The Analysis on Forest Fire Occurrence Characteristics by Regional Area in Korea from 1990 to 2014 Year

Bo Ram Jeon,Hee Mun Chae 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.2

Understanding regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence is important to establish effective forest fire prevention policy in Korea. This study analyzed the characteristics of forest fires occurred in 16 administrative districts for recent 25 years (1990∼2014) to examine regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence. Forest fire occurrence reflects regional characteristics depending on climatic factors as well as region’s society-cultural factors. Results showed that the first cause of forest fire occurrence was carelessness by human activities throughout all administrative districts, however, the second cause depends on regional characteristics. As the results of forest fire occurrence period analyzed for 10 days, the most forest fires occurred in the southern region during January to March, while forest fires in the northern region occurred mostly during March to April. We classified forest fire occurrence patterns into three types (centralized: Gyeonggi-do, dispersal: Busan, horizontally distributed: Gyeongsangnam-do) by multi- temporal analysis for forest fire occurrence period.

손해보험에서의 사고(Occurrence) 횟수의 판단

조성극(Cho Sung Keuk) 한국보험법학회 2013 보험법연구 Vol.7 No.1

손해보험에서 사고(Occurrence) 횟수 판단의 문제란, 손해보험에서 보험사고를 1개의 보험사고로 판단할지 아니면 복수의 보험사고로 판단할지에 대한 문제이다. 보험약관에 사고(Occurrence)에 대한 정의 규정이 있는 경우, 그 정의 규정에 따라서 사고 횟수를 판단하여야 할 것이다. 그렇지만 정의 규정이 있는 경우에도, 구체적 사안에서 사고 횟수를 판단하는 것은 어려운 문제이다. 따라서 정의 규정이 있는 경우에도 사고 횟수를판단하는 적절한 기준이 필요하다. 더 나아가 보험약관에 사고에 대한 정의 규정이 없는 경우에는 더더욱 사고 횟수를 판단하는 적절한 기준이 필요하다. 이러한 적절한 기준으로, 원인(cause), 장소(locality), 시간(time), 의도(intent) 상 일체성(unity)을 요구하는 영국법상의 4개의 일체성 테스트(four unities' test)는, 우리나라의 보험사고에서도 유용한 기준이 될 수 있다고 판단한다. Determination of one occurrence under non-life insurance is an issue to determine whether a series of accidents may be deemed to one occurrence or plural occurrences. If there is a definition clause in the insurance policy, the determination of number of occurrences will depend on the definition clause. Even when there exists such a definition clause, to determine the number of occurrences in the actual case is a difficult task. Thus, there is a need for a proper criterion to determine the number of occurrences even when there exists a definition clause, not to mention the case when there is no such definition clause in the insurance policy. I believe that four unities' test requiring the unity of cause, locality, time, and intent, in order for the accidents to be considered 'one occurrence', which has been suggested by English case law, may also be a useful standard for Korean insurance law cases.

한국의 산불 발생과 기상인자와의 관계 분석에 관한 연구

전보람(Jeon Bo ram),채희문(Chae Hee mun) 한국방재학회 2017 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.17 No.5

본 연구는 26년간(1990~2015) 우리나라 산불 발생 통계를 활용하여 행정구역별 산불발생 특성과 산불 발생에 영향을 미치는 기상인자를 분석하였다. 행정구역별 산불발생확률 예측을 위해 Logistic regression을 실시하였으며 도출된 산불발생률(p값)과 실제 산불 발생일의 일치율을 비교하였다. 산불의 발생은 경상남도, 전라북도, 강원도에서 많았으며, 봄철 산불조심기간(특히 4월)에 높았다. 원인별로는 입산자 실화가 높은 비율을 차지했으며 시간대별로는 13:00~15:00, 요일별로는 주말에 산불 발생률이 높았다. 산불 발생에 영향을 주는 기상인자는 일 평균 상대습도(%), 최고기온(℃), 평균풍속(m/sec) 순으로 유의성이 높게 나타나 일 평균 상대습도(%)가 산불 발생에 가장 영향을 미치는 기상인자로 분석되었다. 또한 분석을 통해 도출된 행정구역별 산불발생률 대비 실제 산불 발생 건수의 일치율이 낮았는데 이는 본 연구에서 행정구역 단위의 기상인자 평균값을 사용했기 때문인 것으로 판단된다. This study analyzed on effect of weather factors to forest fire occurrence in administrative districts using to forest fire occurrence data during 26 year (1990 to 2015) of Korea. The logistic regression analysis be used to prediction of daily forest fire occurrence in each administrative district. The forest fire occurrence of Korea was concentrated in spring forest fire danger season and the rate of forest fire was occurred high in Gyeongsangsam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gangwon-do. The daily mean relative humidity (%), daily mean maximum temperature (℃) and daily mean wind speed (m/sec) were significant to forest fire occurrence. Comparing forest fire incidence (P value) with the actual forest fire occurrence (2015), prediction rate was analyzed. The actual forest fire occurrence day and predicted forest fire occurrence day (p value) was different in some administrative district because weather factors used for analysis were weather factors of weather stations on administrative district so that it was not able to reflect the exact weather conditions of the actual forest fire occurrence locations.

The Analysis on Forest Fire Occurrence Characteristics by Regional Area in Korea from 1990 to 2014 Year

Jeon, Bo Ram,Chae, Hee Mun Institute of Forest Science 2016 Journal of Forest Science Vol.32 No.2

Understanding regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence is important to establish effective forest fire prevention policy in Korea. This study analyzed the characteristics of forest fires occurred in 16 administrative districts for recent 25 years (1990~2014) to examine regional characteristics in forest fire occurrence. Forest fire occurrence reflects regional characteristics depending on climatic factors as well as region's society-cultural factors. Results showed that the first cause of forest fire occurrence was carelessness by human activities throughout all administrative districts, however, the second cause depends on regional characteristics. As the results of forest fire occurrence period analyzed for 10 days, the most forest fires occurred in the southern region during January to March, while forest fires in the northern region occurred mostly during March to April. We classified forest fire occurrence patterns into three types (centralized: Gyeonggi-do, dispersal: Busan, horizontally distributed: Gyeongsangnam-do) by multi-temporal analysis for forest fire occurrence period.

경제지표의 범죄발생에 대한 선행관계

주일엽 원광대학교 경찰학연구소 2018 경찰학논총 Vol.13 No.3

본 연구는 1972년부터 2016년까지 경제지표와 범죄발생을 연구대상으로 주요 경제지표의 주요 범죄발생에 대한 선행관계를 규명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 도출한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경제지표 증감률의 총범죄 증감률에 대한 선행성은 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경제지표 증감률의 형법범죄 증감률에 대한 선행성은 국내총생산(시차수 4), 국내총소득(시차수 4), 국민총소득(시차수 4), 최종소비지출(시차수 4) 등이 유의미하고, 노동소득분배율, 총저축율, 가계순저축률, GDP디플레이터 등은 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 경제지표 증감률의 재산범죄 증감률에 대한 선행성은 국내총생산(시차수 0), 국내총소득(시차수 4), 국민총소득(시차수 4), 최종소비지출(시차수 4), 가계순저축률(시차수 2), GDP디플레이터(시차수 0) 등이 유의미하고, 노동소득분배율은 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 경제지표 증감률의 강력범죄 증감률에 대한 선행성은 국내총생산(시차수 3), 국내총소득(시차수 3), 국민총소득(시차수 3), 최종소비지출(시차수 3), 노동소득분배율(시차수 6), 가계순저축률(시차수 4) 등이 유의미하고, 총저축율, GDP디플레이터 등은 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 경제지표 증감률의 특별범죄 증감률에 대한 선행성은 GDP디플레이터(시차수 2)가 유의미하고, 국내총생산, 국내총소득, 국민총소득, 최종소비지출, 노동소득분배율, 총저축율, 가계순저축률은 유의미하지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 연구 결과에 따른 제언은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 범죄발생을 설명하거나 예측할 수 있도록 다양한 심리적, 사회환경적, 경제적 원인(변인)을 도출할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서 경제지표 증감률의 범죄발생 증감률에 대한 선행관계를 정량적으로 분석한 점은 상당한 의의가 있으나 앞으로 경제적 원인(변인)을 포함한 다수의 교통사고 원인(변인)에 대한 규명이 진행되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 미국, 일본, 영국 등 주요국가 경제지표 증감률의 범죄발생 증감률에 대한 선행관계를 분석할 필요가 있다. 이를 통해 우리나라와 이들 국가 간의 유사점과 차이점을 분석하여 예측 가능한 치안 인력 및 장비 배치와 국가 차원의 치안정책 수립이 가능할 것이다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the precedence relation of the major economic indicators on the occurrence of major crime from 1972 to 2016. The results of this study are as follows. First, there were no significant precedence of relations of the increase/decrease rate of the economic indicators on the increase/decrease rate of the total crime occurrence. Second, there were significant precedence of the increase/decrease rate of Gross Domestic Product(time difference 4), Gross Domestic Income(time difference 4), Gross National Income(time difference 4), Final Consumption Expenditure(time difference 4) among the economic indicators on the increase/decrease rate of the criminal law crime occurrence. And, there were no significant precedence of Ratio of Compensation of Employees to NI, Total Savings Rate, Household Savings Rate, GDP Deflator among the economic indicators on the increase/decrease rate of the criminal law crime occurrence. Third, there were significant precedence of the increase/decrease rate of Gross Domestic Product(time difference 0), Gross Domestic Income(time difference 4), Gross National Income(time difference 4), Final Consumption Expenditure(time difference 4), Household Savings Rate(time difference 2), GDP Deflator(time difference 0) among the economic indicators on the increase/decrease rate of the property crime occurrence. And, there were no significant precedence of Ratio of Compensation of Employees to NI, Total Savings Rate among the economic indicators on the increase/decrease rate of the property crime occurrence. Fourth, there were significant precedence of the increase/decrease rate of Gross Domestic Product(time difference 3), Gross Domestic Income(time difference 3), Gross National Income(time difference 3), Final Consumption Expenditure(time difference 3), Ratio of Compensation of Employees to NI(time difference 6), Household Savings Rate(time difference 4) among the economic indicators on the increase/decrease rate of the violent crime occurrence. And, there were no significant precedence of Total Savings Rate, GDP Deflator among the economic indicators on the increase/decrease rate of the violent crime occurrence. Fifth, there were significant precedence of the increase/decrease rate of GDP Deflator(time difference 2) among the economic indicators on the increase/decrease rate of the special crime occurrence. And, there were no significant precedence of Gross Domestic Product, Gross Domestic Income, Gross National Income, Final Consumption Expenditure, Ratio of Compensation of Employees to NI, Household Savings Rate, Total Savings Rate, among the economic indicators on the increase/decrease rate of the special crime occurrence.

Occurrence status of three major insect pests in orchards in Chungbuk province from 2021 to 2022

Seongkyun Lee,Eunsol Yeon,Jongok Jeon,Hyunman Shin,Ju-Hyung Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

The occurrence status of eggs and adults of Pochazia shantungensis, Lycorma delicatula, and Lymantria dispar was investigated in the Chungcheongbuk-do region. The results showed that the overwintering eggs of P. shantungensis occurred in 24.2% of the region in 2021 and 22.1% in 2022, while adults occurred in 25.2% in 2021 and 24.3% in 2022, indicating the highest occurrence among the pests studies in this research. The occurrence of overwintering eggs of L. delicatula was relatively low, with 2.6% of the region affected in 2021 and 1.9% in 2022. Adults of L.delicatula occurred in 3.2% of the region in 2021 and 3.6% in 2022, while they were not undiscovered in Jeungpyeong, Jincheon, Goesan, and Danyang areas. Their area of occurrence was less than 3% of the region, and the volume of occurrence was not very large. Overwintering eggs of L.dispar occurred in 4.1% of the area in 2021 and 1.7% in 2022, showing a decreasing tendency compared to the previous year, and their occurrence was only low to middle in terms of the degree of occurrence.

par exemple와 en l'occurrence

박시현(PAK, Shi-Hyeon) 프랑스학회 2008 프랑스학연구 Vol.46 No.-

À partir d'une remarque faite sur l'usage de l'expression en l'occurrence que l'on rencontre dans l'envrionnement similaire à celui de l'expression par exemple, nous avons voulu faire des observations sur leur usage en nous demandant s'il n'y aurait pas un rapport synoymique entre elles. Elles sont employées l'une et l'autre avec valeur démonstrative pour expliquer ou confirmer ce qu'on veut dire, pour illustrer un cas particulier. Nous trouvons des similarités dans les termes qui peuvent se substituer à ces expressions. Les francophones emploient en l'occurrence qui signifie ‘dans le cas présent’, et qui peut être remplacé par ‘plus précisément’, pour spécifier l'élément particulier après avoir mentionné une catégorie générale tandis que par exemple peut être remplacé par ‘ainsi’, ‘notamment’, ‘entre autre’, ‘particulièrement’, ‘principalement’, ‘spécialement’. Nous avons aussi voulu confirmer que la différence vient des deux modes différents de determination : l'emploi de l'article ‘zéro Ø’ dans l'un (par exemple) et l'emploi de l'article défini ‘l'’ dans l'autre (en l'occurrence) ont à voir avec l'usage de ces deux expressions.

2021~2022년 충북지역 과수원의 주요 해충 3종 발생 현황

이성균,박원기,윤송,안종현,연은솔,전종옥,김주형 한국환경생물학회 2023 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.41 No.4

충북지역의 11개 시군을 대상으로 갈색날개매미충, 꽃매미, 매미나방 3종의 돌발 해충을 대상으로 알과 성충의 발생 현황을 조사한 결과, 갈색날개매미충의 월동난은 2021년 24.2%, 2022년 22.1%의 면적에서 발생하였고, 성충은 2021년 25.2%, 2022년 24.3% 면적에서 발생했다. 꽃매미의 월동난은 2021년 2.6%, 2022년 1.9%의 면적에서 발생하여 발생량이 많지 않았고 성충은 2021년 3.2%, 2022년 3.6%의 면적에서 발생하였으며, 조사 면적 대비 발생 면적의 비율이 3% 이내로 발생량이 많지 않았다. 매미나방 월동난은 2021년 4.1%, 2022년은 1.7%의 면적에서 발생했으며, 발생 정도는 소, 중 단계만 조사가 되었다. 성충은 2021년 4.6%, 2022년 2.7%가 발생하여 꽃매미와 마찬가지로 발생이 많지 않았다. 기주별 해충 발생 밀도 조사에서 갈색날개매미충은 2021~2022년 월동난과 성충 모두 사과와 복숭아에서 많이 발생하였다. 꽃매미 성충은 2021~2022년 모두 복숭아, 사과, 포도에서 발생량이 많았고, 월동난은 포도에서 가장 높았으나 사과와 복숭아의 발생 밀도는 매우 낮았다. 매미나방은 2021~2022년 성충과 월동난 모두 사과에서 발생 밀도가 높았으나, 2021년도 성충은 복숭아에서 발생하지 않았고 2022년에는 발생 밀도가 사과보다 높아 가장 높은 것으로 조사되었다. The occurrence of eggs and adults of Pochazia shantungensis, Lycorma delicatula, and Lymantria dispar was investigated in 11 cities in the Chungcheongbukdo region. The results showed that the overwintering eggs of P. shantungensis occurred in 24.2% of the region in 2021 and 22.1% in 2022, while adults occurred in 25.2% in 2021 and 24.3% in 2022, indicating the highest occurrence among the pests studied. The occurrence of overwintering eggs of L. delicatula was relatively low, with 2.6% of the region affected in 2021 and 1.9% in 2022. Adult L. delicatula occurred in 3.2% of the region in 2021 and 3.6% in 2022. Overwintering eggs of L. dispar occurred in 4.1% of the area in 2021 and 1.7% in 2022, showing a decreasing tendency compared to the previous year, and their occurrence was only low to middle in terms of the degree of occurrence. Adult L. dispar occurred in 4.6% of the region in 2021 and 2.7% in 2022, showing occurrences that were insignificant compared to L. delicatula. According to a survey of host preferences, both the wintering eggs and adults of P. shantungensis were found in apples and peaches between 2021 and 2022. In both 2021-2022, adult L. delicatula had a high incidence in peaches, apples, and grapes, and winter eggs were the highest in grapes. However, the incidence in apples and peaches was low. A high incidence density of L. dispar moth adults and overwintering eggs was found in apples in both 2021 and 2022.

‘발생’ 개념의 은유적 양상

백미현(Mihyun Baek) 한국중원언어학회 2017 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.45

This study explores expressions which conceptualize OCCURRENCE and classifies them into several semantic types. Among others, verbs of OPENING and physical movements like UP, OUT, COMING are major candidates for OCCURRENCE. The prototypical sense of each verb is reflected on the extended version of OCCURRENCE, leading to the choice of different noun phrases(i.e., Tr). It is shown that the semantic extension from the prototypical sense of each verb into this concept is grounded on our physical experience. When an object(Tr) is physically contained in something(Lm), down below, high above, or away from the viewer, it is invisible, inaudible, or not present to a viewer. However, once it has entered her/his visual field, it now becomes visible, audible, and comes into being. Furthermore, abstract entities like time, event, emotion, and social movement are understood to ‘occur’ in the way that physical entities do. BEING ABOUT, BEING MADE, POSSESSING, SEEING, STRIKING, and TAKING PLACE are other possible concepts in terms of which OCCURRENCE is understood. In this study, focus is on Korean, while some English examples are given for comparison.

소아 음낭수종에서 일측 교정술 후 반대측의 발생

남봉현,이동환 大韓泌尿器科學會 1998 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.39 No.9