Characterization of Road Runoff and Performance Assesment of Hydrodynamic Filter Separator

이준호,방기웅 한국도시환경학회 2010 한국도시환경학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Storm runoff from road contains significant loads of micro particles, heavy metals and organic constituents. The majority of storm runoff pollution is trapped in particles smaller than 100 μm in diameter. Storm water data collected from two road sites in the Chungbuk, Korea areas to characterize the road runoff. The quantity of road runoff and quality constituents, including COD, SS, TKN, PO4-P, TP, Fe, Cd, Cu, Cr and particle size distribution were analyzed. There were three major objectives of this study. The first objective was to characterize the road runoff and first flush. The second objective was to measure and evaluate particle size distribution of the road runoff. The final objective was the assessment of the hydrodynamic filter separator (HDFS) for treatment of micro particle in road runoff. Because many road runoff pollutants are associated with micro particles, new device called hydrodynamic filter separator has been developed for the treatment of road runoff.

도로 표면 강우 유출 해석 알고리즘 개발

조준범(Jun Beom Jo),김정수(Jung Soo Kim),곽창재(Chang Jae Kwak) 응용생태공학회 2021 Ecology and resilient infrastructure Vol.8 No.4

일반적으로 도심지에서의 유출은 도로 노면을 따라 유출되어 빗물받이를 통해 우수관거로 배수된다. 따라서 적절한 도로 배수능력의 평가는 도로와 빗물받이 뿐만 아니라 우수관거의 설계에서도 필수적이다. 하지만 도시 도로부의 지형학적 및 수리학적 조건을 반영한 흐름해석 방안에 대한 명확한 기준이 제시되어 있지 못한 실정이다. 그러므로 기존에 적용되던 흐름해석모형(등류/ 부등류) 및 도달시간 산정방법 (임계/고정)을 분석하여 최적의 도로의 흐름해석 방안이 제시되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 도로 표면 흐름해석을 위한 알고리즘을 개발하고 등류와 부등류 흐름해석 모형 및 도달시간 산정방법을 매개변수로 적용한 수치적 분석을 수행하여 다양한 도로조건에서의 강우 유출특성을 모의하였다. 도로조건은 국내의 설계기준을 고려하여 2차선 도로의 폭 (6 m)과 경사 (도로 종경사 1 - 10%, 도로 노면경사 2% 및 측구 횡경사 2 - 10%)가 고려되었다. 또한, 도로 표면의 흐름은 노면경사를 따라 측구에서 차집되어 하류부의 빗물받이를 통해 배수되도록 하였으며, 측구의 폭은 0.5 m로 선정하였다. 모의 결과 도로의 유출특성은 도로 경사 조건에 따라 민감하게 변화하였으며, 부등류 해석모형이 도로의 하류부로 강우가 차집되며 변화하는 측구부에서의 유출특성을 반영하여 등류 흐름해석 모형에 비해 최대 23.66%, 평균 11.80% 긴 도달시간과 최대 9.50%, 평균 4.73% 작은 도로 표면 총 유출량을 나타냈다. 따라서, 우수 유출량을 산정하기 위하여 도달시간을 강우의 지속시간으로 반영하는 임계지속시간을 적용한 부등류 흐름해석을 수행하는 것이 적합하다고 판단되었다. 개발된 알고리즘은 다양한 흐름해석 기법을 통합하여 도로 노면에서의 유출특성을 정밀하게 모의하고 있으므로 도로의 배수 설계에 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. In general, stormwater flows to the road surface, especially in urban areas, and it is discharged through the drainage grate inlets on roads. The appropriate evaluation of the road drainage capacity is essential not only in the design of roads and inlets but also in the design of sewer systems. However, the method of road surface flow analysis that reflects he topographical and hydraulic conditions might not be fully developed. Therefore, the enhanced method of road surface flow analysis should be presented by investigating the existing analysis method such as the flow analysis module (uniform; varied) and the flow travel time (critical; fixed). In this study, the algorithm based on varied and uniform flow analysis was developed to analyze the flow pattern of road surface. The numerical analysis applied the uniform and varied flow analysis module and travel time as parameters were conducted to estimate the characteristics of rainfall-runoff in various road conditions using the developed algorithm. The width of the road (two-lane (6 m)) and the slope of the road (longitudinal slope of road 1 - 10%, transverse slope of road 2%, and transverse slope of gutter 2 - 10%) was considered. In addition, the flow of the road surface is collected from the gutter along the road slope and drained through the gutter in the downstream part, and the width of the gutter was selected to be 0.5 m. The simulation results were revealed that the runoff characteristics were affected by the road slope conditions, and it was found that the varied flow analysis module adequately reflected the gutter flow which is changed along the downstream caused by collecting of road surface flow at the gutter. The varied flow analysis module simulated 11.80% longer flow travel time on average (max. 23.66%) and 4.73% larger total road surface discharge on average (max. 9.50%) than the uniform flow analysis module. In order to accurately estimate the amount of runoff from the road, it was appropriate to perform flow analysis by applying the critical duration and the varied flow analysis module. The developed algorithm was expected to be able to be used in the design of road drainage because it was accurately simulated the runoff characteristics on the road surface.

인공강우실험에 의한 임도노면의 지표유출량 및 토양유실량 평가

유송 ( Song Eu ),( Qiwen Li ),이은재 ( Eun Jai Lee ),임상준 ( Sangjun Im ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2015 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Unpaved forest roads are common accessways in mountain areas being used for forestry purposes. The presence of forest roads produces large volumes of surface runoff and sediment yield due to changes in soil properties and hillslope profile. Rainfall simulation experiments were conducted to estimate the impacts of above-ground vegetation and antecedent soil water condition on hydrology and sediment processes. A total of 9 small plots(1m×0.5m) were installed to represent different road surface conditions: no-vegetation(3 plots), vegetated surface(3 plots), and cleared vegetation surface(3 plots). Experiments were carried out on dry, wet, and very wet soil moisture conditions for each plot. Above ground parts of vegetation on road surface influenced significantly on surface runoff. Runoff from no-vegetation roads(39.24L) was greater than that from vegetated(25.05L), while cleared-vegetation condition is similar to no-vegetation roads(39.72L). Runoff rate responded in a similar way to runoff volume. Soil erosion was also controlled by land cover, but the magnitude is little than that of surfacerunoff. Even though slight differences among antecedent soil moisture conditions were found on both runoff and soil erosion, runoff rate and soil losses were increased in very wet condition, followed by wet condition. The experiments suggest that vegetation cover on forest road surface seems most effective way to reduce surface runoff and soil erosion during storm periods.

연구논문 : 도로 유형별 비점오염원 유출특성 분석

윤영삼 ( Young Sam Yoon ),권헌각 ( Hun Gak Kwon ),이윤정 ( Youn Jung Yi ),유재정 ( Jay Jung Yu ),이춘식 ( Chun Sik Lee ),이재관 ( Jae Kwan Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2010 한국환경과학회지 Vol.19 No.11

Growth in population and urbanization has progressively increased the loading of pollutants from nonpoint sources as well as point sources. Especially in case of road regions such as city trunk road, national road and highway are rainfall and pollutants runoff intensive landuses since they are impervious and emit a lot of pollutants from vehicle activity. This research was conducted to investigate the nonpoint sources concentration and quantifying stormwater pollutants which are contained in rainfall runoff water. Three different monitoring sites in Jinju and Changwon city were equipped with an automatic rainfall gauge and flow meter for measuring rainfall and the volume of rainfall runoff. In the case of average EMC value, city trunk road was shown the highest value in target water quality items like as BOD, COD, SS, TN and TP. Or the amount of runoff loads by water quality items showed the highest value in city trunk road. And runoff load in city trunk road was 43.8 times high value compared to highway by value of city trunk road 356.7 mg/m2, highway 8.150 mg/m2, national road 19.99 mg/m2 in the case of BOD.

청양-홍성간 도로에서의 강우 시 비점오염 유출특성 및 오염부하량 분석

이춘원,강선홍,안태웅,양주경 대한상하수도학회 2011 상하수도학회지 Vol.25 No.2

Nowadays, the importance of non-point source pollution treatment is being emphasized. Especially, the easy runoff characteristic of highly concentrated pollutants in the roads makes the circumstance more complicated due to impermeability of roads. When the pollutants flow into steam it could make water quality in stream worse and it also causes a bad influence in the aquatic ecosystem because the effluents of rainfall-runoff may contain indecomposable materials like oil and heavy metals. Therefore, we tried to figure out the property of non-point source pollution when it is raining and carried out an assessment for the property of runoff for non-point source pollution and EMC (Event Mean Concentrations) of the essential pollutants during this study. As the result of the study, the EMC was BOD 5.2∼21.7 mg/L, COD 7.5∼35.4 mg/L, TSS 71.5∼466.1 mg/L, T-N 0.682∼1.789 mg/L and T-P 0.174∼0.378 mg/L, respectively. The decreasing rate of non-point pollutant in Chungyang-Hongsung road indicates the maximum decrease of 80% until 5 mm of rainfall based on SS concentration; by the rainy time within 20∼30 minutes, the decreasing rate of SS concentration was shown as 88.0∼97.6%. Therefore it was concluded that it seems to be possibly control non-point pollutants if we install equipments to treat non-point pollutants with holding capacity of 30 min. It is supposed that the result of this study could be used for non-point pollutants treatment of roads in Chungyang-Hongsung area. We also want to systematically study and consistently prepare the efficient management of runoff from non-point source pollution and pollutant loading because the characteristics of non-point source pollution runoff changes depending on different characteristics and situations of roads and rainfall.

도로 노면의 형상과 강우의 임계 지속시간을 고려한 적정 우수 유출량 산정 및 영향분석

이종태,김영란,김갑수,윤세의,박영민 대한상하수도학회 2003 상하수도학회지 Vol.17 No.2

When calculating the storm runoff from road surface, it is recommendable to introduce the critical duration of rainfall by means of the RUNOFF (SWMM) model, or the Rational method with the travel time values of the kinematic wave' or Kerby's equation modified by multiplying the correction factor of 2.3 or 1.1, respectively. But the travel time of 5-10 minutes suggested in the Guide Manual for Sewer Design is too long to use for calculating road surface runoff. The peak runoff rate increases as the road sectional slope increases, whereas it shows the opposite results for an increase in the longitudinal slope. Also, the effects of the width and length of the road on the surface runoff rates increases greatly, as their values increase.

포스터 발표 : 수질관리 ; 강우시 교량도로 유출수 수질 및 입경분포

이준호 ( Jun Ho Lee ),조용진 ( Yong Jin Cho ),방기웅 ( Ki Woong Bang ),최창수 ( Chang Su Choi ) 대한상하수도학회 2007 공동추계 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

Water quality constituents, and particle size distributions were characterized in urban bridge road runoff. Bridge road runoff contains significant loads of micro-particles, heavy metals and organic constituents. Bridge road runoff was monitored on four sites of four and size lane bridge road areas along with traffic volume. A total eleven storm events were monitored to characterize the bridge road runoff. The quantity of road runoff and quality constituents, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN), ortho-phosphorus (PO4-P), total phosphorus (TP), and particle size distribution were analyzed. The results indicate that the concentration of SS, COD, TN and TP ranges were 35-2,390mg/L, 40~1,274mg/L, 0.03~21.25mg/L, and 0.05~4.58mg/L respectively. And the results showed that the mean range of particle size and D90 for bridge road runoff were 4.75~14.05㎛ and 17.33~58.15㎛, respectively.

강우시 교량도로 유출수 수질 및 입경분포

조용진(Yong Jin Cho),이준호(Jun Ho Lee),방기웅(Ki Woong Bang),최창수(Chang Su Choi) 大韓環境工學會 2007 대한환경공학회지 Vol.29 No.12

도시지역 하천으로 직접 배출되는 교량도로 유출수의 수질과 입자의 유출특성을 파악하고자 강우 유출수 시료를 분석하였다. 도로유출수에는 미세입자물질, 중금속, 유기물질 성분을 다량 함유하고 있다. 교통량이 많은 4차선과 6차선 도로 4개 지점을 대상으로 총 7회의 강우 시료를 채수하여 분석하였다. 분석항목은 유량, COD, SS, T-N, T-P, PO₄-P 그리고 입경분포이다. 도로유출수 수질농도 범위는 SS 35~2,390 mg/L, COD 40~1,274 mg/L, T-N 0.03~21.25 mg/L, T-P 0.05~4.58 mg/L으로 조사되었다. 교량도로유출수의 입경을 분석한 결과 DMean값의 범위는 4.75~14.05 μm이고 D90입경의 범위는 17.33~58.15 μm로 분석되었다. Water quality constituents, and particle size distributions were characterized in urban bridge road runoff. Bridge road runoff contains significant loads of micro-particles, heavy metals and organic constituents. Bridge road runoff was monitored on four sites of four and six lanes bridge road areas along with traffic volume. A total seven storm events were monitored to characterize the bridge road runoff. The quantity of road runoff and quality constituents, including chemical oxygen demand(COD), suspended solids(SS), total nitrogen(T-N), orthophosphorus(PO₄-P), total phosphorus(T-P), and particle size distribution were analyzed. The results indicate that the concentrations of SS, COD, T-N and T-P ranges were 35~2,390 mg/L, 40~1,274 mg/L, 0.03~21.25 mg/L, and 0.05~4.58 mg/L, respectively. And the results showed that the mean range of particle size and D90 for bridge road runoff were 4.75~14.05 μm and 17.33~58.15 μm, respectively.

고속도로 노면 청소에 따른 강우시 유출오염부하 저감 효과 분석

강희만,윤현식,이두진 대한상하수도학회 2012 상하수도학회지 Vol.26 No.6

In this study, to evaluate the abatement of runoff pollution loads by the road sweeping(cleaning), various investigations are implemented at the sample area of the highway. As the results of evaluating the removal efficiency of pollutants along road cleaning, TSS showed about 78 % of the removal efficiency and COD showed 49 % of removal efficiency through the operation of cleaning vehicle of vacuum suction method. In case of TN and TP, they showed the relatively-lower removal efficiency by 30 ~ 35 %. TSS removal efficiency along the number of cleaning appeared about 60 % in case of one time of cleaning and the additional removal effect did not appear though the number of cleaning increased to two times. With running speed of cleaning vehicle, TSS removal ratio is lessened from 60 % to 20 % when cleaning vehicle speed up to 20 km/hr from 6 km/hr. It seems that the reasons why the removal efficiencies are inversely proportional to its speed are related to the lower vacuum efficiencies and the disturbed particles on the road. In the pollutant build-up analysis, it is showed that it takes more time to the critical pollutant build-up in the shoulder than the center of the road. It is also showed that the proper cleaning cycle is recommended as 4 ~ 6 dry weather days without rainfall events. In this study, to evaluate the abatement of runoff pollution loads by the road sweeping(cleaning), various investigations are implemented at the sample area of the highway. As the results of evaluating the removal efficiency of pollutants along road cleaning, TSS showed about 78 % of the removal efficiency and COD showed 49 % of removal efficiency through the operation of cleaning vehicle of vacuum suction method. In case of TN and TP, they showed the relatively-lower removal efficiency by 30 ~ 35 %. TSS removal efficiency along the number of cleaning appeared about 60 % in case of one time of cleaning and the additional removal effect did not appear though the number of cleaning increased to two times. With running speed of cleaning vehicle, TSS removal ratio is lessened from 60 % to 20 % when cleaning vehicle speed up to 20 km/hr from 6 km/hr. It seems that the reasons why the removal efficiencies are inversely proportional to its speed are related to the lower vacuum efficiencies and the disturbed particles on the road. In the pollutant build-up analysis, it is showed that it takes more time to the critical pollutant build-up in the shoulder than the center of the road. It is also showed that the proper cleaning cycle is recommended as 4 ~ 6 dry weather days without rainfall events.

도로(아스팔트 및 콘크리트)에서 유출되는 빗물의 수질오염물질 항목 비교

김성범 ( Kim Seongbeom ),이재현 ( Lee Jaehyun ),( Muhammad Yaqub ),이원태 ( Lee Wontae ) 한국물환경학회 2020 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2020 No.-

The control of non-point source pollutants (NPSP) is critical to achieving good surface water quality. Thus, the contribution of road runoff has received increased attention recently. This study monitored the runoff characteristics of NPSP, including suspended solids, particle size distribution, organic matter, and heavy metals concentration from asphalt (A) and concrete roads (B). Water quality parameters, including BOD, COD, and nutrients of the runoff receiving reservoirs were also studied. Event means concentration (EMC) value is used as measuring criteria. The EMC values of suspended solids concentration at sites A and B were 18.81 and 22.54 mg/L, respectively. The particle size distributions at site A were 10.7, 31.6, and 387 μm while 11.2, 43.6, and 507μm at site B for D10, D50, and D90, respectively. The EMC value at site A (0.675 mg/L) was significantly higher than site B (0.148 mg/L) in the testing of organic matter. The concentration of heavy metals was similar for both sites A and B. Moreover, water quality analysis of the runoff receiving reservoir showed satisfactory results for BOD, COD, and nutrient concentrations. The runoff concentration of suspended solids and particle size distribution was higher at site B. The organic matter concentration of site A was higher than site B; might be associated with the location of roads. Therefore, the road’s construction material is one factor that determines the characteristics of NPSP in road runoff.