<i>In situ</i> cardiac regeneration by using neuropeptide substance P and IGF-1C peptide eluting heart patches

Shafiq, Muhammad,Zhang, Yue,Zhu, Dashuai,Zhao, Zongxian,Kim, Dong-Hwee,Kim, Soo Hyun,Kong, Deling Oxford University Press 2018 Regenerative biomaterials Vol.5 No.5

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Cardiovascular diseases cause huge socio-economic burden worldwide. Although a mammalian myocardium has its own limited healing capability, scaffold materials capable of releasing stem cell recruiting/engrafting factors may facilitate the regeneration of the infarcted myocardium. The aim of this research was to develop cardiac patches capable of simultaneously eluting substance P (SP) and insulin-like growth factor-1C (IGF-1C) peptide. Polycaprolactone/collagen type 1-based patches with or without SP and IGF-1C peptide were fabricated by co-electrospinning, which exhibited nanofibrous morphology. SP and IGF-1C/SP patches recruited significantly higher numbers of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells than that of the negative control and patch-only groups <I>in vitro</I>. The developed patches were transplanted in an infarcted myocardium for up to 14 days. Mice underwent left anterior descending artery ligation and received one of the following treatments: (i) sham, (ii) saline, (iii) patch-only, (iv) IGF-1C patch, (v) SP patch and (vi) IGF-1C/SP patch. SP and IGF-1C/SP patch-treated groups exhibited better heart function and attenuated adverse cardiac remodeling than that of the saline, patch-only and individual peptide containing cardiac patches. SP patch and IGF-1C/SP patch-treated groups also showed higher numbers of CD31-positive vessels and isolectin B4-positive capillaries than that of other groups. IGF-1C/SP-treated group also showed thicker left ventricular wall in comparison to the saline and patch-only groups. Moreover, IGF-1C/SP patches recruited significantly higher numbers of CD29-positive cells and showed less numbers of Tunel-positive cells compared with the other groups. These data suggest that SP and IGF-1C peptides may act synergistically for <I>in situ</I> tissue repair. </P>

금북정맥 주변 산림조각의 경관생태학적 해석

장갑수,Jang, Gab-Sue 한국조경학회 2007 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.35 No.1

The objective of this study was to delineate forest patches in the cities around the Geum-buk mountains at the north of the Geum River using multiplesatellite remote sensing data. Landsat visible and near-infrared satellite images obtained at multiple dates in the growing season were used to create a forest distribution map. Fragstats 3.3 was used to get the landscape indices delineating the distribution of forest patches. Additional ground truth data was used to assess the accuracy of the classification. Factor analysis was used to get the 26 landscape indices clustered into 4 factors. Factor I was labeled as' size of forest patches', factor II as 'fragmentation of forest patches', factor III as 'shape of forest patches', and factor IV as 'complexity of forest patches'. Factor I described large patches and their core area, while others did small patches and their shape and complexity. Cities including Cheonan, Gongju, Cheongyang, and Boryeong near the main ridge of the Geumbuk Mtns. had a small number of large-sized forest patches. However, cities including Taean, Seosan, Dangjin, Hongseong near the ridge of the western Geumbuk Mtns. had a large number of small-sized forest patches. Finally, this study showed that the region near the coast line in Chung-nam province has various types of forest patches having an irregular forest edge due to the elevation and slope lower than the one of the region far from the coast line which is near the ridge of the Geum-buk Mountains. Remote sensing data were useful to understand the distribution of forest patches, and landscape indices could be keys to delineate the relationship between forest patches. And the factor analysis, which simplified 26 landscape indices into 4 landscape patterns allowed us to understand the distribution and relationship of forest patches in an easy way.

Single dose pharmacokinetics of the novel transdermal donepezil patch in healthy volunteers

Kim, Yo Han,Choi, Hee Youn,Lim, Hyeong-Seok,Lee, Shi Hyang,Jeon, Hae Sun,Hong, Donghyun,Kim, Seong Su,Choi, Young Kweon,Bae, Kyun-Seop Dove Medical Press 2015 Drug design, development and therapy Vol.9 No.-

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Donepezil is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor indicated for Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, single-dose, dose-escalation study was to investigate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of the donepezil patch in healthy male subjects.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Each healthy male subject received a single transdermal donepezil patch (72 hours patch-on periods) of 43.75 mg/12.5 cm<SUP>2</SUP>, 87.5 mg/25 cm<SUP>2</SUP>, or 175 mg/50 cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Serial blood samples were collected up to 312 hours after patch application. The plasma concentrations of donepezil were determined by using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained by noncompartmental analysis. Tolerability of the patches and performance of the patches (adhesion, skin irritation, residual donepezil content in the patch) were assessed throughout the study.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The study was completed by 36 healthy subjects. After patch application, the maximal plasma donepezil concentration (C<SUB>max</SUB>) and the area under the curve (AUC) increased in a dose-proportional manner. Median time to C<SUB>max</SUB> was ~74–76 hours (~2–4 hours after patch removal), and mean t<SUB>1/2β</SUB> was ~63.77–93.07 hours. The average donepezil residue in the patch after 72 hours was ~73.9%–86.7% of the loading dose. There were neither serious adverse events nor adverse events that lead to discontinuation. Skin adhesion of the patch was good in 97.2% of the subjects. All skin irritations after patch removal were mild and were resolved during the study period.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The donepezil patch appeared to be generally well tolerated and adhesive. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the donepezil patch demonstrated linear kinetics.</P>

파스류 첩부제의 디자인 사용성 개선을 위한 연구

최승위,김면 인제대학교 디자인연구소 2019 Journal of Integrated Design Research (JIDR) Vol.18 No.4

Background Recently, the over-the-counter pain relief solution industry as a whole has been seeing a growth. In the pain relief market, the demand for Ketoprofen-treated patches that are single-component products has been increasing. However, pharmaceutical companies tend to overlook consumers’ satisfaction in product usability even though there has also been an increase in the number of complaints by the consumers that are looking for adhesive pain relief patches. From our research, we have learned that the top 3 brands in the over-the-counter Ketoproten-treated patch market have been producing very similar products with a standardized patch size and shape. This research was conducted to refine the inconveniences that adhesive patch users are experiencing by re-designing the patch. Methods In this study, we first researched users’ dissatisfaction in terms of its adhesive property by analyzing the data from a consumer survey (conducted by Embrain), retailer (CKD Pharm) and online articles. Secondarily, we interviewed ever users who had ever experienced both market products and the new patch that was re-designed to remain on the skin better. We are suggesting the final design of a pain relief patch on the basis of the research and the reviews. Result Rather than offering a patch with standardized size and shape, Kefem provided two different types of patches; (1) an oval-shaped patch, and (2) a compact-sized rectangular patch with a hole in the middle. As a result, it has greatly enhanced the consumers’ satisfaction in terms of usability as the shape of the product now allows the patch to fit better to different body parts. The rectangular patch can be used on tricky spots such as a heel, knee, and elbow while the oval-shaped patch would serve the wider areas better (i.e., neck, wrist, and thigh). Conclusion We successfully refined the inconveniences in terms of its adhesive property by re-designing an adhesive pain relief patch. Through interviews of coffee shop staff and customer who have frequently used pain relief patches, we found that the efficacy and usability was noticeably improved when offered upgraded patches with two different shapes as they were more adjustable to each body part. It is meaningful that we found the re-designing is one of the factors that enhances consumer confidence of a pain reliefa patch and the competitiveness of the product itself in the Ketoproten-treated patch market. 연구배경오늘날 약국에서 판매하는 파스류 유형별 전체시장은 지속적으로 증가하고 있다. 이 중 단일성분인 케토프로펜제제 첩부제의 수요가 증가 추세로 확인되었다. 이에 반해 단일성분인 케토프로펜제제의 첩부제를 사용하는 소비자들은 뗄 때 엉겨붙거나 활동 시 말려올라가는 사용상의 불편함이 발생되어 지고 있는 것으로 나타났지만, 제약기업은 소비자의 디자인 사용성 측면에는 신경을 쓰지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 현재 약국에서 판매되는 상위 3개 제품의 케토프로펜제제 첩부제는 과거부터 현재까지 획일적인 형태와 크기로 판매가 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 소비자의 첩부제 리디자인을 통해 사용성을 개선하고자 한다. 연구방법본 연구에서는 조사업체(엠브레인)의 자료와 판매업체(종근당)자료, 온라인 기사를 분석하여 소비자관점에서 첩부제 사용성에 대한 불편함과 첩부제가 국소부위 환부 주변에 잘 점착될 수 있도록 첩부제의 형태를 리디자인하여 개선하고, 이를 첩부제 사용경험이 있는 소비자에게 현재 판매되고 있는 제품과 개선한 제품을 테스트하고, 인터뷰를 하여, 첩부제 디자인 안을 제안한다. 연구결과현재 1가지 타입인 직사각형 형태의 첩부제 대비 한 개의 첩부제에 두 가지 타입의 디자인을 제공함에 따라 환부의 여러 위치에 사용할 수 있어 유용한 결과가 확인되었고, 특히 가운데 타원형이 뚫린 직사각형의 타입은 무릎과 팔꿈치에 사용성이 좋았으며, 타원형의 타입은 목, 손목, 무릎 주변에 붙이기 편리하고 사용성이 좋다는 소비자의 반응을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론소비자관점에서 첩부제 사용성에 대한 불편함과 첩부제가 국소부위 환부 주변에 잘 점착될 수 있도록 첩부제의 형태를 리디자인하여 개선하였으며, 이를 첩부제 사용경험이 있는 커피숍종사와 방분고객에게 테스트한 결과 현재 판매되고 있는 제품 대비 한 개의 첩부제에 두 가지 타입으로 나뉘어져 있어 신체의 여러 부위에 사용할 수 있는 장점과 경제성 그리고 활동 시 말려올라가는 사용성이 개선되었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 이처럼 첩부제 디자인 개선으로 현재의 소비사회에서 케펨 첩부제의 경쟁력 제고와 제품에 대한 소비자신뢰도를 올리고 케토프로펜제제 첩부제 중 경쟁우위 선상에 올릴 수 있는 가능성을 열수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Development of a dry patch model for critical heat flux prediction

Choi, J.Y.,NO, H.C.,Kim, J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER - Vol.100 No.-

The concern regarding passive safety systems and corium-cooling related to severe accidents has been raised following the Fukushima accident. As a critical heat flux (CHF) is a predominant restricting factor of the heat removal capacities of both types of safety systems, a number of researches have been performed to understand and improve the CHF. Through recent experimental observations, it is known that a dry patch plays an important role in CHF initiation. We developed a dry patch model based on these observations. There exist quenchable and unquenchable dry patches at high wall heat fluxes. Experimental observation shows that the formation of unquenchable dry patches is the main source of CHF initiation. In the dry patch model, we proposed thermal and hydraulic criteria for the onset of the unquenchable dry patch at a high heat flux. An unquenchable dry patch with a critical size can be generated when the following two criteria are satisfied. As a hydraulic criterion, we assume that the coalescence of the whole dry spots occurs, generating a dry patch if all of them are in contact. As a thermal criterion, we consider the temperature of the dry patch. An unquenchable dry patch will be formed if its peripheral temperature reaches the Leidenfrost temperature, such that it may not be rewetted even with bubble detachment. The critical size of the dry patch is obtained by CFD simulation such that its peripheral temperature is equivalent to the Leidenfrost temperature. The wall dry area fraction can be obtained by calculating the probability of the formation of the unquenchable dry patches satisfying both criteria for its critical size. We demonstrated that the dry patch model successfully predicted the experimental CHF data obtained in pool boiling and forced convective flow boiling of water.

Robust multi-atlas label propagation by deep sparse representation

Zu, Chen,Wang, Zhengxia,Zhang, Daoqiang,Liang, Peipeng,Shi, Yonghong,Shen, Dinggang,Wu, Guorong Elsevier 2017 Pattern recognition Vol.63 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Recently, multi-atlas patch-based label fusion has achieved many successes in medical imaging area. The basic assumption in the current state-of-the-art approaches is that the image patch at the target image point can be represented by a patch dictionary consisting of atlas patches from registered atlas images. Therefore, the label at the target image point can be determined by fusing labels of atlas image patches with similar anatomical structures. However, such assumption on image patch representation does not always hold in label fusion since (1) the image content within the patch may be corrupted due to noise and artifact; and (2) the distribution of morphometric patterns among atlas patches might be unbalanced such that the majority patterns can dominate label fusion result over other minority patterns. The violation of the above basic assumptions could significantly undermine the label fusion accuracy. To overcome these issues, we first consider forming label-specific group for the atlas patches with the same label. Then, we alter the conventional <I>flat and shallow</I> dictionary to a deep multi-layer structure, where the top layer (<I>label-specific dictionaries</I>) consists of groups of representative atlas patches and the subsequent layers (<I>residual dictionaries</I>) hierarchically encode the patchwise residual information in different scales. Thus, the label fusion follows the representation consensus across representative dictionaries. However, the representation of target patch in each group is iteratively optimized by using the representative atlas patches in each label-specific dictionary exclusively to match the principal patterns and also using all residual patterns across groups collaboratively to overcome the issue that some groups might be absent of certain variation patterns presented in the target image patch. Promising segmentation results have been achieved in labeling hippocampus on ADNI dataset, as well as basal ganglia and brainstem structures, compared to other counterpart label fusion methods.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Develop a novel multi-atlas patch based label fusion method; </LI> <LI> Alter the conventional flat and shallow dictionary to a deep multi-layer structure; </LI> <LI> Obtain more accurate label fusion results than conventional state-of-the-art methods. </LI> </UL> </P>

Transport and Decomposition of Leaf Litter as Affected by Aspect and Understory in a Temperate Hardwood Forest

Yoo, Gayoung,Park, Eun-Jin,Kim, Sun-Hee,Lee, Hye-Jin,Kang, Sinkyu,Lee, Dowon The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2001 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.5 No.4

Transport of colored papers and decomposition of leaf litter of Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, and Kalopanax pictus were investigated on three patches differentiated by aspect and understory in a temperate hardwood forest. Two patches are represented by dwarf bamboo (Patch SS) and herbaceous plants (Patch S), respectively, Iying on a south-west-facing slope. The other patch (Patch N) is located on a northeastfacing slope with herbaceous plants. Colored papers were placed on the patches to understand the pattern of litter movement on the ground. Papers were move dispersed in Patch S than in the other two patches. Some of the colored papers placed in Patch S moved upward. The results suggest that the litter movement is affected by aspect and that the leaf litter is retained by dwarf bamboo in Patch SS. Decay constant of Q. mongolica was significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of K. pictus and A. pseudo-sieboldianum. Decay rates of Q. mongolica were significantly different between Patches N and S and between Patches SS and S (p<0.05). On the other hand, decay rates of the other species were not significantly different among the three patches. The results suggest that aspect and understory exert an influence on redistribution and decomposition of leaf litter and that the effects could be different among the plant species.

니코틴패치의 금연효과에 대한 다기관 임상실험

유태우,신호철,최환석,이정권,김영식,조홍준,허봉렬 大韓家庭醫學會 1993 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.14 No.4-5

정상안에서 Pressure Eye Patch가 외안부에 미치는 영향

김재호,온영훈,신환호,정순국 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.1

Immobilizaiton of eyelids by pressure eye patch may relieve photophobia and some ocular pain. Although many ophthalmologists prefer pressure eye patch after operation and ocular trauma, it was not considered that eye patch may induce some ocular symptoms. We therefore studied the effects of pressure eye patch in normal eyes of healthy young adults. Thirty two medical students and doctors participated in this study. The pressure eye patch in normal eyes of healthy young adults. Thirty two medical students and doctors participated in this study. The pressure eye patch was applied for 14 hours on one eye of participants. Both eyes of all participants were examined twice, before and after patching. The examination included opthalmic examination and questionnaire of subject symptoms. Each symptom and sign was graded on a scale from 0 to 3. The scores were statistically evaluated by using the the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In group 1 (patched eyes), 30 of 32 participants had clinical symptoms and signs. In comparison between group 1 (patched eyes) and group 2 (unpatched eyes), participants in the group 1 had more symptoms and signs such as discomfort (P<0.01), itching (P<0.01), congestion (P<0.01) and irregular astigmatism (P<0.01). Thus we concluded that complicaitons of varialbe severity and shape were induced by eye patch in normal eyes. So we considered that Eye Patch ater operation and trauma may contribute the above mentioned complicaitons and we must doing this procedure cautously.

트리암시놀론 아세토니드를 함유한 구강점막 부착성 패치의 제조 및 평가

엥흐자야,여동기,박진석,이은주,이경록,박정숙 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2013 藥學論文集 Vol.28 No.-

The objective of this study was to prepare triamcinolone acetonide-loaded buccal adhesive patch. The adhesive patch was formulated by casting method using aqueous soluble polymer povidone K17 (PVP 17PF) as a film-forming agent and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) as an adhesive agent. To compare the effect of HPMC type, different molecular weight of K4M and K15M HPMC was used. The physicochemical properties of patches such as appearance, thickness, in vitro release, and adhesiveness were investigated. The concentration of triamcinolone acetonide was determined spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 240 nm. The appearance of prepared patches was semi-transparent, light-yellow or almost colorless, and odorless. Thickness of each patches (n=6) was 0.942 ± 0.026 mm for K4M patch and 0.703 ± 0.036 mm for K15M patch, respectively. In vitro release test, both K4M and K15M patches showed over 20% release within 30 min. At 120 min, K4M and K15M patches demonstrated 80% and 76% release of triamcinolone acetonide, respectively, and up to 240 min, both patches released drug completely. Maximum adhesive force of K4M and K15M patches was 4.66 ± 0.76 gf and 2.69 ± 0.90 gf, respectively. Moreover, it took 28.73 ± 0.44 sec and 28.68 ± 0.61 sec for K4M and K15M patch to peel off them after adhesion, showing no significant difference. In conclusion, thickness, in vitro release, and maximum adhesive force could be modulated by alteration of polymer types.