가로블록 구성방식에 따른 가로공간의 유형 및 특성에 관한 연구 - 강남대로 및 테헤란로 주변 가로건축물의 실태조사를 바탕으로-

이정형,김진욱 대한건축학회 2005 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.21 No.8

As the importance of analysis and interpretation of characteristics of contexts , namely Regional Characteristics, has been extended, this research aims the view of Urban Space to overcome the two-dimensional idea - ground, block and the distinct, physical substance - and change it within the basis of 'the block of Street'; Say this research is designated as a goal that the lot by reason of correlation between street building and street space not being spatial lot of partitioned block on the ground of existing secondary street is newly presumed by the urban tissue as street block in the urban spatial system, analyzed the urban street space in the hierarchic level of street block, and suggested new plan of evaluation of urban space, rearranging the existing framework of analysis. Evaluating urban spatial structure of grid pattern through 'the block of Street' differed by a lot, Chosen the subject of investigation, the relation of composition system of street space showed Kangnam Avenue by 85.19% and Teheranno 53.8%. And separating the pattern of 'the block of Street' in 5 consecutive method of spatial composition and 5 intermittent method of spatial composition, the relationship showed Kangnam Avenue 40.7% and Teheranno 30.7%. The activation element both in point of street space and Construction space investigated as both under 30% could be said to come along with it. As a result, it could be said that the characteristic of street space show the regional character depending on the distribution of detailed elements and show area characteristic more than physical character. Since yet this research is just a theoretical study in presenting viewpoint of urban space, study of Design method and establishment of concrete design guide for directing Urban Management must be proposed.

The adoption of Western urban design theories in urban developments in Korea from the perspective of building-street relationship

Kim, Jaecheol(김재철) 경기연구원 2017 GRI 연구논총 Vol.19 No.2

Western urban design theories have influenced the urbanization process in Korea, but the resultant urban spaces differ from western countries because of the elclectic adoption of the theories reflecting their own social contexts. This study aimed to determine how western theories reflecting their own social contexts. This study aimed to determine how western theories have been adapted in Korea by reviewing the literature of western urban design theories and conducting case studies of Korean urban developments, focusing on the relationship between building and streets. The literature review to develop a theoretical framework for the case study deduced the following three approaches: 1)the aesthetic approach, considering buildings and streets as an inseparable element for the purpose of beautification and symbolization; 2)the modernist approach, suggesting the separation of buildings and streets for the purpose of mechanic efficiency; and 3)the communal approach, emphasizing the integration of buildings and streets for social functions. The case study on Korean urban developments in the Seoul metropolitan area revealed that the separation of buildings and streets dominated Korean urban spaces in the 1960s and 1970s when the modernist approach was preferred, and the integration of buildings and streets for social functions began in earnest in the 1990s, particularly in business districts. Such results can be interpreted as that Korean citizens have not had much experience on the street as a social space and therefore the design techniques integrating buildings and streets were mainly applied to the business districts where their economic benefits were clear. This study contributed to the development of the urban design theory in the Korean context by demonstrating the transitions occurred in the domestic adoption process of the Western urban theory. The future research will examine other urban development cases outside the Seoul metropolitan area to discuss the question of whether the results of this study could be generalized for other Korean urban developments.

The adoption of Western urban design theories in urban developments in Korea from the perspective of building-street relationship - Focusing on urban development cases in the Seoul metropolitan area -

김재철 재단법인 경기연구원 2017 GRI 연구논총 Vol.19 No.2

Western urban design theories have influenced the urbanization process in Korea, but the resultant urban spaces differ from western countries because of the eclectic adoption of the theories reflecting their own social contexts. This study aimed to determine how western theories have been adapted in Korea by reviewing the literature of western urban design theories and conducting case studies of Korean urban developments, focusing on the relationship between buildings and streets. The literature review to develop a theoretical framework for the case study deduced the following three approaches: 1) the aesthetic approach, considering buildings and streets as an inseparable element for the purpose of beautification and symbolization; 2) the modernist approach, suggesting the separation of buildings and streets for the purpose of mechanic efficiency; and 3) the communal approach, emphasizing the integration of buildings and streets for social functions. The case study on Korean urban developments in the Seoul metropolitan area revealed that the separation of buildings and streets dominated Korean urban spaces in the 1960s and 1970s when the modernist approach was preferred, and the integration of buildings and streets for social functions began in earnest in the 1990s, particularly in business districts. Such results can be interpreted as that Korean citizens have not had much experience on the street as a social space and therefore the design techniques integrating buildings and streets were mainly applied to the business districts where their economic benefits were clear. This study contributed to the development of the urban design theory in the Korean context by demonstrating the transitions occurred in the domestic adoption process of the Western urban theory. The future research will examine other urban development cases outside the Seoul metropolitan area to discuss the question of whether the results of this study could be generalized for other Korean urban developments.

가로 입지환경 분석을 통한 녹지계획 방향

김경숙(Kyung Sook Kim),임종헌(Jong Hun Yim) 한국디자인문화학회 2014 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.20 No.2

근대 농업 중심의 사회가 막을 내리고 산업화가 급속히 진행되면서 도시민들의 의식수준은 ‘양의 삶’에서 ‘질의 삶’을 지향하는 방향으로 전환되고 있다. 이러한 시대의 흐름과 도시민들의 의식수준 변화의 영향으로 그동안 도심의 양적 성장에 의해 생산된 인공적인 회색빛 도심경관에 대한 질적 향상의 목소리가 날로 높아지고 있는 상황이다. 서울시를 비롯한 각 지자체 또한 이러한 도심가로의 문제점을 극복하고자 디자인 거리 조성사업, 공공디자인 시범사업, 간판 재정비사업과 더불어 도심 가로(街路)녹지 조성사업을 적극적으로 시행하고 있다. 그러나 현재 도심 가로녹지 조성사업은 이전 사업과 마찬가지로 양적 확대 측면에서만 고려되고 있을 뿐여전히 공간의 성격에 맞는 기능성이 고려되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 가로 녹지의 형태 또한 가로 분위기에 맞게 디자인을 고려하여 설계하라는 서울시 세부 설계내용이 명시되어 있음에도 불구하고 현재 조성된 가로녹지는 그 형태가 매우 정형화되어 있고, 그 모양이 매우 단순하여 생물 서식기능을 달성하는데 무리가 있다고 판단된다.(김도희, 2013) 또한, 이상 기후에 대비한 녹지의 기능성 역시 적극적으로 반영되지 않고 있어 또 다른 획일화된 도시경관을 창출하고 있다는 것이 새로운 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 직선형의 획일화 된 가로녹지 조성 현황을 문제점으로 인식하고 가로의 입지환경 특성에 맞는 가로녹지계획 방향을 제시하는 것을 연구 목적으로 정하였으며 연구방법으로는 가로 경관을 구성하는 입지 환경을 크게 지형, 도로, 가로수, 보도 및 건물로 나누어녹지대 형태별로 각 요소에 맞는 분석 툴을 활용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 지형 요소에서는 배수가 불량하거나, 저지대인 경우, 도로 요소에서는 광로나 대로 같이 다른 도로에 비해 비교적 교통량이 많은 경우, 가로수 요소에서는 천근성 가로수가 식재된 가로가 기존 직선형 녹지대보다는 가변형 녹지대로 계획하는 것이 더욱 효율적임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 보도 및 건물 요소분석을 위해 보행자의 녹지대에 대한 시각적 선호도를 설문해본 결과, 간판이나 건물 외벽정비가 불량하여 복잡한 경관을 보이는 가로인 경우는 기존 직선형 녹지대를 선호하는 경향을 보이나, 근래에 신설된 도시계획가로와 같이 간판정비나 건물 외벽정비가 비교적 양호하고 보도 폭이 넓은 가로의 경우는 직선형보다는 곡선형이나 지그재그형과 같은 가변형 녹지대에 높은 시각적선호도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 신규가로 녹지계획 시 기존과 같은 직선형의 획일적인 가로 녹지계획보다는 가로 입지환경에 따른 경관분석 과정이 선행되어야 보다 효율적인 가로 녹지계획이 적용될 수 있음을 보여주는 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 끝으로 선행된 입지 환경 분석 결과를 토대로 녹지대 형태 별 체크리스트를 작성한 후, 대상지인 동대문가로 13개소에 적용한 자료를 연구 결과로 제시함으로서 앞으로 조성될 가로 녹지대의 계획방향을 설정하는데 중요한 기초자료로 활용되기를 기대한다. As a modern agriculture-centric society is coming to an end and the industrialization is accelerating, the level of consciousness of urban residents is being converted to ``life of quality`` from ``life of quantity``. Due to the effect of such trend and a change of the level of consciousness of urban residents, the voices of qualitative improvement are growing louder and louder for artificial gray scenery made by the quantitative growth of downtowns. Seoul City and each local government are aggressively implementing design street construction business, public design demo business, front-rearrangement business and urban street greenery construction business to overcome problems of such urban street However, current urban street greenery construction business has only been considered in terms of quantitative expansion like the previous business but the functionality suitable for the nature of the area is still not on a list of consideration. Although the detailed design contents instructing to design the shape of street greenery after considering the suitable design for an atmosphere of the street have been announced by Seoul City, the shape of currently constructed street greenery has been extremely standardized and simple so it is considered to be impracticable to achieve urban park functions (Do Hui, Kim, 2013). Furthermore, there has been a new issue arisen that it creates another standardize urban scenery since the functionality of green against abnormal climate has not been actively reflected in the business. Therefore, the purpose of this research was set to recognize the current state of standardized linear street greenery as a problem and to suggest a direction of street greenery plan suitable for the features of location environment of the street and, for its research method, location environment composing the street scenery was roughly divided into geographical feature, road, pavement and building and analyzed with an analysis tool suitable for each element by the shape of each green zone. As a result, there was a poor drainage for geographical feature and, for street trees, it was verified that a street planted with shallow-rooted street trees was more effective and a variable green zone is more effective than the existing linear one in case there are a lot of traffic compared to other roads such as optical path and main street. Furthermore, as a result of a survey on the visual preference of pedestrians on green zone to analyze the elements of pavement and building, they tended to prefer the existing linear green zone for a street having a complex scenery due to a poor arrangement of fronts or external walls of building but showed higher visual preference on variable green zone like in a curve or zigzag pattern than the linear one for a street with wide pavement and a comparatively fine arrangement of fronts or external walls of building like recently constructed urban planning street. Such result can be considered as a result showing that an effective street greenery plan can apply only when a scenery analysis according to the street location environment is preceded rather than the existing linear, standardized street greenery plan, when planning a new street greenery project. Lastly, it is expected that data proposed as a result of the research applied to 13 streets in Dongdaemun Gate, the target area, after writing a checklist classified by shapes of green zone on the basis of a result of the preceded analysis on location environment will be utilized as an important basic document in setting a direction of street greenery project which is to be constructed henceforward.

현대성으로의 가치인식전환과 도시공공공간의 변화상에 관한 연구

이지영(Lee, Ji-Young) 한국실내디자인학회 2013 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.22 No.6

This study focuses on the genealogical analysis of the urban public spaces by the local history of Seoul which is significantly different from western cities. The analysis targets the discourse of the urban street which defines urban space-structure among the urban public spaces. Based on the analysis, we define the progress levels of urban public design policy in Seoul. Firstly, in 1960’s and 1970’s, ‘urban reconstruction’ was intensively carried out for the country modernization, and ‘vehicle preferred street expansion’ resulted in damages to historical inheritance, in-humanized street, and cultural uniformity. 1980’s and 1990’s would be defined as ‘politic acceptance of plural values to the urban street.’ There were the Olympic Games held in Seoul in 1988, which were the celebrations of the 600th capital establishment and the autonomous local government system. In the meanwhile, diverse values on the urban street were discussed in terms of globalization. There also were the self-reflection for the urban skyscrapers and high-population rate, the cultural uniformity of urban street, and the commercialization in downtown with urban reconstruction plans. Then, the sense of landscape and amenity was focused. Various urban projects and regulations were held according to the changes of value recognition. 2000’s can be defined as ‘introduction to the organic integration and the urban public design governance.’ In the 21st century, types of recognition have changed significantly, which include publicness, humanism, sustainability, symbolism, artistry, placeness, and communication. They cause the establishment of ordinances and the installation of integrated organization via urban design administration. The legislation has been revised in order to support the various methods for the maintenance and operation of urban landscape in terms of local characteristics. New regulations were established for residents to participate in the processes of the urban planning with street design policy.

도시공공환경의 변인으로서 사회가치인식과 제도의 변화상에 관한 연구

이지영(Lee, Ji-Young) 한국실내디자인학회 2013 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.22 No.3

This study starts from the genealogical analysis of the urban public spaces through local history of Seoul which is significantly different from western countries. The analysis targets the discourse on the urban street, the basic unit of urban tissue and the settlement condition in urban life, which defines urban space-structure among the urban public spaces. And this research classifies and categorizes the value recognition and policy value occurred each period. Based on these, this research defines the progress levels of urban public design policy in Seoul as follows. Results Firstly, 1890"s and 1900"s was the period of development in commerce and industry, which caused congested and crowded streets. The open port policy allowed the experience of the foreign circumstance, and thus the identity of the urban streets and the value of symbolism come to realize among the society. During the Japanese colonization, urban streets put on modernized images through the urban remodeling out of the context according to the colonization policy. The brand-new values such as publicness and amenity are injected as well as modern regulations by system and authority. From Liberation to 1950"s, it performed only street restoration as a repair from war with Japanese colonial system because of the political confusion and administrative vacuum. Finally, each period can be defined as follows. 1890"s and 1900"s can be defined as ‘spontaneous finding the modernization" because urban street was intentionally transformed by the empire. Period of the Japanese colonization can be defined as "the formation of modernized urban street concept and the compulsion of modernized regulation." And period of from Liberation to 1950"s, can be called as "the absence of value recognition and maintenance of colonial system." methodology.

도시가로패턴의 유형을 응용한 신앙공동체마을의 배치계획에 관한 연구

박창근(Park, Chang Geun) 대한건축학회 2019 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.35 No.7

The purpose of this study is to apply the types of urban street pattern and the shape of streets to the master plan of a religious community complexes. The street pattern is a framework of urban structure and to understand the urban structure is helpful to understand the nature of urban streets. By analysing the precedent researches, the types of street patterns are classified as a serial pattern, a branching pattern, a grid pattern and a web pattern. The street patterns are hierarchically composed and classified as a differential development and sequential development. There are boundaries and gates where the street space is differentiated to the more private level. The urban streets continue to the architectural streets such as arcades, deck streets, corridors, lobbies and halls. The purposes and results of the master plan of this religious community complexes are as follows. 1) The school area, housing area and service area are properly separated and connected. They are separated by the building masses and connected by the street space in between. 2) The street pattern of this complexes is a serial pattern where the streets are the center of each functional building groups. The entry square is divided by the symbolic building. The one branch is school street and the other is living street. These streets are combined again to the festival street. 3) The architectural streets are organically related to the urban streets. 4) Each street spaces are of adequate form according to its properties as a place. 5) There are boundaries or gates such as a gab between buildings, posts, arches and deck streets according to the relationship between streets.

대학로 지역특화정책이 건축물 용도변화에 미친 영향- 문화관련시설을 중심으로 -

홍경구,김도년 대한국토·도시계획학회 2005 國土計劃 Vol.40 No.7

The urban policy that make a nameless area to be a famous place are prevalent in local self-government era. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between Land use and Urban Policy that make a nameless area to be a famous place. For this purpose, we analyse the relationship between land use and urban policies of the Dae-hak Street and the positive influence by urban policies that make cultural facilities be located in the Dae-hak Street. As a result, the number of cultural, commercial and business facilities are increased by geometric progression and the number of detached house is decreased by urban policies. Also, the first factor that make cultural facilities to be located in Dae-hak street is to make an anchor facilities(the literary Center, the art center and the head office of dramatic companies) be located in Dae-hak street. The second factor is ease access to Dae-hak street and placeness as a cultural street. While the high rental fee and the price of land is an obstacle to make cultural facilities to be located in Dae-hak street. Accordingly, we think that this result are an important facts that make a nameless area to be a famous place by urban policy

도시건축시스템에 의한 중정형 집합주택지 계획방향에 관한 연구

이정형,전영훈,김진욱 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.5

Characteristics of Urban Housing depend on relationships between streets and architectures. This study aims showing the characteristics of space composition through the analysis of perimeter collective housing examples, extracting the way of planning from the case studies of perimeter collective housing, considering the composure of the urban space as a system of mutual relationship between the components and structure. Thus, this study focused on examining Perimeter Housings Planning System, which follows the hierarchy of local, region, block and street, according to Urban Architectural Systems and is composed by the mutual relationship between streets of a city and architectures through the examination on Makuhari baytown, Chiba in Japan. In conclusion, the system of street and road effects Perimeter Housings Planning System, and clear establishment and understanding of hierarchy of streets are critically forming a urban housing. Thus, Perimeter Housings Planning System must be managed through planning system according to hierarchy of streets. For creating perimeter housings, master plan for whole site firstly is designed and then Perimeter Housings Planning System will be proposed according to various hierarchy of street comparing with planning component for the perimeter collective housing and the planning system of analyzed perimeter collective housing block.

도시재생사업에 의한 대학교 특화거리 조성의 실효성 연구 - 계명대학교와 영남대학교 특화거리 방문자의 인식을 중심으로

김민정,김철영 한국도시설계학회 2023 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.24 No.5

본 연구는 대구ㆍ경북지역 내 도시재생사업에 의해 조성된 특화거리와 자생적으로 조성된 특화거리의 공간적 특성과 만족도를 비교하여 대학교 특화거리 조성의 실효성을 분석하고자 한다. 또한, 설문조사를 바탕으로 방문객들의 수요를 고려한 대학교 특화거리 조성방안을 제시해보고자 한다. 연구 범위는 계명대학교 특화거리와 영남대학교 특화거리로 선정하였다. 공간적 특성분석 결과, 계명대학교 특화거리가 영남대학교 특화거리에 비해 가로의 통일감 및 연속성이 더잘 돋보였으며, 비선호시설보다 선호시설이 큰 비중을 차지하고 있었다. 설문조사 분석 결과, 계명대학교 특화거리가 영남대학교 특화거리에 비해 방문자들에게 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 방문자의 수요를 고려한 대학교 특화거리의 개선사항은 첫째 선호시설 확충, 둘째 보행자통행공간 정비, 셋째 놀거리가 풍부한 장소 조성, 넷째 가로 청결 유지이다. This study analyzed the effectiveness of urban regeneration projects by comparing the spatial characteristics and satisfaction level of the specialized streets created by the urban reganeration projects and the specialized streets created spontaneously in Daegu and Gyeongbuk. Based on the survey, this study suggests a plan to create a university-specific street in consideration of the visitors’ needs. Keimyung University Specialized Street and Yeungnam University Specialized Street were selected as the targets of the investigation. As a result of analyzing the spatial characteristics, the Keimyung’s Street showed a better sense of unity and continuity of the streets than the Yeungnam’s Street, and preferred facilities accounted for a greater proportion than non-preferred facilities. As a result of the survey analysis, the Keimyung’s Street showed a higher level of satisfaction among visitors than the Yeungnam’s Street. The suggested improvements of university-specialized streets considering the demand of visitors are: (1) increasing the proportion of preferred facilities; (2) improving pedestrian environment factors; (3) creating places with abundant entertainment; and (4) maintaining cleanliness of streets.