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권헌각 ( Hun Gak Kwon ),이재운 ( Jae Woon Lee ),이윤정 ( Youn Jeong Yi ),신석호 ( Suk Ho Shin ),이춘식 ( Chun Sik Lee ),이재관 ( Jae Kwan Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.3
The MFFn(Mass First Flush) was analyzed for various rainy events(monitoring data from 2008 to 2009) in Transportation area(Highway, National road, Trunk road). Estimated MFFn using SWMM was evaluated by comparison with observed MFFn. MFFn was estimated by varying n-value from 10% to 90% on the rainy events. The n-value increases, MFFn is closed to ``1``. As time passed, the rainfall runoff was getting similar to ratio of pollutants accumulation. The result of a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between observed data and expected data under model was good (R2=0.89). Pollutants runoff loads by volume showed Highway 26.6%, National road 44.8%, Trunk road 35.0% at the MFF20(20% by total runoff). A case of MFF30, pollutants runoff loads by volume showed Highway 40.2%, National road 54.3%, Trunk road 46.8%. According to the results, Initial precipitation basis were Highway MFF30, National road MFF20, Trunk road MFF30 when the Non-Point source control facilities set up.
권헌각 ( Hun Gak Kwon ),이재운 ( Jae Woon Lee ),이윤정 ( Youn Jeong Yi ),윤영삼 ( Young Sam Yoon ),이춘식 ( Chun Sik Lee ),이재관 ( Jae Kwan Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2011 한국물환경학회지 Vol.27 No.5
The first flush phenomenon and the Mass First Flush (MFFn) were analyzed for various rainy events in trunk road. Applicability for estimate MFFn using SWMM was evaluated by comparision with observed MFFn. First flush phenomenon was investigated by normalized cumulated (NCL) curve of every pollutant based on ten times of rainfall events monitoring data from 2008 to 2009. As a result, magnitude of first flush phenomenon varied with the pollutants and rainfall events. First flush phenomenon was detected highly in the trunk road. MFFn was estimated by varying n-value from 10 to 90% on the rainfall events. The n-value increases, MFFn is closed to ``1``. As time passed, the rainfall runoff was getting similar to ratio of pollutants accumulation. The result of a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between observed data and expected data under model was good (R2=0.956). As the final outcome, we have good reliability, estimation and application of MFFn using model seem statistically possible.
BASINS/HSPF 모형을 활용한 비점오염부하의 정량적 평가
이재운 ( Jae Woon Lee ),권헌각 ( Hun Gak Kwon ),이윤정 ( Youn Jeong Yi ),윤종수 ( Jong Su Yoon ),한건연 ( Kun Yeun Han ),천세억 ( Se Uk Cheon ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.8
Loading of NPS pollutant was valued through simulation by using BASINS/HSPF model which can simulate runoff volume in rainfall by time. For the verification of the model, it was analyzed the scatter diagram of the simulation value and measure value of water quality and runoff volume in Dongcheon estuary. Using the built model, a study on the time-variant characteristics of runoff and water quality was simulated by being classified into four cases. The result showed the simulation value was nearly same as that of the measured runoff, In the result of fit level test for measured value and simulated value, correlation of runoff volume was computed high by average 0.86 and in the water quality items, fit level of simulation and measurements was high by BOD 0.82, T-N 0.85 and T-P 0.79.
윤영삼 ( Young Sam Yoon ),권헌각 ( Hun Gak Kwon ),이윤정 ( Youn Jung Yi ),유재정 ( Jay Jung Yu ),이춘식 ( Chun Sik Lee ),이재관 ( Jae Kwan Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2010 한국환경과학회지 Vol.19 No.11
Growth in population and urbanization has progressively increased the loading of pollutants from nonpoint sources as well as point sources. Especially in case of road regions such as city trunk road, national road and highway are rainfall and pollutants runoff intensive landuses since they are impervious and emit a lot of pollutants from vehicle activity. This research was conducted to investigate the nonpoint sources concentration and quantifying stormwater pollutants which are contained in rainfall runoff water. Three different monitoring sites in Jinju and Changwon city were equipped with an automatic rainfall gauge and flow meter for measuring rainfall and the volume of rainfall runoff. In the case of average EMC value, city trunk road was shown the highest value in target water quality items like as BOD, COD, SS, TN and TP. Or the amount of runoff loads by water quality items showed the highest value in city trunk road. And runoff load in city trunk road was 43.8 times high value compared to highway by value of city trunk road 356.7 mg/m2, highway 8.150 mg/m2, national road 19.99 mg/m2 in the case of BOD.
윤영삼 ( Young Sam Yoon ),권헌각 ( Hun Gak Kwon ),이윤정 ( Youn Jung Yi ),유재정 ( Jay Jung Yu ),이재관 ( Jae Kwan Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2010 한국환경과학회지 Vol.19 No.7
Agriculture nonpoint pollution source is a significant contributor to water quality degradation. To establish effective water quality control policy, environpolitics establishment person must be able to estimate nonpoint source loads to lakes and streams. To meet this need for orchard area, we investigated a real rainfall runoff phenomena about it. We developed nonpoint source runoff estimation models for vineyard area that has lots of fertilizer, compost specially between agricultural areas. Data used in nonpoint source estimation model gained from real measuring runoff loads and it surveyed for two years(2008-2009 year) about vineyard. Nonpoint source runoff loads estimation models were composed of using independent variables(rainfall, storm duration time(SDT), antecedent dry weather period(ADWP), total runoff depth(TRD), average storm intensity(ASI), average runoff intensity(ARI)). Rainfall, total runoff depth and average runoff intensity among six independent variables were specially high related to nonpoint source runoff loads such as BOD, COD, TN, TP, TOC and SS. The best regression model to predict nonpoint source runoff load was Model 6 and regression factor of all water quality items except for was R2=0.85.
윤영삼 ( Young Sam Yoon ),권헌각 ( Hun Gak Kwon ),이재운 ( Jae Woon Lee ),유재정 ( Jay Jung Yu ),이재관 ( Jae Kwan Lee ) 한국환경과학회 2011 한국환경과학회지 Vol.20 No.8
This study analyzed the characteristics of stormwater runoff in the orchard areas and quantitatively estimated effluence of nonpoint source pollutants for the volume of runoff. Two target areas under vine cultivation were each 2,000㎡and 1,800㎡, located in Gyeongju City. Since grape was the only crop on the target area, the characteristics of stormwater runoff at vineyard could be evaluated independently. A total of 51 rainfall events in the vineyard area during two years(2008-2009) was surveyed, and 19 of them became stormwater runoff, with rainfall ranging 16.5 - 79.7 mm and antecedent dry period of 1-13 days. The pollutant runoff loads by volume of stormwater runoff showed BOD ranging 19.5 - 45.3% in 30% of runoff volume. The average pollution discharge rate was 32.4%, indicating small first flush effect of BOD. The range of SS concentrations was 5 -52.0% in 10% of runoff volume, showing the average 28.7% of discharge rate, about 3 times more than rainfall effluent. TOC and TN appeared to be similar to the results of BOD, the average discharge rate of 30.9% and 30.6% for TOC and TN, respectively, for 30% of stormwater runoff volume. Average discharge rate of COD and TP in the same runoff volume was 35.1% and 36%, respectively, showing comparatively high discharge ratio. As the targeted vineyard area was permeable land, the pollution load ratio against rainfall-runoff volume appeared to be 1:1, implying no strong first flush effect for all the survey items.
김해시 물 순환 개선 도시계획에 의한 비점오염물질 저감효과 분석
정강영 ( Kang-young Jung ),김신 ( Shin-kim ),권헌각 ( Hun-gak Kwon ),양득석 ( Duk Seok Yang ),김교식 ( Kyosik Kim ),장광진 ( Kwang-jin Jang ),신동석 ( Dong-seok Shin ),안정민 ( Jung-min Ahn ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.11
This study was performed to analyze the effects of a water circulation green area plan on non-point source pollution in Gimhae South Korea. A quantitative analysis of Arc-GIS data was conducted by applying a watershed model based on Fortran to investigate the changes to direct runoff and pollution load. Results showed that prior to the implementation of the water circulation green area plan in Gimhae, direct runoff was 444.05 m<sup>3</sup>/year, total biological oxygen demand (BOD) pollution load was 21,696 kg/year, and total phosphorus (TP) pollution load was 1,743 kg/year. Implementation of the development plan was found to reduce direct runoff by 2.27%, BOD pollution load by 1.16% and TP pollution load by 0.19% annually. The reduction in direct runoff and non-point source pollution were attributed to improvements in the design of impermeable layers within the city.
이재운 ( Jae Woon Lee ),이윤정 ( Youn Jeong Yi ),권헌각 ( Hun Gak Kwon ),윤종수 ( Jong Su Yoon ),이춘식 ( Chun Sik Lee ),천세억 ( Se Uk Cheon ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.8
This study analyzed the characteristics of stormwater runoff by rainfall type in orchard areas and transportation areas for 2 years (2010~2011year). Effluents were monitored to calculate the Event Mean Concentrations (EMCs) and runoff loads of each pollutant. The pollutant EMCs by volume of stormwater runoff showed the ranges of BOD 0.9~13.6 ㎎/L, COD 13.7~45.2 ㎎/L, SS 4.1~236.4 ㎎/L, T-N 2.123~21.111 ㎎/L, T-P 0.495~2.214 ㎎/L in the orchard areas, and was calculated as BOD 2.3~22.5㎎ /L, COD 4.4~91.1 ㎎/L, SS 4.3~138.3 ㎎/L, T-N 0.700~13.500 ㎎/L, T-P 0.082~1.345 ㎎/L in the transportation areas. The correlation coefficient of determination in the orchard area was investigated in the order of Total Rainfall (0.81) > Total Runoff (0.76) > Rainfall Intensity (0.56) > Rainfall Duration (0.46) > Antecedent Dry Days (0.27). Also, in the case of the transportation area was investigated in the order of Total Rainfall (0.55) > Total Runoff (0.54) > Rainfall Intensity (0.53) > Rainfall Duration (0.24) > Antecedent Dry Days (0.14). As the result, comparing valuables relating to runoff of non-pollutant source between orchard areas and transportation areas, orchard area(R2 ≥ 0.5: X3, X4, X5) was investigated to have more influence of diverse independent valuables compared to the transportation area(R2 ≥ 0.5: X3, X4) and the difference of discharge influence factor by the land characteristics appeared apparently.