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영농형 태양광 패널의 부분 차광 생육 환경이 작물 전자전달효율과 비광화학적 형광소멸에 미치는 영향
조유나 ( Yuna Cho ),김현기 ( Hyunki Kim ),조은이 ( Euni Jo ),오도혁 ( Dohyeok Oh ),정회정 ( Hoejeong Jeong ),윤창용 ( Changyong Yoon ),안규남 ( Kyunam An ),조재일 ( Jaeil Cho ) 한국농림기상학회 2021 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.23 No.2
영농형 태양광은 동일 토지면적에서 태양광 패널에 의한 발전과 작물 경작을 융합한 시스템이다. 광 에너지가 부족한 영농형 태양광 하부에서 작물의 수확량이 감소하는 것은 필연적이나, 이를 관장하는 패널 하부에서 생육한 작물의 광합성 반응에 대해서는 국내외적으로 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구는 고정형 영농형 태양광 시설 하부에서 재배된 작물 잎에 흡수된 광 에너지가 광합성 반응 중심에 전달되고 열로 방출되는 효율을 엽록소 형광 관측을 통해 조사하였다. 패널 하부와 노지의 콩과 벼는 ETR에서 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 보아 광인산화 효율보다는 잎이 흡수한 광 에너지 에 따라 CO<sub>2</sub> 고정량이 결정되는 것으로 보인다. 또한, 패널 하부의 콩과 벼는 노지보다 NPQ가 더 높은 것으로 보아 활성화된 광보호기작이 광인산화로의 에너지 분배에 부정적 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 향후 영농형 태양광에서의 작물 생산량과 광합성의 관계를 이해하기 위해 보다 다양한 기후 및 재배조건에서의 광합성 반응을 조사할 필요가 있겠다. An agrivoltaic system (AVS) is a system of innovation that comprises productions of photovoltaic power and agricultural crops on the same area. However, the decline in crop yield will be fatally occurred because the pigments of crop absorbs less light energy under AVS. In addtion, the photosynthetic capacity of crop grown under the partial shading of AVS is not well reported. In this study, the electron transport rate (ETR) and non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) of soybean and rice under the AVS in Boseong and Naju was investigated using chlorophyll fluorescence measurement. The ETR value of soybean and rice under AVS were not significantly differed by location. It represents that the photophosphorylation rate of the crops is not critically different. It means that the decreases in total photosynthesis under AVS were mostly affected by the amount of light absorbed by leaves. Under AVS the photosynthesis of crops will be lower than field crops grown in open fields. This is because the crops under AVS observed higher NPQ, which means that the available energy cannot distribute to photophosphorylation reaction.
전면적차광과 부분차광이 콩 엽록소 형광 반응에 미치는 영향
조유나 ( Yuna Cho ),조은이 ( Euni Jo ),정재혁 ( Jae-hyeok Jeong ),윤창용 ( Changyong Yoon ),안규남 ( Kyunam An ),조재일 ( Jaeil Cho ) 한국농림기상학회 2021 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.23 No.3
광은 식물 광합성에 반드시 요구되는 에너지이다. 차광의 종류를 전면차광과 부분차광으로 구분하고, 각각의 차광 조건에서 생육한 콩의 엽록소 형광을 관측하여 광합성능을 평가하였다. 전면차광에서는 SPAD값으로 대표되는 엽록소 농도와 광이용효율을 표현하는 ETR (Electron Transport Rate)이 크게 낮아졌다. 차광 박스 제거 후에 SPAD와 ETR 모두 대조구와 같은 정도가 되었으나, 열 소산 기작을 나타내는 NPQ (Non-Photochemical fluorescence Quenching)는 높아졌다. 이렇게 전면차광을 겪었던 콩의 광이용효율은 회복했지만, 높아진 NPQ가 광인산화 효율을 떨어뜨리므로 실제 노지 광합성량은 필연적으로 낮아질 것이다. 부분 차광에서도 SPAD와 ETR이 대조구와 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, NPQ는 높은 모습을 보였다. 따라서, 도시 농업 또는 영농형 태양광과 같은 부분차광 조건의 광합성량은 단순히 작물의 광이용효율과 누적 광 에너지량으로 계산한 추정값보다 작을 것으로 예상된다. The growth experiment under shading condition has been performed to understand the eco-physiological responses of crops to light in terms of photosynthesis. There are two types of shading: overall shading and partial shading. In this study, the chlorophyll fluorescence of soybean was observed under the overall shading of the box made by polyresin and the partial shading at agrivoltaic system. The overall shading condition during vegetative growth induced lower SPAD and Electron transport rate (ETR). These lower values recovered after removal of shading box. However, the Non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ) became lower under overall shading and higher under partial shading. Such increase in NPQ limited crop photosynthesis even though the ETR was almost same to the control without shading treatment. Under the condition of partial shading, the values of SPAD and ETR for soybean did not change. However, the NPQ was higher than control condition. This suggests that the crop photosynthesis under both types of shading would be decreased by different eco-physiological processes which are the lower ETR in overall shading and the higher NPQ in partial shading despite the reduced light under shading conditions.
열화상 카메라 활용을 위한 토양비료, 차광생육, 유전특성 차이 관련 작물생리 원격탐지
문현동,조유나,조은이,김현기,김보경,정회정,권동원,조재일,Moon, Hyun-Dong,Cho, Yuna,Jo, Euni,Kim, Hyunki,Kim, Bo-kyeong,Jeong, Hoejeong,Kwon, Dongwon,Cho, Jaeil 대한원격탐사학회 2022 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.38 No.6
The leaf temperature is principally regulated by the opening and closing of stomata that is sensitive to various kinds of plant physiological stress. Thus, the analysis of thermal imagery, one of remote sensing technique, will be useful to detect crop physiological condition on smart farm system and phenomics platform. However, there are few case studies using a thermal imaging camera on the agricultural application. In this study, three cases are presented: the effect of lime fertilizer on the rice, the different physiological properties of soybean under shading condition, and the screening of soybean breeds for salinity tolerance characteristic. The leaf temperature measured by thermal imaging camera on the three cases was used effectively to the physiological change and characteristics. However, the thermal imagery analysis requires considering the accuracy of measured temperature and the weather conditions that affects to the leaf temperature.
작물 가뭄스트레스 조기탐지 가능성 타진을 위한 서로 다른 종류의 식생지수 활용
문현동,조은이,조유나,김현기,김보경,이유현,정회정,권동원,조재일,Moon, Hyun-Dong,Jo, Euni,Cho, Yuna,Kim, Hyunki,Kim, Bo-kyeong,Lee, Yuhyeon,Jeong, Hoejeong,Kwon, Dongwon,Cho, Jaeil 대한원격탐사학회 2022 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.38 No.6
The irrigation schedule system using early detection of crop water stress is required to maintain crop production and save water resource. However, because previous studies focused on the crop under stress dominant condition, the crop physiological properties, which can be measured by remote sensing technique, on early crop water stress condition are not well known. In this study, the canopy temperature, MERIS Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI), and Chlorophyll/Carotenoid Index (CCI) are observed on the soybeans given the early water stress using thermal imaging camera and hyperspectral camera. The increased canopy temperature and decreased MTCI are consist with the previous studies which are for the crop of stress dominant-sign. However, the CCI was increased contrary to expectation because it may faster the reduction of carotenoid than chlorophyll in early stage. These behaviors will be useful to not only develop the irrigation system but also using the early detection of crop stress.
수직 축 회전형 측각기 제작 및 야외 지표면 반사도 관측 시험: 타프와 잔디에서
문현동,조은이,김현기,조유나,김보경,안호용,류재현,조재일,Moon, Hyun-Dong,Jo, Euni,Kim, Hyunki,Cho, Yuna,Kim, Bo-Kyeong,Ahn, Ho-Yong,Ryu, Jae-Hyun,Cho, Jaeil 대한원격탐사학회 2022 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.38 No.6
Vegetation indices using the reflectance of selected wavelength, associating with the monitoring purpose such as identifying the progress of crop growth, on the vegetation canopy surface is widely used in the digital agriculture technology. However, the surface reflectance anisotropy can distort the true value of vegetation index related to the condition of surface, even though the surface property be unchanged. That causes difficulty to observe accurately crop growth on the monitoring system. In this study, a simple type goniometer was designed to measure the reflectance from the anisotropic surface according to various zeniths and azimuths of sun and viewing sensor in the field. On the tarp like as Lambertian surface, the reflectance of Blue, Green, Red, Near-Infrared band was similar to the tarps' reflectance properties. However, the reflectance was slightly overestimated in the cloudy day. The relative difference values of vegetation indices on grass were overestimated for the forward viewing and underestimated for the backward viewing. In addition, enhanced vegetation index (EVI) showed less sensitive according to the positions of sun and sensor viewing. Field observation with a goniometer will be helpful to understand the anisotropy characteristics on the vegetation surface.
농업적 활용을 위한 산란일사와 직달일사 관측 자료: 나주에서 2019년 5월부터 2020년 11월까지
김현기 ( Hyunki Kim ),문현동 ( Hyun-dong Moon ),조유나 ( Yuna Cho ),신서호 ( Seo-ho Sin ),김종현 ( Jong-hyeon Kim ),이양원 ( Yang-won Lee ),조재일 ( Jaeil Cho ) 한국농림기상학회 2021 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.23 No.2
농업용 유리온실 또는 플라스틱하우스의 투과율을 산정하거나 영농형 태양광 하부 작물의 수광량을 평가할 때, 그리고 작물 군락 광합성량을 모의하거나 분석할 때에 직달과 산란 일사량을 구분하여 접근할 필요가 있다. 본고에서는 산란과 직달 일사량 자료의 농업적 활용 촉진을 위해 나주에서 2019년 5월부터 2020년 11월까지 측정한 자료를 공개하였다. 또한, 기존 연구에서 9개의 산란계수 추정식을 본 자료로 검증하였다. 추정식들 대부분은 결정계수(R<sup>2</sup>)가 0.79∼0.80, RMSE가 0.13∼0.15의 범위를 가졌다. 직달·산란 일사량의 농업적 활용을 높이기 위해 본 데이터뿐만 아니라 다양한 자료가 관측되고 공개되어야 할 것이고, 그에 따른 추정식도 정교화될 필요가 있다. Global solar radiation consists of direct and diffuse radiations. Both components are necessary for not only atmospheric science and solar energy domains but also agricultural applications. In this study, the data of direct and diffuse radiations are uploaded to Github. It was observed in Naju during May 2019 to November 2020. Using this data, the previous empirical equations using the relation between clearness index and diffuse ratio were validated. All coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) and RMSE were similar as 0.79∼0.80 and 0.13∼0.15. However, to get the lower RMSE, other non-linear approaches will be required with more observation data.
항공 및 선박 목시조사에 의한 서해 중부 연안해역의 상괭이(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis) 자원량 추정
이종희 ( Jong Hee Lee ),이경리 ( Kyunglee Lee ),어남규 ( Namgyu Uh ),김민주 ( Min Ju Kim ),조유나 ( Yuna Cho ),김현우 ( Hyun Woo Kim ),박겸준 ( Kyum Joon Park ) 한국수산과학회 2023 한국수산과학회지 Vol.56 No.6
This study was conducted to estimate the abundance of narrow-ridged finless porpoises Neophocaena asiaeorientalis in the West Coast of Korea, where they predominantly inhabit. Sighting surveys were conducted in March and November 2021-2022 using vessels and aircraft during the same time periods and along the same survey transects. The aerial surveys yielded significantly more sightings than shipboard surveys, with 8.5-21.6 times the abundance and 6.3-16.9 times the number of observations. The detection rates were 0.000-0.047 and 0.0103 to 0.539 per km<sup>2</sup> for shipboard and aerial surveys, respectively. The densities were estimated to be 0.003-0.061 and 0.236-1.898 individuals per km2 in the shipboard and aerial surveys, respectively. The shipboard survey conducted in March 2022 and the aerial survey conducted in November 2021 had the highest detection rates and abundance. In the coastal waters, shipboard sighting surveys face numerous challenges due to factors such as fishing gear, islands, and shallow water depths. In contrast, aerial surveys have the advantage of a shorter survey period and are less affected by weather, fisheries, coastal lines, and other variables. Thus, they are highly suitable for studying narrow-ridged finless porpoises in the coastal areas of the West Sea.