructed participation to over the head throwing. Degree of Skill was measured by scoring that the number of the balls exactly pointed the target. Target size was 180*180 and distance between line of throwing and target was 20m. Training was performed five times a week for two weeks. The subjects were instructed to throw 15 balls each and the accuracy of throwing was measured. Results There was significantly difference between pre and post training in three groups(p<.05). There was not significantly relationship of improving degree of throwing skill according training methods. Conclusion We suggest that physical training and physical training with visual and auditory feedback was effective training for improving motor skill and need more longitudinal study to find out influence of visual and auditory feedback.

주의 집중 방법이 다트 던지기 역학에 미치는 영향

김혜리 ( Hye Ree Kim ),공세진 ( Se Jin Kong ),김수연 ( Soo Yeon Kim ),이기광 ( Ki Kwang Lee ) 한국운동역학회 2013 한국운동역학회지 Vol.23 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different types of attentional focus(internal focus vs. external focus) on the dart throwing mechanics. Seven expert dart throwing athletes were assigned to an internal focus group and other seven athletes were assigned to an external focus group. Each group was asked to throw dart either under verbal instruction or without instruction. During dart throwing, accuracy(radial error), consistency(bivariate variable error), dart velocity, acceleration, elbow joint ROM, elbow joint angular velocity, EMD(electromechanical delay), iEMG of biceps brachii and triceps brachii, and CI(coactivation index) were collected and analyzed. Nither instruction type nor instruction itself affected in accuracy and consistency. However, in dart velocity and acceleration, there was an interaction between instruction and attentional focus types. Velocity and acceleration increased in the internal condition, where as they decreased in the external condition. The ROM of elbow joint did not affected by instruction and attention type. However, similar to dart velocity and acceleration, angular velocity increased in internal focus group, while it decreased in external focus group. EMG showed no difference with any condition. In conclusion, internal focus is better than external focus for dart throwing.