Shading Effect of Different Colored Polyethylene net on Seeding Growth ofPanax ginseng C. A. Meyer

이성우 한국약용작물학회 2006 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate spectral irradiance characteristics of blue, yellow, and blue-black colored polyethylene (PE) shading net and the effect on growth characteristics and yield in ginseng seedling. The spectral irradiance (μmol/m2/s/㎚) showed the peak at 498 ㎚ in both of blue and blue-black PE shading net, and 606 ㎚ under yellow PE one. The intensity of blue light in blue shading was more strong than that of blue-black shading, control. Blue shading was increased by 17% and 23% in accumulated quantum for daytime, 0.5℃ and 0.2℃ in maximum temperature on June 2 than that of yellow and blue-black shading, respectively, but heat injury ratio of the former was lower than that of the latter. Chlorophyll content and stem length in blue shading were decreased more significantly than those of yellow and blue-black shading. The specific leaf weight was higher under blue and yellow shading than that of blue-black shading. Ginseng seedling harvested in blue shading was increased by 13~17% in the number of root, and 17~20% in root weight per ㎡ compared to yellow and blue-black shading owing to the increase of survived plant, and the decrease of specific leaf weight, heat injury ratio, and stem length.

Shading Effect of Different Colored Polyethylene net on Seeding Growth of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

Sung-Woo Lee,Seon-Woo Cha,Dong-Yun Hyun,Young-Chang Kim,Seung-Won Kang,Nak-Sul Seong 韓國藥用作物學會 2006 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate spectral irradiance characteristics of blue, yellow, and blue-black colored polyethylene (PE) shading net and the effect on growth characteristics and yield in ginseng seedling. The spectral irradiance (μmol/m2/s/nm) showed the peak at 498 nm in both of blue and blue-black PE shading net, and 606 nm under yellow PE one. The intensity of blue light in blue shading was more strong than that of blue-black shading, control. Blue shading was increased by 17% and 23% in accumulated quantum for daytime, 0.5℃ and 0.2℃ in maximum temperature on June 2 than that of yellow and blue-black shading, respectively, but heat injury ratio of the former was lower than that of the latter. Chlorophyll content and stem length in blue shading were decreased more significantly than those of yellow and blue-black shading. The specific leaf weight was higher under blue and yellow shading than that of blue-black shading. Ginseng seedling harvested in blue shading was increased by 13~17% in the number of root, and 17~20% in root weight per m 2 compared to yellow and blue-black shading owing to the increase of survived plant, and the decrease of specific leaf weight, heat injury ratio, and stem length.

Shading Effect of Different Colored Polyethylene net on Seeding Growth of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer

Lee, Sung-Woo,Cha, Seon-Woo,Hyun, Dong-Yun,Kim, Young-Chang,Kang, Seung-Won,Seong, Nak-Sul The Korean Society of Medicinal Crop Science 2006 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate spectral irradiance characteristics of blue, yellow, and blue-black colored polyethylene (PE) shading net and the effect on growth characteristics and yield in ginseng seedling. The spectral irradiance $({\mu}mol/m^2/s/nm)$ showed the peak at 498 nm in both of blue and blue-black PE shading net, and 606 nm under yellow PE one. The intensity of blue light in blue shading was more strong than that of blue-black shading, control. Blue shading was increased by 17% and 23% in accumulated quantum for daytime, $0.5^{\circ}C and $0.2^{\circ}C$ in maximum temperature on June 2 than that of yellow and blue-black shading, respectively, but heat injury ratio of the former was lower than that of the latter. Chlorophyll content and stem length in blue shading were decreased more significantly than those of yellow and blue-black shading. The specific leaf weight was higher under blue and yellow shading than that of blue-black shading. Ginseng seedling harvested in blue shading was increased by $13{\sim}17%$ in the number of root, and $17{\sim}20%$ in root weight per $m^ 2 compared to yellow and blue-black shading owing to the increase of survived plant, and the decrease of specific leaf weight, heat injury ratio, and stem length.

전면적차광과 부분차광이 콩 엽록소 형광 반응에 미치는 영향

조유나 ( Yuna Cho ),조은이 ( Euni Jo ),정재혁 ( Jae-hyeok Jeong ),윤창용 ( Changyong Yoon ),안규남 ( Kyunam An ),조재일 ( Jaeil Cho ) 한국농림기상학회 2021 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.23 No.3

광은 식물 광합성에 반드시 요구되는 에너지이다. 차광의 종류를 전면차광과 부분차광으로 구분하고, 각각의 차광 조건에서 생육한 콩의 엽록소 형광을 관측하여 광합성능을 평가하였다. 전면차광에서는 SPAD값으로 대표되는 엽록소 농도와 광이용효율을 표현하는 ETR (Electron Transport Rate)이 크게 낮아졌다. 차광 박스 제거 후에 SPAD와 ETR 모두 대조구와 같은 정도가 되었으나, 열 소산 기작을 나타내는 NPQ (Non-Photochemical fluorescence Quenching)는 높아졌다. 이렇게 전면차광을 겪었던 콩의 광이용효율은 회복했지만, 높아진 NPQ가 광인산화 효율을 떨어뜨리므로 실제 노지 광합성량은 필연적으로 낮아질 것이다. 부분 차광에서도 SPAD와 ETR이 대조구와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, NPQ는 높은 모습을 보였다. 따라서, 도시 농업 또는 영농형 태양광과 같은 부분차광 조건의 광합성량은 단순히 작물의 광이용효율과 누적 광 에너지량으로 계산한 추정값보다 작을 것으로 예상된다. The growth experiment under shading condition has been performed to understand the eco-physiological responses of crops to light in terms of photosynthesis. There are two types of shading: overall shading and partial shading. In this study, the chlorophyll fluorescence of soybean was observed under the overall shading of the box made by polyresin and the partial shading at agrivoltaic system. The overall shading condition during vegetative growth induced lower SPAD and Electron transport rate (ETR). These lower values recovered after removal of shading box. However, the Non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) became lower under overall shading and higher under partial shading. Such increase in NPQ limited crop photosynthesis even though the ETR was almost same to the control without shading treatment. Under the condition of partial shading, the values of SPAD and ETR for soybean did not change. However, the NPQ was higher than control condition. This suggests that the crop photosynthesis under both types of shading would be decreased by different eco-physiological processes which are the lower ETR in overall shading and the higher NPQ in partial shading despite the reduced light under shading conditions.

차광정도가 임간초지 혼파초지의 식생 및 목초생산성에 미치는 영향

김원호,김현섭,박형수,정종성,최기춘,Kim, Won Ho,Kim, Hyun Seup,Park, Hyung-Su,Jung, Jeong Sung,Choi, Ki-Choon 한국초지조사료학회 2017 한국초지조사료학회지 Vol.37 No.4

본 연구는 임간초지에서 차광정도에 따른 목초의 식생변화 및 생산성을 조사하기 위해서 수행되었다. 본 시험구는 충남 천안 소재 국립축산과학원 축산자원개량부 천연 임간초지 시험포에서 2014년 4월부터 2016년 8월까지 3개년에 걸쳐 수행하였다. 시험구는 차광정도를 달리하여 관행구(10%이하), 25% 이하, 35% 이하 및 50% 이하로 하였으며 공시작물로써 톨페스큐(Furumi), 오차드그라스(Kodiwin), 페레니얼라이그라스(Linn), 켄터키블루그라스(Kenblue), 화이트클로버(Ladino)를 이용하였다. 본 시험의 임간초지 식생구성은 오차드그라스가 가장 높았고 페레니얼라이그라스, 켄터키블루그라스, 톨페스큐 순으로 높았다. 혼파초지에서 차광정도가 높을수록 목초의 건물수량은 감소되었으며 차광정도가 높은 상태에서 예취횟수가 많아지면 목초생산성은 현저하게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 차광 정도가 높을수록 목초의 조단백질 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 통계적인 차이는 보이지 않았다 그리고 ADF 및 NDF 함량, 가소화영양소 총량 그리고 소화율에서도 차이를 보이지 않았다. 또한 상대적 사료가치도 차광정도에 따라 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 따라서 오차드그라스는 임간초지에서 매우 중요한 목초이며 특히 차광정도가 심할수록 오차드그라스의 효과는 높을 것이라 생각한다. The present study was carried out to explore the potential effect of shading degrees on yields and nutritive values of forage in forest-grassland. This experiment was conducted this study under different natural shading at National Institute of Animal Science, Cheonan province in Korea, for 2 years (from 2015 to 2016). This experiment was consisted of four different shading degrees, such as full sunlight (control, 10% below), 25% of shading, 35% of shading, 50% of shading. Pasture species used in this study were orchardgrass 'Kodiwin', perenial ryegrass 'Linn', tall fescue 'Purumi', kentuky bluegrass 'Kenblue', and white clover 'Ladino'. Botanical composition of orchardgrass was higher than that of perenial ryegrass, tall fescue and kentuky bluegrass. Dry matter (DM) yields of forage decreased as increasing shading degrees. DM yields of forage significantly decreased as increasing shading degrees and lots of cutting times under increasing shading degrees decreased DM yields of forage. The content of crude protein increased as increasing shading degrees and the contents of acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the activity of total digestible nutrient (TDN) and in-vitro digestibility (IVD), and relative feed value (RFV) were similar in control and different shading. This study suggests that orchardgrass is major component for forest-grassland and establishment of orchardgrass can be improved by increasing shading degrees.

굴거리나무 2년생 용기묘의 피음수준별 묘목품질 특성

송기선 ( Ki Seon Song ),최규성 ( Kyu Seong Choi ),성환인 ( Hwan In Sung ),전권석 ( Kwon Seok Jeon ),안경진 ( Kyoung Jin An ),김종진 ( Jong Jin Kim ) 한국산림과학회 2015 한국산림과학회지 Vol.104 No.3

This study was carried out in order to closely examine quality index by shading level of 2-year-old (1-1 seedling) container seedling of Daphniphyllum macropodum which is known as the species of having shade tolerance that is evergreen broad leaved tree in the warm temperate region. The shading treatment was regulated with the shading level of full sunlight, and 35%, 55%, 75%, 95% of full sunlight. As a result of surveying growth according to the shading level, both height and root collar diameter were surveyed to be the highest with 45.1 cm and 8.22 mm, respectively, under 75% of shading. The next was surveyed to be 43.2 cm & 8.05 mm and 42.5 cm & 7.98 mm, respectively, in order of 35% and 55% in shading. Leaf, shoot, root, and whole dry mass production were the highest under 75% of shading. The next was higher in leaf, stem, and whole dry mass production under 55% of shading. A root was higher under 35% of shading in the next. H/D ratio was the range of 5.29~5.35 under the 35~75% shading that showed the relatively high height and root collar diameter. T/R ratio was the lowest with 1.17 under 35% of shading. It was 0.41 under 95% of shading as for LWR, 0.24 under 75%-95% of shading as for SWR, and 0.46 under full sun and 35% shading as for RWR. QI was the highest with 3.74 under 75% of shading. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, it is concluded that the production of D. macropodum seedling is more effective under 75% shading

순차적 2중차광에 따른 차나무의 생육변화

심두보(Doobo Shim),권미진(Mi Jin Kwon),강은주(Eun-Ju Kang),조경환(Kyung Hwan Cho),손용휘(Yong-Hwi Son),송성화(Seong-Hwa Song),정광희(Gwang Hui Jeong),김종철(Jong Cheol Kim),황정규(Jung Gyu Hwang) 한국차학회 2020 한국차학회지 Vol.26 No.1

말차는 차광하여 재배한 찻잎을 비비지 않고 건조한 것을 덴차라고 하며 이를 분말기기로 갈아 미분상으로 제조한 것을 의미하는데 차광기간, 형태 등의 재배기술에 따라 품질에 차이가 크게 발생한다. 본 연구는 순차적 2중차광에 따른 찻잎의 생육과 생리적 변화가 고품질 말차 생산에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 그 결과, 찻잎 수확 전 엽록소함량은 순차적 2중차광(52.7) > 1중차광(49.9) > 비차광(40.2) 순으로 높았으며, 엽록소형광(Fv/Fm)은 순차적 2중차광(0.73) > 1일차광(0.67), 비차광(0.53) 순으로 측정되었다. 정규식생지수(NDVI)는 순차적 2중차광(0.72) > 1중차광(0.70) > 비차광(0.65) 순이 였으며, 단순식생지수(SR)는 순차적 2중차광(3.04) > 1중차광(2.82) > 비차광(2.30) 순으로 조사되었다. 엽장, 엽폭 및 엽면적은 1중차광 > 순차적 2중차광 > 비차광 순으로 생육이 높았으며, 절간길이는 비차광 > 순차적 2중차광 > 1중차광 순으로 조사되었다. 잎 표면의 녹색도(G-value)는 순차적 2중차광(62.9) > 1중차광(56.4) > 비차광(51.9)로 측정되었다. 전체적인 생리 및 생육상태를 보면 순차적 2중차광이 1중차광보다 찻잎의 색도를 증가시켜주고 차나무의 차광 스트레스 경감에도 효율적으로 판단된다. The term “matcha” means that tea leaves cultivated by shading are prepared by pulverizing the leaves with a grinding machine (such as using a stone mill or a ball mill) and this makes the tea leaves into a fine powder. There is a great difference in quality depending on cultivation techniques such as the shading period and the type of shading. This study investigated the effect on the growth and physiological changes of tea leaves on the production of high quality green tea according to the use of sequential double shading. As a result, the chlorophyll content before harvesting of tea leaves was higher in order of sequential double shading (52.7) > single shading (49.9) > non-shading (40.2), and chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was measured in the order of sequential double shielding (0.73) > single shielding (0.67) > non-shielding (0.53). The order of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was sequential double shading (0.72) > single shading (0.70) > non-shading (0.65), and the simple ration index (SR) was in the order of sequential double shading (3.04) > single shading (2.82) > non-shading (2.30). The leaf length, leaf width and leaf area were higher in order of single shading > sequential double shading > non-shading, and the internode length was in the order of non-shading > sequential double shading > single shading. The G-value of the leaf surface was in the order of sequential double shading (62.9) > single shading (56.4) > non-shading (51.9). The overall physiological and growth status shows that the sequential double shading increases the color of the tea leaves better than does single shading, and sequential double shading is effective in reducing the shading stress of tea plants.

여름철 수시차광에 의한 온실 환경변화가 오이의 광호흡, 엽온, Thermal breakdown 등 생육에 미치는 영향

김동억(Dong Eok Kim),권진경(Jin Kyung Kwon),홍순중(Soon Jung Hong),이종원(Jong Won Lee),우영회(Young Hoe Woo) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2020 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.29 No.3

본 연구에서는 여름철 고온기 시설재배시 수시차광이 내부환경과 오이 생리적 반응에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 온실차광이 오이의 고온 스트레스 완화 정도를 추정하기 위하여 잎 온도, 엽기온차, 최대 카르복실화속도, 최대 전자전달 속도, 열파괴, 광호흡과 같은 오이의 생리적 반응을 측정 분석하였다. 오이 시설하우스의 차광율은 90% 수시차광, 40% 수시차광, 무차광 3수준의 실험 조건으로 하였다. 90% 수시차광은 외부 일사량이 650 W·m<SUP>-2</SUP>일 때 차광되도록 하였다. 기온, 일사량, 엽온, 엽기온차, 광호흡은 90%의 수시차광에서 40% 수시차광과 무차광 처리 보다 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 최대 카르복실화속도, 광호흡율은 90% 수시차광 온실이 다른 처리구보다 유의하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 고온저항성을 나타내는 thermal breakdown 값은 90%의 수시차광에서 다른 처리구 보다 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 90% 수시차광이 여름철 오이 재배에 있어 고온스트레스를 덜 받는 생육환경을 조성하였다는 결과를 얻었다. This study was conducted to investigate cucumber plants response to greenhouse environments by solar shading in greenhouse in the summer. In order to estimate heat stress reduction of cucumber plants by solar shading in greenhouse, we measured and analyzed physiological conditions of cucumber plants, such as leaf temperature, leaf-air temperature, rubisco maximum carboxylation rate, maximum electron transport rate, thermal breakdown, light leaf respiration, etc. Shading levels were 90% mobile shading of full sunlight, 40% mobile shading of full sunlight and no shading(full sunlight). The 90% shading screen was operated when the external solar radiation is greater than 650 W·m-2. Air temperature, solar radiation, leaf temperature, leaf-air temperature and light leaf respiration in the 90% shading of full sunlight was lower than those of 40% shading and no shading. Rubisco maximum carboxylation rate, arrhenius function value and light leaf respiration of the 90% shading were significantly lower than those of 40% shading and no shading. The thermal breakdown, high temperature inhibition, of 90% shading was significantly higher than that of 40% shading and no shading. Therefore, these results suggest that 90% mobile shading made a less stressful growth environment for cucumber crops.

유색칼라 조직배양묘 온실 순화를 위한 차광조건 구명

고재영,최강준,변선배,방순배 한국화훼학회 2016 화훼연구 Vol.24 No.2

강원도에서 육성한 유색칼라 ‘Lip Glow’와 외국품종인 ‘Captain Safari’ 조직배양묘의 최적 순화 기술 개발로 종구 자 급화 및 농가 실질 소득 증대에 기여하고자 본 연구를 실시하 였다. 순화실은 하우스 형태(1.2 × 6 × 1.5m)이며, 차광(0, 50%)과 흑색차광망(50, 90%) + PE 필름으로 밀폐한 것을 비 교하였다. ‘Lip Glow’의 순화는 흑색차광망 90% + PE 필름 처 리에서 23일째부터 초장이 가장 크고 엽수가 많았고 이후 생 육속도도 빨랐다. 정식 후 45일째의 근수가 많고 근장도 길었 으며, 생체중은 무차광의 1.6배, 건조중은 1.4배 무거웠고, 괴 경 생존율은 81.1%로 무차광 34.2%에 비해 우수하였다. 유색 칼라 ‘Captain Safari’의 순화는 흑색차광망 50% + PE 필름과 흑색차광망 90% + PE 필름 처리에서 23일과 30일째 초장이 크고 엽수가 많았고 이후 생육속도도 빨랐다. 정식 후 45일째 흑색차광망 50% + PE 필름 처리의 초장이 가장 크고 및 엽장 도 가장 많았다. 정식 후 61일째 차광 50% + PE 필름 처리에 서 근수 8.9개로 가장 많고, 근장 13.1cm로 가장 길고, 생체중 5.6g로 무차광의 1.9배, 건조중 1.0g로 무차광의 2.6배 더 무 거웠다. 수확 후 괴경중은 차광 50% + PE 필름 처리에서 5.6g으로 가장 무겁고, 구주도 6.7cm로 가장 컸으며, 생존율 60.6%로 가장 높았지만 차광 50%와 차광 90% + PE 필름 처 리와 유의차는 없었다. 따라서 유색칼라 조직배양묘의 최적 순화 기술로 국내품종인 ‘Lip Glow’는 차광 90% + PE 필름 처 리가, 외국품종인 ‘Captain Safari’ 는 PE 필름 여부와 관계없 이 차광 50% 이상 처리가 효과적이었다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of shading on greenhouse acclimatization of the tissue culture plantlets of Zantedeschia spp. ‘Lip Glow’ and ‘Captain Safari’ to contribute to the self-support tubers and increase farmer’s real income. Treatments included shading (0, 50%) and shading (50, 90%) + PE film (polyethylene film) on acclimatization chamber (1.2 × 6 × 1.5 m). The proper acclimatization treatment of ‘Lip Glow’ was 90% shading plus PE film with the highest plant height, the most leaf number and the fastest growth speed on 23 days after planting. On 45 days after planting the treatment resulted in increased root number and root length, fresh weight by 1.6 times and dry weight by 1.4 times compared with non shading treatment. And its tuber survival rate was 81.1% higher than 34.2% of non shading treatment. But the proper acclimatization treatment of ‘Captain Safari’ was 50% shading plus PE film with the highest plant height, the most leaf number and the fastest growth speed on 23 and 30 days after planting. On 61 days after planting, the treatment showed increased root number of 8.9 and root length of 13.1 cm, fresh weight by 1.9 times and dry weight by 2.6 times compared with non shading. And in 50% shading plus PE film treatment, tuber weight and tuber survival rate after harvest were 5.6 g and 60.6%, but there were no difference among 50% shading, 50% shading plus PE film and 90% shading plus PE film treatments. So 90% shading plus PE film treatment in ‘Lip Glow’ and more than 50% shading in ‘Captain Safari’ were effective in the proper acclimatization method of the tissue culture plantlets of Zantedeschia spp.

Adaptive Partial Shading Determinant Algorithm for Solar Array Systems

Wellawatta, Thusitha Randima,Choi, Sung-Jin The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2019 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.19 No.6

Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) under the partial shading condition is a challenging research topic for photovoltaic systems. Shaded photo-voltaic module result in complex peak patterns on the power versus voltage curve which can misguide classical MPPT algorithms. Thus, various kinds of global MPPT algorithms have been studied. These have typically consisted of partial shading detection, global peak search and MPPT. The conventional partial shading detection algorithm aims to detect all of the occurrences of partial shading. This results in excessive execution of global peak searches and discontinuous operation of the MPPT. This in turn, reduces the achievable power for the PV module. Based on a theoretical investigation of power verse voltage curve patterns under various partial shading conditions, it is realized that not all the occurrences of partial shadings require a global peak search. Thus, an intelligent partial shading detection algorithm that provides exact identification of global peak search necessity is essential for the efficient utilization of solar energy resources. This paper presents a new partial shading determinant algorithm utilizing adaptive threshold levels. Conventional methods tend to be too sensitive to sharp shading patterns but insensitive to smooth patterns. However, the proposed algorithm always shows superb performance, regardless of the partial shading patterns.