自汗과 盜汗의 기전에 대한 고찰 : 역대 의서의 논설을 중심으로

윤기령(Yun Ki-ryoung) 대한한의학원전학회 2020 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Objectives : 自汗과 盜汗에 대한 역대 논설을 수집, 검토함으로써 두 증상의 기전 설명의 변화와 각각의 기전, 그리고 두 증상의 관계에 대해서 살펴보는 것이다. Methods : 四庫全書 등 검색 DB에서 나온 自汗과 盜汗의 기전을 언급한 역대 의서의 내용을 분석하고, 自汗과 盜汗의 각각의 기전과 둘의 관계에 대해서 살펴보았다. Results & conclusion : 盜汗의 원인을 陰虛로 보기 시작한 이유는 朱丹溪의 滋陰 중시, 當歸六黃湯의 처방구성, 金元이후 火熱病機의 발전을 들 수 있다. 傷寒盜汗은 邪氣가 半表半裏에 있는데, 이미 손상된 表의 衛氣가 더욱 虛해지거나, 衛氣와 함께 들어간 邪氣가 陰을 흔들거나, 衛氣가 안으로 갈 때 正邪抗爭으로 熱이 나서 땀이 난다고 볼 수 있다. 雜病盜汗은 陰虛함을 틈타 衛氣가 과도하게 들어와 表가 虛하거나, 들어온 衛氣가 상대적으로 陰보다 많아 熱이 나서 땀이 난다고 볼 수 있다. 밤에 陰이 길러지지 않고 소모되면서 밤에 길러져야 할 衛氣가 더욱 虛해져서 땀이 난다고도 볼 수 있다. 自汗의 범주에 盜汗이 포함되는 경우 自汗은 衛氣 자체가 虛한 것으로 盜汗보다 衛氣의 운행 체계가 무너진 것으로 이해할 수 있다. Objectives : The aim of this paper is to examine the mechanisms of spontaneous sweating and night sweating, their relationship and how the explanations of their mechanisms have changed over the course of time, through examination of past discussions on spontaneous sweating and night sweating. Methods : Contents in classical medical texts that mention the mechanisms of spontaneous sweating and night sweating among search results from databases such as the Siku Quanshu were analyzed, followed by examination of each of their mechanisms, and their relationship with each other. Results & Conclusions : The cause of night sweating before the 『Danxixinfa』 was seen to be caused by yang deficiency in relation to problems of Exterior Qi and the theory of Heart governs perspiration , as the focus was on the phenomenon of sweating. However, it seems that yin deficiency came to be seen as playing a more fundamental role in the process of determining the root cause of night sweating. Moreover, Zhu Danxi s emphasis on nurturing yin, the composition of Dangguiliuhuangtang, and the development of the fire-heat pathology since the Jin Yuan period added to this shift in perspective. Night sweating from Shanghan could be seen as a sign of the already damaged Exterior Qi becoming more deficient while the pathogenic qi is in the half-exterior-half-interior zone, or as the pathogenic qi which entered with the Exterior Qi unsettling yin, or as a result of heat that is produced in the struggle between healthy qi and pathogenic qi that happens when Exterior Qi enters. Night sweating from miscellaneous disease could be seen as a sign of a deficient exterior that resulted from excessive entering of the Exterior Qi during yin deficiency, or resulting from relatively excessive Exterior Qi to deficient yin, producing heat that leads to sweating. If yin is not cultivated during the night but rather consumed leading to deficiency of Exterior Qi which also needs to be cultivated during night time, it could result in sweating.

Long-term aerobic training augments peripheral sudomotor sensitivity to acetylcholine : Physical training modifies peripheral sudomotor mechanisms

Lee, Jeong Beom,Yoon, Kyoo Tae,Choi, Jeong Hwan,Kim, Hong In,Seong, Ki Hong,Esther, Tchai,Shunichi, Yamashita 한국유산소운동과학회 1999 한국유산소운동과학회지 Vol.3 No.1

Higher sweating in trained, compared to sedentary men has been attributed to differences in the peripheral sweating mechanisms, although such mechanisms have not been completely investigated in comparative terms. The aim of this study is to quantitatively investigate the peripheral sudomotor adaptive mechanisms attributed for greater sweating in endurance-trained athletes as opposed to sedentary men. To do this, we compared sudomotor activities to acetylcholine(ACh) iontophoresed in the fore arm skins of trained versus untrained subjects. Changes in fore arm skin blood flow(SBF), skin and body temperatures, sweating rate(SW), sweat onset time(SOT), active sweat gland density (SGD), and single sweat gland output(SGO) were measured. Training-related differences were observed for SBF, SW, SOT, SGD, SGO and skin temperature. Peripheral SW [axon-reflex(AXR), 2.88±0.94 vs 2.02±0.88, and direct (DIR) 6.77±1.29 vs 5.19±0.0.86; for the trained and untrained respectively] were 43% and 30% higher in the endurance-trained compared to the untrained men. SOT was 0.41 min earlier, SGD was 15%, SGO 50 and SBF 2 fold higher in the endurance-trained men. Maximum VO2 was higher in the endurance-trained compared to the sedentary. Furthermore, when VO2 was regressed against sweat output, the endurance-trained had higher correlation (r2=0.89, P<0.0001) than that of the sedentary (r2=0.33, P<0.05), suggesting that proportionally less amount of sweat was used for heat dissipation in the trained. It was concluded that endurance-trained athletes had higher sweat outputs due to the combinations of a higher sweat output per activated sweat gland, shorter lag phase for sweating, higher number of activated sweat glands and higher skin blood flow than those of non-trained sweats.

FCP 8 Hypersensitivity reaction to autologous sweat in patients with atopic dermatitis

( Gwang Hoon Kim ),( Seung Ju Yun ),( Tae Han Kim ),( Nam Hee Sung ),( Seung Ho Lee ),( Ai Young Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.2

Background: Sweat hypersensitivity, which could be seen in patient with atopic dermatitis (AD) and cholinergic urticarial(CU), is set of immune reaction to autologous sweat via antigen-specific Immunoglobulin E. In patient with sweat hypersensitivity, AD and CU both could be exacerbated by sweating Objectives: To investigate association between AD and hypersensitivity reaction to autologous sweat. Methods: 33 AD patients whose symptoms aggravate after sweating were included in the Dongguk University Ilsan hospital. Sweat samples were collected during the exercise test. We carried out skin prick test and intradermal test with autologous sweat. And also performed the tests with autologous sweat and methacholine in order to exclude the relevance of CU. Before the intradermal skin test, skin prick test was proceeded. Results: Two and 29 of 33 patients revealed positive to skin prick test and intradermal tests to autologous sweat, respectively. Among the 29 sweat-positive patients, 13 and 2 were positive in the skin test with methacholine and autologous serum, respectively. Among 13 methacholine-positive patients, two patients developed wheals on exercise tests Conclusion: Hypersensitivity to autologous sweat could be seen in most of AD patients whose symptoms aggravate after sweating. Although 13 patients had positive skin reaction to methacholines, only two were definitely diagnosed as CU among the sweat hypersensitivity patients. Antihistamines can ameliorate symptoms of AD as well as CU

Comparison of the Direct and Axon - Reflex Mediated Sweatings in Warm and Normothermic Skin during Acetylcholine and VIP Iontophoresis

( Lee Jeong-beom ),( Lee Suk-in ) 한국체육학회 1998 한국체육학회지 Vol.37 No.4

인간의 피부상태를 Normothermic조건(NSK)과 Warm조건(WSK)에 있어서 NSK acetylcholine (ACh)에 의한 발한 유도가 ACh 및 VIP를 통해서 발한에 미치는 영향을 조사했다.이를 위하여 NSK과 NSK에 있어서 교감신경의 발한운동활동검사는 Quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test(QSART)를 이용하여 ACh와 VIP 및 ACh+VIP 혼합투여시 각 10%를 투여하고 5분간에 걸쳐 Iontophoresis를 실시했다.실험대상자는 8명의 건강한 남자대학생으로, 신장은 173±5.4cm, 체중은 65±7.0kg, 연령은 22±3.3세였다.축색반사(AXR) 발한출현시간(SOT)은 NSK보다 NSK에 있어서 ACh 단독투여시 0.38min이고 ACh+VIP 혼합투여시 0.42min로 단축되었다.ACh+VIP 혼합투여시와 ACh 단독투여시를 비교하면 NSK에서는 ACh+VIP가 ACh보다 0.2min로 단축되었으며, WSK에 있어서는 ACh+VIP가 ACh 단독투여보다 0.27min가 단축되었다.ACh 단독투여의 경우, NSK보다 WSK가 축색반사에 의한 반응과 직접자극(DIR)에 의한 반응으로 각각의 발한량이 32%와 20%의 증가율을 나타내었다.Coiontophoresis의 WSK에 있어서는 ACh유도가 AXR에서는 28%의 발한량이 증가하였으며, VIP의 DIR에서는 16%의 발한량증가와 전위상승으로 ACh유도가 AXR에서는 50%발한량과 DIR에서는 20%의 발한량이 증가했다.NSK에 있어서의 VIP투여의 경우에는 AXR은 무반응이었으나 DIR에서는 미약한 발한이 나타났다. 그러나 WSK에 있어서의 VIP투여의 경우 126%발한량의 증가가 나타났다.이와 같은 결과를 통하여 제안할 수 있는 점은 ACh활동에 있어서 VIP의 전위상태상승효과의 영향을 주는 것은 NSK보다 WSK의 조건에 있어서 보다 많은 발한운동에 영향을 주었으며 운동수행에 따른 VIP활동에는 내인성의 방출상승이 발한에 유리한 작용을 주는 것으로 생각할 수 있다. The sudorific effects of acetylcholine (ACh) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on ACh-induced sweating in normothermic and warm human skin were investigated. Sweat onset time (SOT) during ACh and ACh+VIP iontophoresis in warm skin (WSK) were 0.38 and 0.42 min earlier, respectively, compared to normothermic skin (NSK). ACh+VIP iontophoresed together reduced the SOT by 0.2 min in NSK and 0.27 min in WSK compared to ACh alone. Iontophoresis of ACh alone, induced axon-reflex mediated (AXR) and direct (DIR) sweatings; with AXR and DIR sweat volumes being 32% and 20% higher in WSK compared to NSK. Coiontophoresis of ACh and VIP led to 28% and 16% increase in AXR and DIR sweat responses in WSK, and potentiated the ACh-induced AXR and DIR sweating responses by 50% and 20% respectively. VIP iontophoresis in NSK induced no AXR, but mild DIR sweating. VIP iontophoresis in WSK resulted in an exaggerated (126% increase) DIR sweating response. There was a 3 fold increase in AXR and DIR sweat outputs during coiontophoresis of ACh+VIP compared to VIP alone. These results suggest that VIP has potentiatory effects on ACh action, with the effects being more pronounced in warm rather than normothermic skin and raise the possibility that release of endogenous VIP may influence sweating in human skin during exercise.

소아(小兒) 한증(汗症)에 대한 임상적(臨床的) 고찰(考察)

윤지연,김윤희,Yoon, Ji-Yeon,Kim, Yun-Hee 대한한방소아과학회 2003 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical characteristic and correlation with growth and weakness of children with excessive sweating. The study was progressed in children with excessive sweating who visited Dong-Eui Oriental Medical hospital from may to june, 2003. The results were as follows: 1. The growth numerical value on height and weight of children with excessive sweating was normal range ( height: p-value=0.089 >0.05, weight: p-value= 0.622>0.05). 2. In sweating region, head and neck 46.7%, forehead 23.3%, whole body 16.7%, back 10.0%, hand and foot 3.3%. In sweating time, sleeping 53.3%, acting 20.0%, uncertainty 20.0%, eating 3.3%, tense situation 3.3%. 3. In family history of excessive sweating, 'yes' was 65.2%, 'no' was 34.8%. 4. The growth numerical value on height did not concerned with sweating region and time, but in group in 75 marks, 'head and neck' was many. 5. The growth numerical value on weight have no concern with sweating region, but sweating time(F=3.312, p-value=0.026 <a=0.05). 6. In relationship of sweating and weakness, weak children was 22. And the frequency was respiratory system 17, digestive 4, psychoneurotic 1, There was no urinary and musculoskeletal system.

땀 속 바이오마커 수집 및 분석을 위한 마이크로 플루이딕 땀 센서

정준엽(JunYeob Chung),이상영(SangYoung Lee),황순재(SunJae Hwang),현하영(HaYoung Hyun),최정일(Jungil Choi) 대한기계학회 2020 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2020 No.12

Sweat consists of 99% water and 1 % biomarkers. By using these biomarkers, we can expect the disease such as stroke, dehydration and diabetes. Stroke and diabetes are the critical disease so all patients have to monitor their health condition. Chloride levels and sweat loss can be the good factor for preventing stroke and dehydration. Moreover, glucose is the important factor for diabetic. Here, we present soft, skin interfaced microfluidic sweat sensor for detecting not only glucose and chloride but also the sweat rate. Human studies demonstrate the analytical possibility of glucose and chloride in sweat. Also, this sweat sensor shows the high potential in collecting sweat by demonstrating the correlation between sweat collection and total sweat loss. We expect this sweat sensor can help people to detect and monitor their health condition.

汗出의 病因病機에 對한 文獻的 小考

田炳薰,陸相元,李光揆 대한동의병리학회 1996 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.10 No.2

땀이란 人體內에서 體溫을 調節하고 老廢物을 排泄하는 등의 중요한 生理作用을 한다고 알려져있다. 韓醫學에서는 津液의 一種이라하여 汗出에 대한 警覺心을 强調하기도 하였으며 發汗法에 대한 重要性과 이것으로 因한 後遺症을 警告하기도 하였다. 이에 筆者는 正常的인 新陳代謝로서의 땀이 生理機能失調로 인한 非正常的인 땀이나 汗蒸 혹 찜질방 등의 人爲的인 發汗으로 인한 땀과는 本質的으로 差異點이 있을 것으로 思料되어 땀에 대한 여러 가지 文獻을 整理하여 발표하고자 한다. It is known sweat plays important roles in temperature regulation and secretion as phtsical action. In oriental medicine, it is regarded as a kind of dody fluids, and the importance and the side effects of excessive eprspiration were emphasized. The objective of this study is to investigate literature and introduce the results because there will be the difference between the usual sweat for metastasis and the extraordinary sweats by failure of physical funciton, sauna and other artificial perspiration. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Swteat is a kind of body fluid and the sweat for physical is considered to be made up of water component and made by the weakness of defensive energy of lung. 2. The function of activity of gi by triple heater brings about the thin and clear fluid and the fluid is made by the opening and closing function of defensive energy. 3. The disorder of opening and closing function comes about sponataneous perspiration and night sweats, spontaneous perspiration is divided into disharmony between Ying and Wei, insufficiency of both the spleen and the lung of gi and so on, and night sweats is divided into deficiency of the heart blood and deficiency of Yin brings about interior heat-syndrome. 4. Swear is named variously. 1) By the time and feeling : spontaneous perspiration, night sweats. 2) By the perts of body : perspiration on the forehead, chest, nose, groin, hand and foot and so forth. 3) By the color : yellow, red, green sweat. 4) By the condition : perspiration after shivering, hot and cold sweats and so on.

한약 단독 치료로 호전된 소양인 환자의 도한 : 후향적 증례보고 6례

이민정,이지연,황민우,Lee, Min-jung,Lee, Jiyeon,Hwang, Min-woo 사상체질의학회 2021 사상체질의학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Introduction This study is the first to report a significant improvement of Soyangin patients with persistent night sweats through herbal medicine treatment. Methods We reviewed the total of 6 Soyangin patients with moderate to severe persistent night sweats who visited the outpatient clinic. The patients received herbal medicine treatment alone for 4 to 9 weeks. We evaluated the treatment outcome using Night Sweats Degree criteria, developed by Lea and Aber(1985), every other 2 to 4 weeks. In addition, we recorded the treatment period from the first visit to symptom alleviation. Results Persistent night sweats improved significantly in all 6 Soyangin patients, and 4 out of 6 patients had better sleep quality after the treatment. It took 1 to 3 weeks until the symptom alleviated from moderate or severe to mild, and 3 to 7 weeks until the patients have no sign of night sweating. The progression of persistent night sweats and treatment period until no sign of symptom varied according to the Soyangin External and Internal disease diagnosis. Discussion The Soyangin patients having persistent night sweats treated with herbal medicines showed a significant improvement in their symptoms. This result proposes the possibility of using herbal medicine in primary care patients experiencing persistent night sweats.

오일/왁스 구조의 열적 특성과 Sweating과의 상관관계

윤세영 ( Sei Young Yun ),김정일 ( Jung Il Kim ) 한국공업화학회 2013 공업화학 Vol.24 No.2

Sweating, which is the excretion of oil on the surface of a solid product containing several kinds of pigments in oil and is also solidified with wax, is a unique phenomenon often observed on the surface of cover make-up or lipstick. The cause of sweating is an imbalanced formula. Many studies have been conducted to decrease the symptoms of sweating in the field of cosmetics. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a thermo-analytical technique that measures the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of a sample as a function of temperature or time under certain conditions. DSC has been used to determine the thermal properties of oil/wax structures. This study investigates how the thermal characteristics correlate with the sweating symptoms. An oil/wax formulation with an optimal melting point was studied in an attempt to make a stable product by considering the thermal properties that represent minimal structural changes with temperature variation. In addition, the sweating of the oil/wax formulation was observed over a various temperature range. As a result, it was found that sweating was minimized when the structure remained static or little bit changed over a variety of temperatures.

『스웨트』(Sweat)의 수행적 연출 방법 연구

홍석현,조준희 인문콘텐츠학회 2022 인문콘텐츠 Vol.- No.65

Lynn Nottage's Sweat is a play that reveals the everyday aspects of American workers with a wide variety of performative characteristics and simulacre daily life. The American workers lived in a crisis due to the effects of globalization and neoliberalism. The various aspects of humans in the play are expressed in everyday space so that the audience can perceive the play beyond the limits of represented plays. in Korea, previous studies on the performative characteristics of Sweat are usually limited to establishing theories, and there is no research on directing approaches. This is because the play is relatively new and its premiere in Korea was postponed due to COVID-19. Therefore, this paper aims to identify the performative characteristics and simulacre daily life that appear in Sweat and to suggest a effective directing method. analysis of the play was carried out first, and then based on the analysis, we found the performative characteristics in Sweat were '1. Anxiety and Violent Physicality', '2. Dual Spatiality', '3. Soundness of Voice and News', '4. Timeliness through dismantling and reconstruction'. In order to strengthen the analyzed performative characteristics, '1. Reinforcement of Simulacre daily life', '2. Scenography for creating performative atmosphere' were presented as directing methods. a result, it was able to effectively break down the boundaries between the play and daily life, and the audience recognized the acts on the stage as reality rather than fiction. Furthermore, it strengthened the materiality and atmosphere of the play and led to the coexistence of actors and audiences. I hope that this study will be helpful in studying the director's approach based on the performative characteristics of modern plays and expects to be a small cornerstone of following research on Sweat. 린 노티지(Lynn Nottage)의 『스웨트』(Sweat)는 세계화와 신자유주의의 영향으로 인해 노동계급의 붕괴를 겪으며 위기 속에서 살아가고 있는 미국 노동자들의 일상적인 모습들을 다양한 수행적(Performative) 특성과 시뮬라크르적 일상성을 통해 드러내고 있는 연극이다. 작품에 드러나는 인간들의 다층적인 모습들을 일상적 공간 안에서 표현함으로써 관객들에게 환영적 연극의 경계를 벗어난 새로운 일상적 지각을 촉구한다. 그러나 국내에서는 『스웨트』공연의 수행적 특성에 대한 선행연구는 주로 희곡의 분석에 머물러 있어 연출 접근방법에 대한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 그래서 본고는 에리카 피셔-리히테(Erika Fischer-Lichte)의 「수행성의 미학」의 관점을 기반으로 『스웨트』에 나타나는 수행적 특성들과 시뮬라크르적 일상성을 파악하고, 이를 효과적으로 구현할 수 있는 연출 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 먼저 『스웨트』작품 분석을 진행한 후 이를 바탕으로 『스웨트』에 나타난 수행적 특성을 '1. 불안하고 폭력적인 육체성', '2. 이중적 공간성', '3. 목소리와 뉴스의 소리성', '4. 해체와 재구성을 통한 시간성'으로 분석하였다. 분석한 수행적 특성을 강화하기 위해 시뮬라크르(Simulacre)와 시노그래피(Scenography)의 측면에서 접근하여 '1. 시뮬라크르적 일상성 강화', '2. 수행적 분위기 창출을 위한 시노그래피'의 연출 방법을 도출하였다. 본 연구가 『스웨트』의 수행적 특성을 강화하는 연출 접근방법 연구에 일조하고, 나아가 『스웨트』에 관한 후속연구의 작은 초석이 되기를 기대해 본다.