All-treatment array of hepatocellular carcinoma from initial diagnosis to death: observation of cumulative treatments

Moon, Hae,Choi, Ji Eun,Lee, In Joon,Kim, Tae Hyun,Kim, Seong Hoon,Ko, Young Hwan,Kim, Hyun Boem,Nam, Byung-Ho,Park, Joong-Won Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2017 JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY Vol.143 No.11

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>In clinical practice, most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma require subsequent treatments for remaining, progressing, or recurring tumors. We investigated all-treatment array and outcomes in an HCC cohort from initial diagnosis to death.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We enrolled 1687 consecutive patients with HCC who underwent initial diagnosis and treatment at the National Cancer Center, Korea, from January 2004 to December 2009.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>In total, 1357 patients (80.4%) showed RPRTs during median 20.4-month follow-up. Initial transplantation resulted in the least rate (32.3%) of RPRTs. Median treatment frequency was 3.0 times (range 1–20) and 382 patients (27.3%) received treatments ≥6 times. The median treatment frequency was different based on four factors (<I>p</I> < 0.05): age, tumor stage, tumor type and initial treatment modality. Patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage 0 received less frequent treatments. As the stage progressed from 0 to B, the median treatment frequency increased. Radiofrequency ablation as initial treatment was associated with the longest median treatment interval at 19.0 weeks, followed by resection at 14.1 weeks. The median treatment interval was significantly shorter as the stage progressed (<I>p</I> < 0.01). TACE was most frequently performed for RPRTs; the median number of subsequent TACE was 3 (range 1–19). Subsequent treatment array was very heterogeneous, and no certain pattern was found.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our findings suggest that the survival outcome of patients with HCC is based on the results of cumulative multiple treatments rather than an initial treatment. It is time to consider prospective studies evaluating sequential treatment array of HCC.</P>

관절염 환자의 치료추구행위 분석에 의한 이론구축 : 병원치료와 민속요법 이용행태

이인숙,은영,이은옥,강현숙,이종수 대한류마티스 건강전문학회 1997 근관절건강학회지 Vol.4 No.2

The study was undertaken to explore the antecedent factors and process of the treatment-seeking behaviors of medical and alternative treatments in patients with arthritis using methodological triangulation. The data were collected from 995 arthritic patients who were registered either in a center of rheumatology for medical treatment or residents of community having no treatment to classify different treatment patterns. Sixteen patients with various types of treatment only, alternative treatment only, and no treatment were selected among the total samples to identify the antecedent factors through in-depth interview. The quantitative data were analyzed by percentile, t-test, chi-square test and discrimant analysis using SAS PC program, while the qualitative data were analyzed by means of grounded theory methodology. Treatment-seeking behaviors of patients change from the early stage to the sick-role stage. At the early stage, initial characteristics of pain and acculturation of medical professionalism affect the choice of treatment patterns. The acculturation of medical professionlism is affected by health care accessibility, level of education, duration of sickness and lay referral system. At the sick-role stage, lay referral system and acculturation of medical professionalism affect the choice of treatment patterns. The acculturation of medical professionalism is affected by characteristics of symtoms, perceived treatment effects, perceived causes of diseases and socio-economic status as well as health care accessibility, level of education and lay referral system. In conclusion, different factors as well as common factors are influencing the treatment-seeking behaviors depending on the disease and treatment stages. More detailed further studies are required to explore the value system or medical acculturation of patients which is one of the most important factors in decision-making about treatment modalities.

Treatment of Rockwood Type III Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation

Seong-Hun Kim,Kyoung-Hwan Koh 대한견주관절의학회 2018 대한견주관절학회지 Vol.21 No.1

While non-operative treatment with structured rehabilitation tends to be the strategy of choice in the management of Rockwood type III acromioclavicular joint injury, some advocate surgical treatment to prevent persistent pain, disability, and prominence of the distal clavicle. There is no clear consensus regarding when the surgical treatment should be indicated, and successful clinical outcomes have been reported for non-operative treatment in more than 80% of type III acromioclavicular joint injuries. Furthermore, there is no gold standard procedure for operative treatment of type III acromioclavicular joint injury, and more than 60 different procedures have been used for this purpose in clinical practice. Among these surgical techniques, recently introduced arthroscopic-assisted procedures involving a coracoclavicular suspension device are minimally invasive and have been shown to achieve successful coracoclavicular reconstruction in 80% of patients with failed conservative treatment. Taken together, currently available data indicate that successful treatment can be expected with initial conservative treatment in more than 96% of type III acromioclavicular injuries, whereas minimally invasive surgical treatments can be considered for unstable type IIIB injuries, especially in young and active patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the optimal treatment approach in patients with higher functional needs, especially in high-level athletes.

변증논치(辨證論治)와 병증변치(病證辨治) 장단점의 비교고찰 - 고혈압과 두통의 예를 중심으로 -

기유종,신선중,한원영,한유창,이선동,Gi, Youjong,Shin, Sunjoong,Han, Wonyoung,Kim, Hyundo,Han, Yoochang,Lee, Sundong 대한예방한의학회 2017 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Objectives : Comparative review was rendered to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of two common treatment approaches of treatment based on syndrome differentiation and treatment based on syndrome differentiation from disease. A typical symptom of headache from hypertension was chosen for substantial approach of this review. Methods : Pros and cons of two different approaches to disease were evaluated based on literatures and texts focusing treatment based on syndrome differentiation and treatment based on syndrome differentiation from disease. Headache can be correlated with hypertension yet it can be induced by multiple other factors, and headache may/may not accompany hypertension. Hypertension is an example of treatment based on syndrome differentiation from disease and headache can be an example of treatment based on syndrome differentiation. Results : Treatment based on syndrome differentiation can give more autonomy and flexibility in approach to the disease, Intuition, experience, and traditional medical theory can be applied with ease. However, management and eradication of diseases are difficult and standardization of treatment is not easy among practitioners. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation from disease incorporated merits of both eastern and western medicines, achieving more evidence based diagnosis and treatment. Eradication and standardization of disorders are possible with the latter approach. Conclusions : Comparing two systems of treatment based on syndrome differentiation and treatment based on syndrome differentiation from disease with emphasis on hypertension and headache yielded medical values. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation from disease appears to be superior in medical values and effectiveness, but further evaluation and interest are needed to make advancement in Korean traditional medicine.

정향나무의 꽃봉오리를 이용한 퍼머넌트 웨이브 모발의 모발보호효과

박미나 ( Mi Na Park ),고경숙 ( Kyoung Sook Ko ) 대한미용문화예술학회 2015 대한미용문화예술학회지 Vol.4 No.1

This study attempted to determine the effects of hair protection by investigating the characteristics and possibilities of hair cosmetics using the hot water extracts of Clove and then hair-protection effects were confirmed through pre-treatment and post-treatment at chemical treatments. At the chemical treatments, the general treatment was divided into pre treatment(NP) and general treatment post-process(NA). Then, the Clove-based treatment was divided into pre-treatment(CP) and post processing(CA). According to the analysis, tensile strength was the highest in the Clove extract treatment group. At consecutive treatments, ‘CA’ which processed treatment for Clove, was the highest. In terms of hair thickness, the Clove group was greater than the general treatment group. When measured to determine the morphological characteristics of ‘Hair’ at 20,000 magnifications using SEM, the Clove extract post-treatment group (CP) revealed the highest value (471.4 ± 30.435㎚). Regarding hair composition under the EDS, Clove extract post-treatment group was the highest with 09.50% interms of sulfur content. The results confirmed that Clove extract treatment is extremely effective in easing hair damage which is caused by consecutive dyeing after permanent. In fact, the use of Clove extract for post-processing is the simplest away to minimize hair damage. Therefore, the Clove extract treatment would be effective in preventing hair damage and keeping hair healthy and glossy.

사회불안장애 인지행동집단치료에서의 치료 반응자 특성 연구: 초기 지표와 치료변화 양상을 중심으로

임수지,김소정,권정혜 한국임상심리학회 2016 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.35 No.2

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is recommended as the treatment of choice for social anxiety disorder (SAD). Despite the well-demonstrated efficacy of CBT, response rates to CBT for SAD are not high; non-response rates are as high as 25~64%. Therefore, finding indicators of treatment response and differences between responders and non-responders seems important for the development of more efficacious treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine indicators of treatment response and compare treatment responders and non-responders to cognitive behavioral group therapy (CBGT) for Koreans with SAD. Thirty-nine individuals who completed 12 sessions of CBGT for SAD were classified as either treatment responders or non-responders according to their post-treatment scores on the Social Phobia Scale (SPS) and the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS) and to the median SPS and the SIAS change scores. Treatment responders were defined as those who showed over the median change scores and significant symptom reduction in social anxiety from clinical level to non-clinical level. According to the results, there were no significant differences in demographic and diagnostic characteristics between treatment responders and non-responders in the SPS and the SIAS. However, there were differences in the severity of social interaction anxiety at the beginning of treatment between SPS responders and SPS non-responders and somatic symptoms at the beginning of treatment between SIAS responders and SIAS non-responders. In addition, there were significant differences in the patterns of self-focused attention changes during treatment of SPS responders and SPS non-responders even when controlling for initial group differences. The SIAS responders showed a greater reduction in dysfunctional beliefs and probability judgment bias and the cost judgment bias.

퍼머넌트와 염색 연결시술시 정향트리트먼트 적용시점에 따른 모발보호효과

박미나,정지영,고경숙 한국인체미용예술학회 2016 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.17 No.1

This study attempted to determine the effects of hair protection by investigating the characteristics and possibilities of hair cosmetics using the hot water extracts of Syzygium aromaticum and then hair-protection effects were confirmed through pre-treatment and post-treatment at consecutive chemical treatments. At the consecutive chemical treatments, the general treatment was divided into pretreatment(N1) and general treatment post-process(N2). Then, the Syzygium aromaticum-based treatment was divided into pre-treatment(J1) and post processing(J2). According to the analysis, tensile strength was the highest in the Syzygium aromaticum extract treatment group. At consecutive treatments, ‘J2’ which processed treatment for Syzygium aromaticum, was the highest. In terms of hair thickness, the Syzygium aromaticum group was greater than the general treatment group. When measured to determine the morphological characteristics of ‘Hair’ at 20,000 magnifications using SEM, the Syzygium aromaticum extract post-treatment group (J2) revealed the highest value (373.98±10.83㎚). Regarding hair composition under the EDS, Syzygium aromaticum extract post-treatment group was the highest with 07.77% interms of sulfur content. The results confirmed that Syzygium aromaticum extract treatment is extremely effective in easing hair damage which is caused by consecutive dyeing after permanent. Therefore, the Syzygium aromaticum extract treatment would be effective in preventing hair damage and keeping hair healthy and glossy.

中國의 外資關係法과 內國民待遇

全淳信 법무부 2006 통상법률 Vol.- No.67

Since the end of 1978, China has transformed its economic and political structures by adopting an 'Open Door Policy', promoting international trade and welcoming foreign investment in China. In 1998, China's exports were US $ 183,8 billion and US $ 240 billion of foreign capital has been already invested in China. In 2004, China was third in international trade with a total volume of US $ 1.1 trillion and foreign direct investment (hereinafter 'FDI') in China nearly mounted to US $ 60 billion. Thus, much of this growth in trade can be attributed to FDI. However, the Chinese FDI legal system is far from well-established. There are, of course, many factors which are slowing legal development in China. For example, an influence of a planned socialist economy, a lack of concern for long-running policies and practice, corruption and lack of transparency and others. Long-term investors are concerned about the standards of investment treatment offered by China. There are three broad categories of treatment standards in foreign investment law: national treatment, most-favored-nation treatment and fair and equitable treatment. China has not hesitated to confer most-favored-nation treatment and fair and equitable treatment, but has been reluctant to promise national treatment to foreign investment. Foreign investors has desired national treatment as one of the most important safeguards for an equal competition market in host country. Applicable scopes of and reservations to national treatment in the FDI legal system, naturally, vary from country to country. This thesis focuses on the national treatment in the Chinese FDI legal system. Part Ⅱ reviews national treatment in international law. Part Ⅲ examines bilateral investment treaties and the TRIMs agreement. Part Ⅳ studies the status quo of national treatment in Chinese FDI law and particularly analyzes the change in the Chinese legal system, and the feasibility of adopting national treatment in Chinese FDI regimes. In conclusion, it takes a long time to adopt national treatment, but it's time for China to start. The development of the economy and the legal system in China has provided a better situation for China to adopt national treatment. Recently China abolished some obstacles which were inconsistent with WTO TRIMs agreement, to become a member of the WTO. But China has to adopt a more comprehensive national treatment to create a more favorable legal system to foreign direct investment.

피부레이저 인식 및 치료현황에 대한 설문조사

이예진 ( Ye Jin Lee ),이상형 ( Sang Hyung Lee ),최지호 ( Jee Ho Choi ),박천욱 ( Chun Wook Park ),박영립 ( Young Lip Park ),김유찬 ( You Chan Kim ),조상현 ( Sang Hyun Cho ),이동윤 ( Dong Youn Lee ),강훈 ( Hoon Kang ),손상욱 ( Sang 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회지 Vol.55 No.1

Background: Skin laser treatment has improved significantly and has become an effective treatment approach for many skin diseases while also having applications for beauty treatments. However, since skin laser transfers energy directly to the skin, the misuse of such treatment may result in permanent damage to skin tissues. Objective: This survey of Korean adults, conducted to obtain their perspectives on and their treatment experience with skin laser treatment, will be used to determine the current status of skin laser treatment and to identify necessary changes to ensure proper and safe conduct of skin laser treatment. Methods: From April 5^th to April 12^th, 2016, a survey was conducted to obtain information regarding the perspectives and the treatment experience of adults aged 20∼59 years. Results: Approximately 50% of the participants had experience with skin laser treatment, and among these, 24.7% had not received treatment at a dermatology clinic. Compared to treatment at a dermatology clinic, the danger of side effects was 1.7 times higher at a non-dermatology clinic, 2 times higher at a skin care shop, and 5.3 times higher at an Oriental medical clinic. Among patients who received skin laser treatment, 16.1% experienced side effects, and among these, 1 out of 4 patients visited a non-dermatologist for treatment of these side effects. Conclusion: The results of the survey showed that in order for the public to receive safe and effective skin laser treatment based on professional diagnosis, there is a definitive need to provide correct information to the public and to implement changes to ensure proper understanding of skin laser treatment among this population. (Korean J Dermatol 2017;55(1):8∼19)

Part II. What drives Korean adults to seek orthodontic treatment: Factors contributing to orthodontic treatment decisions

Oh, Min-Hee,Park, Ae-Hyun,Kim, MinSoo,Kim, Eun-A,Cho, Jin-Hyoung The Korean Association Of Orthodontists 2021 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.51 No.1

Objective: This study aimed to identify the perceptions of orthodontic treatment among Korean adults and determine the factors that drive them to seek orthodontic treatment. Methods: A total of 2,321 adults aged 19-64 years were surveyed using an internet research system from a specialized research company. The participants were divided into the following groups based on their experience of and willingness to undergo orthodontic treatment: experience, acceptance, and non-acceptance groups. The characteristics of the participants were compared using analysis of variance with post-hoc analysis. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed in all three models with the non-acceptance group as a reference. Results: In terms of demographic characteristics, age, gender, marital status, and education had significant influences on orthodontic treatment decisions in adults in the experience and acceptance groups (p < 0.001). When all the factors were analyzed, age, marital status, past dental treatment experience, regular oral examinations, demand for orthodontic treatment, optimal treatment period, health insurance coverage, information on orthodontic treatments, perceptions regarding orthodontic treatment, and psychosocial impact of dental esthetics significantly influenced orthodontic treatment decisions in adults in the experience and acceptance groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings suggest that various factors influence orthodontic treatment decisions in adults. Individuals who seek orthodontic treatment were found to undergo more regular dental treatment and oral examination than those who did not. They also had a better perception of orthodontic treatment and more negative values for the psychosocial impact of dental esthetics.