체육관련학과 교수의 언어적 · 비언어적 커뮤니케이션 따른 수업 효과 분석

한영일(Han, Young-Il),박도헌(Park, Do-Hun) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.6

This study is to investigate the effect of physical education-related professor’s linguistic and non-linguistic communication on student’s class attitude, commitment, and satisfaction, and to find a result as below. First, when it comes to a relation between linguistic and non-linguistic communication and class attitude, it was found that student showed satisfaction in his/her class when professor made a positive linguistic communication and physical-extrovert non-linguistic communication. And, professor’s positive-negative linguistic communication and auditory non-linguistic communication enhanced student’s commitment to his/her class. In addition, professor’s positive linguistic communication and spatial-extrovert-auditory non-linguistic communication increased student’s interest in their class. Second, when it comes to a relation between linguistic-non-linguistic communication and commitment to class, it was found that professor’s spatial-extrovert-auditory non-linguistic communication showed positive effect on student’s cognitive commitment to his/her class, while professor’s positive linguistic communication and spatial-extrovert non-linguistic communication showed positive effect on student’s behavioral commitment to class. Third, when it comes to a relation between linguistic-non-linguistic communication and class satisfaction, it was found that professor’s positive linguistic communication and spatial-extrovert-auditory nonlinguistic communication enhanced student’s satisfaction for professor’s behavior in their class. And, professor’s positive linguistic communication and non-linguistic communication affect student’s performance in their class. In addition, professor’s positive linguistic communication and physical- spatial-extrovert non-linguistic communication affect student’s satisfaction in their class environment.

언어적 소통의 일반 모형

이기웅(Kee Woong Lee),김정일(Jungil Kim),백경희(Kyunghee Paek),임수영(Sooyoung Lim) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2010 언어학 Vol.0 No.56

From the first of the 20th century, many attempts have been made to investigate the linguistic communication in several fields, not only in linguistic philosophy also in informatics and social sciences. Studies in the field of pragmatics and discourse analysis have been added to the list from the middle 20th century, but we still cannot say that we have overall perspective on the linguistic communication as it partially was given by the Jakobson"s model. Diverse aspects of realization of communication have not been fully and systematically explained in their relationship with social archetypes, either. Most seriously, current model of linguistic communication does not consider the dynamic polyphony and intersubjectivity of the communication, mainly following traditional academic traditions. Their main concerns were only the two questions; “Who said what?” and “How and to whom is the sentence interpreted?” This is the reason why we need to establish a new general model of linguistic communication. This paper aims to establish a new linguistic communicative model to describe efficiently the dialogic dynamism, on which linguistic communication is fundamentally based. We devide the communication space into two substrata - constructive and practical spaces - and they are again subsumed into two levels - inner and outer levels. We especially focus on the existences of the subjects of communications and their dynamic relations in diverse levels of communication. In establishing a general model of linguistic communication, we also notice the importance of discrimination between the potentia and realia as methodological concepts for understanding the nature of the dynamic relationship. Intersubjectivity functions very dynamically in the interaction between potentia as the level of construction of the model and realia as the level of practices of constituents of the model. This presupposes multilateral communicative spaces and relations among the subjects of linguistic communication. These multilateral spaces and relations cover the orientations, genres, scopes, and systems of the discourse. We can conclude that the dynamism of communication is the matter of dynamic relations between subjects in the process of communications.

의사소통 훈련의 현실과 한계 -의사소통 훈련 프로그램 개발을 위한 예비적 고찰-

진정근 ( Jeong Kun Jin ) 한국텍스트언어학회 2008 텍스트언어학 Vol.25 No.-

Linguistic-communicative ability is one of the core qualities for social activity. There are numerous literatures and training programmes to improve this ability. As the proverb "practice makes perfect" implies, the improvement of linguistic-communicative ability through practice and training is the prerequisite of these programmes. First, we look at the actuality of communication training in order to see the origin of this myth by means of Brons-Albert`s research. This study shows that the effects of practical rhetoric communication training are slighter then we had expected. Thereafter we deal with the limitations of communication training. This theme leads to the reflection of the object of communication training and training methode. An initial limitation is that the object of communication training is clarified in the process of the consideration of automation and deautomation of linguistic-communicative ability and technique. A second restriction results from applications of Monitor Theory to filtering the objet of communication training. This article offers theoretical reflections for the linguistically meaningful development of communication training programmes.

Культурная коммуникация и ее восприятие через речевой этикет: на примере корейско-русского вербального и невербального общения

송정수,이바노바 중앙대학교 외국학연구소 2013 외국학연구 Vol.- No.24

This article is devoted to the speech situations introduction, greeting, farewell in Korean and Russian speech etiquette. In this connection, the authors examine in detail various typical expression, as well as nonverbal accompaniment. We researched cross-cultural communication patterns for the basic communication situations of meeting, introduction, and separation. We examined misunderstandings arising from differences in language and its manners between Koreans and Russians. This research presents comparative examples of expression demonstrating the discord between Korean and Russian language and its manners. This paper is a comparative linguistics perspective on clichés used in a variety of situations. We analyzed a linguistic-geographical annotation of clichés by situation to better understand the interaction of communication and culture. In addition, authors discuss the nonverbal components that accompany verbal communication. Examples of nonverbal communication include handshake, intonation, and reaction to greeting. We attempted an analysis of accord and discord by observing linguistic conventions in Korea and Russia. In conclusion, differences in verbal and nonverbal communication according to culture are noticeable between Koreans and Russians. These differences are sometimes symmetrical and sometimes completely opposite. Communicants often misunderstand one another when they ignore cultural differences that may affect their use of verbal and nonverbal language. These misunderstandings can be resolved or avoided by careful comparative linguistic perspective analysis of observations from both languages and cultures. Therefore, this research will help advance communication and cultural understanding.

‘언어적 공산주의’와 ‘언어의 소외’라는 근대적 언어인식에 대하여 - ‘주체의 언어리론’의 경우

김병문 부산대학교 인문학연구소 2023 코기토 Vol.- No.99

Pierre Bourdieu criticized the linguistics of Saussure and Chomsky for being in the illusion of ‘linguistic communism.’ He argues that it conceals the unequal power relationships arising from the actual communication process under the premise that any speaker of a language community can use the language freely and equally. In this study, the ‘linguistic theory of the subject’ developed in North Korea is examined from the perspective of ‘linguistic communism.’ The ‘linguistic theory of the subject’ is a theoretical basis of North Korean linguistics. It is also the title of the volume 1 of The Collections of Chosun Linguistics, which compiles the linguistic achievements of North Korean Academy of Social Sciences in 2005. This study examines the changes in the ‘linguistic theory of the subject’ from the early 1970s to the 2000s. In particular, it focuses on what it means to find the essence of language in the ‘communicative function.’ The modern perception that a language exists separately from concrete communication is linked to ‘linguistic communism.’ It demonstrates that the linguistics of Saussure and Chomsky are not very different from the ‘linguistic theory of the subject.’ And this abstract has tried to suggest solutions to the problem. 피에르 부르디외는 소쉬르와 촘스키의 언어학이 공히 ‘언어적 공산주의’라는 환상에 빠져 있다고 비판한 바 있다. 그들의 언어학이 해당 언어공동체의 화자라면 누구나 그 언어를 자유롭고 평등하게 사용할 수 있다고 가정한다는 점에서 실제 의사소통 과정에서 발생하는 불평등한 권력관계를 은폐한다는 것이다. 이 연구에서는 북한에서 발전시킨 이른바 ‘주체의 언어리론’을 ‘언어적 공산주의’라는 관점에서 검토한다. ‘주체의 언어리론’은 북한의 사회과학원에서 2005년 그들의 언어학적 성과를 집대성한 조선어학전서 의 제1권으로 편집되었을 정도로 북한 언어학의 이론적 기반이 되는 것이다. 이 글에서는 먼저 ‘주체의 언어리론’이 1960년대 후반부터 형성되어 2000년대까지 변화되어 온 양상을 정리하고, 특히 언어의 본질을 ‘통신적 기능’에서 찾는다는 것이 어떤 의미를 갖는지에 대해 주목한다. 이를 통해 구체적인 의사소통과 분리된 채로 존재하는 언어를 가정하는 근대적 인식이 바로 ‘언어적 공산주의’를 가능케 하는 것이며, 이는 소쉬르나 촘스키의 언어학과 주체의 언어학이 다르지 않다는 점을 지적하고, 이러한 문제를 극복할 방법을 시론적인 형태로 제시하고자 하였다. 이 연구는 궁극적으로 북한을 특수한 사회로 바라보기보다는 그들이 생산한 텍스트를 통해 그들과 우리가 공유하는 ‘근대(modernity)’의 문제를 성찰하고 그 극복을 모색하기 위한 것이다.

통신언어의 언어학적 분석

신희삼 ( Hee Sam Shin ) 전북대학교 인문학연구소 2016 건지인문학 Vol.15 No.-

This thesis is a linguistic analysis of the communication language. The communication language is becoming various, complex with time. A linguistic analysis of the communication language is necessary for the specific, prompt communication. For the first time, the use of the communication language is classified into intended and unintended. After that, these are put together for the linguistic analysis. In the linguistic analysis, phonemics, morphemics, syntax, semantics and the others are treated. Orthography, loanword orthography, foreign original language write and so on belong to the others. In addition, the continuity of the communication language is formed four factors. First, the extension of the forms. Second, the emotional homogeneity by substitution. Third, polysemous characteristics. Forth, the intergenerational understanding. Fifth, the suitability of the constituting principle of neologism. Lastly, the communication language has two remaining issues. One is the development of the valid checking model, another is the development of the efficient teaching method.

言語景観の教材化と授業実践 -異文化コミュニケーション科目におけるビデオ教材・教科書の活用-

磯野英治(이소노 히데하루) 한국일본어학회 2021 日本語學硏究 Vol.0 No.67

본 연구는 "언어경관을 대상으로 하는 교육 실천"에 대해 지금까지 시도된 바가 없는 구체적인 교재 (비디오 교재・교과서)를 작성, 이들을 사용하여 만든 수업 실천을 통해 얻어진 성과를 보고하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 해당 수업 실천은 "이문화 커뮤니케이션"이라는 국제학부 학생을 중심으로 한 전문 과목으로 하고, 참가 학생은 132 명 (그 가운데 유학생 21명)의 다문화 환경이었다. 첫째, 학생들의 학습 이전의 언어경관에 대한 인식을 나타내기 위해 첫 수업의 도입 부분에서 학생들에게 ‘언어경관에 관한 설문조사’를 5단계평가 및 자유기술식으로 실시했다. 그 결과 5단계평가에서 평균값이 2.46으로 나타났으며, 자유기술에서도 피상적인 내용에 머무르는 수준이었다. 때문에 일상 생활에서의 수강생들의 언어경관에 대한 의식이 대체로 희박것으로 밝혀졌다. 실제 수업은 15회이며, 매회마다 비디오 교재 및 교과서에 맞는 이벤트를 15회분 준비하고 난이도가 낮은 테마에서 높은 테마 순으로 학생들이 배울 수 있도록 설계했다. 구체적으로는 제1회 ~ 7회까지는 해당 언어경관을 보면, 어디가 특징적인지를 비교적 금방 알 수 있는 명시적인 주제를, 그 이후의 테마는 국가와 지역 사회에 대한 지식, 문화적 배경과 사람들의 언어 의식에 대한 관찰력, 화용론적인 분석력을 요하는 구성으로 되어 있다. 모든 주제는 공통점을 갖고 있는 학습내용과 학습 목표는 ‘주변에 있는 일본어를 중심으로 한 언어경관을 통해 무엇을 알 수 있을까를 배우면서 (유학생에게 목표 언어인) 일본어로 수업을 받아 관점이나 고찰력의 습득 및 교육활동을 통한 토론과 프레젠테이션 기술을 배우는’ 것이었다. 교과 내용에 대해 의식 향상과 내용의 이해, 즉 성취도를 조사하기 위해 기말 리포트를 제시해 분석한 결과, 난이도가 높은 주제로 보고서를 쓴 학생은 절반을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 교육과정에 따른 학습을 통해 언어경관에 대한 의식이 높아지고 "어떻게 언어경관을 관찰, 분석하면 좋을까 "를 습득하고 있는지를 보여 주며, 해당 수업 실천의 효과를 뒷받침하는 결과라고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to report the first ever attempt to develop learning materials (video/reading materials) for a “course focusing on linguistic landscapes”, and discuss outcomes of the implementation of these materials in the course. The course was conducted as a specialized subject, enrolled by a multicultural group of students mainly belonging to an international faculty referred to as “Intercultural Communication”. A total of 132 students enrolled in the course (of which 21 were international students). Prior to learning, a “survey of linguistic landscapes”, that was based on a 5-point evaluation scale and a free description, was conducted to observe the students’ awareness of linguistic landscapes. The 5-point evaluation scale showed an average figure of 2.46 and comments obtained through the free description survey were superficial. Therefore, it was evident that the students’ overall awareness of linguistic landscapes was low. A total of 15 classes were held, with each having a specific theme according to the prepared video or reading material. The classes began with less difficult themes and gradually progressed to those more complex. The first seven classes were straightforward, introducing linguistic landscapes with obvious features. Subsequent themes discussed the importance of knowledge about countries, regions, or societies, observational skills of cultural backgrounds and linguistic awareness of people, and pragmatic analysis. The consistent learning contents and goals in all the themes was “to enroll in a Japanese course (which is the target language for international students), acquire diverse perspectives and thinking abilities, and gain discussion and presentation skills while also learn what can be understood through Japanese linguistic landscapes in daily life.” After completion of the course, a final term repot was assigned to assess the students’ achievement level. More than half of the students had written reports on difficult themes, indicating their increase in awareness of linguistic landscapes and they had learned “how to observe and analyze linguistic landscapes”, which also supported the effectiveness of this course.

해외여행에서 언어적 의사소통의 어려움을 해결해 나가는 과정에 대한 근거이론적 접근

박세영,이원석,한주형 한국관광학회 2017 관광학연구 Vol.41 No.8

The purpose of this study is to understand the overseas traveler process for solving difficulties in linguistic communication with local people. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 participants who had experienced difficulties in linguistic communication during an overseas trip. Study participants experienced 'the power of language in a linguistically constrained situation' and 'frustration due to the limitations of linguistic communication' as a central phenomenon. However, these difficulties were resolved by finding out how to communicate with local people, by trying to keep communicating with each other, and by adapting to cultural differences. Through these actions and reactions, travelers overcame their prejudice concerning local people, experienced positive personal changes and discovered deeper meaning in their trip. The results of this study imply that it is possible to build relationships with travelers and local people despite language differences. Furthermore, the results also suggest a need for communication improvements since service based on interaction is necessary to solve the difficulties of communication. Therefore, future study conducted in travel and linguistic communication reflecting various views of travel is recommended. 본 연구에서는 해외여행객이 현지인과 언어적 의사소통의 어려움을 해결해 나가는 과정에 대하여 근거이론적 접근으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 해외여행 중에 언어적 의사소통에 어려움을 겪고 이를 해결해 나가고자 했던 경험이 있는 11인을 대상으로 면담을 실시하였으며, 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 해외 여행객들은 ‘언어 제약 상황에서 언어가 가지는 권력성’ 과 ‘언어적 의사소통의 한계로 인해 좌절’을 중심현상으로 경험한다. 그러나 이러한 어려움은 현지인들과 소통을 하기 위한 방법을 찾고, 소통을 이어나가기 위해 노력을 하며, 현지와의 문화적 차이에 대한 수용태도를 갖으려 함으로써 해결한다. 이러한 과정을 통하여 여행객들은 현지인들에 대한 편견을 극복하고, 개인적인 변화를 경험하며, 여행의 의미를 발견하는 등의 결과를 얻게 된다. 본 연구를 통해 얻을 수 있는 시사점으로는 여행객과 현지인 간의 의사소통에 있어서 언어적 차이가 있음에도 불구하고 소통을 통해 관계를 형성한다는 점을 발견하였다는 점과 이를 토대로 의사소통의 어려움을 해결하기 위해 상호작용을 기반으로 한 의사소통 개선 서비스를 제공 할 필요가 있다는 것을 시사한다. 따라서 후속 연구에서는 여행객과 현지인 뿐 아니라 다양한 관점을 반영한 여행과 언어적 의사소통에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

Comparative Analysis Intercultural Interaction in the Process of Communication: Within Fundamental Discipline of English and German

Larionova Irina,Kapysheva Gulnar 한국글로벌문화학회 2022 글로벌문화연구 Vol.13 No.2

이 연구에서는 복잡한 상호작용 과정에서 나타나는 행동양식을 분류하여 문화간 의사소통의 형태를 유형화하고 탐구하였다. 선행 연구에 따르면, 의사소통 과정의 핵심부분은 상호 영향력의 크기이다. 관심사, 감정 등의 교환을 통한 의사소통은 개별 문화공동체내의 관계와 발전을 위한 중요한 도구이다. 이문화 커뮤니케이션은 다른 문화의 대표 요소간의 의사소통이기 때문에 복잡한 과정이다. 이러한 특성을 고려한 이 논문은 집단 수준과 개인 수준의 이문화 커뮤니케이션에서 나타나는 모든 의사소통 행위에 지식 언어 및 문화코드와 같은 효과적인 이 문화 의사소통의 구성 요소가 있다는 사실을 주시한다. 또한 비언어적, 준언어적인 의사소통 수단의 사용이 이해를 통한 성공적인 문화간 상호작용을 촉진하는 언어교육의 필수 과정이라는 점을 확인하였다. 결론에서, 저자는 효과적인 이문화의 중요한 구성 요소는 의사소통 기술, 즉 교육 과정에서 사람들과의 적절한 관계를 수립하고 유지하기 위한 정신적, 실용적인 행동양식, 그리고 교육과 사회의 정보화 환경에서 전문적인 교육 행동양식의 필수조건을 제시하였다. This article explores intercultural communication, which is a complex process consisting of certain actions. In the process of communication, there is the mutual influence of people on each other; exchange of interests, feelings, etc. Communication is an important tool for human relations and progress in the human community. Intercultural communication is a more complex process, as it is communication between representatives of different cultures. For the object, this paper argues that intercultural communication both at the level of groups and at an individual level and takes into account the fact that in every communicative act there are components of effective intercultural communication, such as good knowledge of language and culture, as well as the use of non-verbal, para-linguistic means of communication that promote understanding and successful intercultural interaction. In the conclusion, the authors present the results of experimental work, where an important component of effective intercultural communication is communication skills, i.e. possession of mental and practical actions aimed at establishing and maintaining appropriate relationships with people in the process of education, and then in professional activities in the conditions of informatization of education and society.

Pragmatic Understanding of Linguistic Landscape: A Relevance-Theoretic Perspective

Heng Zhang,이상철 한국언어연구학회 2019 언어학연구 Vol.24 No.3

This study aims to decipher linguistic landscape from a relevance-theoretic perspective in the hope of further broadening the exploration of linguistic landscape research. Relevance theory (Sperber & Wilson, 1986/1995) is incorporated to answer three questions: (1) Why do viewers focus on linguistic landscape? (2) What is the cognitive mechanism when viewers noticing linguistic landscape? (3) How do viewers identify the intended meanings of linguistic landscape? The analysis uncovers that attention paid to linguistic landscape is on the grounds that it is an input relevant to the mentally represented assumptions of the addressers and exerts a “positive cognitive effect” (Sperber & Wilson 1995, §3.1–2) in a context which may strengthen, revise or yield implications of an existing assumption on one hand. On the other hand, in light of optimal relevance, the relevance-guided comprehension heuristic can be utilized by the viewers as a sound approach to identify the communicator's meaning of linguistic landscape.