경북 북부지역에서 파종량과 질소 시비량이 호밀의 종자생산에 미치는 영향

류정기,한옥규,박정현,황보순,조익환 한국국제농업개발학회 2016 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.28 No.3

The study was conducted to determine proper seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer level for the effective seed production of Winter Rye (Secale cereale L.) with randomized block design with three replicates by combining both seeding rates (3, 5, and 7 kg/10a) and different nitrogen fertilizer application levels (0, 3, 6, and 9 kg/10a) in northern area of Gyeongbuk province from Oct. 7, 2013 to Jun. 15, 2014. Emergence and overwintering rates were not influenced but lodging degree was influenced by seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer level. High lodging were observed at the seeding rates and nitrogen fertilizer levels of more than 5 kg/10a and 6 kg/10a, respectively (p < 0.01). Lodging less than 20% were observed at the seeding rate of 3 kg/10a regardless of the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level, furthermore, no lodging was shown though seeding rate was increased up to 7 kg/10a under the condition without nitrogen fertilizer. No. of leaves per plant, plant height and culm length were increased as affected by the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level rather than the increase of seeding rate. Spike length was shortened as affected by the increase of seeding rate while it was lengthened by the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level with no interaction effect between the two factors. No. of stems and spikes per m2 were influenced by the increase of nitrogen fertilizer level rather than by seeding rate with no interaction effect between the two factors. Grain yield was significantly increased as influenced by the increases of seeding rate (A) and nitrogen fertilizer level (B) with interaction effect (A × B), which resulted in the highest grain yield (310 kg/10a) at the seeding rate of 5 kg/10a and the nitrogen fertilizer level of 3 kg/ 10a. In conclusion, the proper seeding rate and fertilizer application level would be 5 kg/10a and 3 kg/ 10a, respectively to effectively produce the winter rye seeds in northern Gyeongbuk province.

신개발 심층시비장치를 이용한 심층시비가 벼와 콩 수량에 미치는 영향

홍성창,김민욱,김진호 한국환경농학회 2023 한국환경농학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Nitrogen fertilizer is an essential macronutrient that re-quires repeated input for crop cultivation. Excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers can adversely affect the environ-ment by discharging NH3, NO, and N2O into the air and leaching into surrounding water systems through rainfall runoff. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a technology that reduces the amount of nitrogen fertilizer used without compromising crop yields. Fertilizer deep placement could be a technology employed to increase the efficiency of ni-trogen fertilizer use. In this study, a deep fertilization de-vice that can be coupled to a tractor and used to inject fer-tilizer into the soil was developed. The deep fertilization device consisted of a tractor attachment part, fertilizer amount control and supply part, and an underground fer-tilizer input part. The fertilization depth was designed to be adjustable from the soil surface down to a depth of 40 cm in the soil. This device injected fertilizer at a speed of 2,000 m2/hr to a depth of 25 to 30 cm through an under-ground fertilizer injection pipe while being attached to and towed by a 62-horsepower agricultural tractor. Furthermore, it had no difficulty in employing various fertil-izers currently utilized in agricultural fields, and it oper-ated well. It could also perform fertilization and plowing work, thereby further simplifying agricultural labor. In this study, a newly developed device was used to inves-tigate the effects of deep fertilizer placement (FDP) com-pared to those with urea surface broadcasting, in terms of rice and soybean grain yields. FDP increased the number of rice grains, resulting in an average improvement of 9% in rice yields across three regions. It also increased the number of soybean pods, resulting in an average increase of 23% in soybean yields across the three regions. The re-sults of this study suggest that the newly developed deep fertilization device can efficiently and rapidly inject fer-tilizer into the soil at depths of 25 to 30 cm. This fertilizer deep placement strategy will be an effective fertilizer ap-plication method used to increase rice and soybean yields, in addition to reducing nitrogen fertilizer use, under con-ventional rice and soybean cultivation conditions. .

시설 참외 관비재배시 생육단계별 질소시비기준 설정

정규석(Kyu-Seok Jung),정강호(Kang-Ho Jung),박우균(Woo-Kyun Park),송요성(Yo-Sung Song),김계훈(Kye-Hoon Kim) 한국토양비료학회 2010 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.43 No.3

This experiment was conducted to establish the optimum nitrogen application level for oriental melon at Seong-ju Fruit Vegetable Experiment Station with a fertigation system. Four different levels of nitrogen fertigation were applied to oriental melon and growth of the plant was analyzed. Plant samples were collected 8 times and were analyzed by the standard methods. The first fertigation was applied at 10 days after transplanting for the oriental melon based on the growth rates of the plants. For oriental melon, 10 day interval fertigation and 8 time split application of fertilizer could be recommended. The amounts of N, P, and K fertilizer recommended by soil testing was 249-408-315 (kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP>). Treatment levels were 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times of soil testing nitrogen with P and K level fixed. The total nitrogen (T-N) content in dried leaf showed a tendency to increase until 30 days after transplanting, then decreased. T-N content increased with increasing nitrogen fertigation rates. T-N content in dried fruit decreased slightly during the whole growing season. Fresh weight and nitrogen uptake were increased with increasing nitrogen fertigation rates. Total yield and marketable yield, 44,550 kg ha<SUP>-1</SUP> and 42,880 kg ha-1<SUP></SUP>, were maximized at 0.5 times of soil test nitrogen. Ratio of marketable fruit, 95%, was the highest at 0.5 times of soil test nitrogen. The optimum level of nitrogen for fertigation system was 0.5 times soil test nitrogen judging from total yield, commodity yield and commodity fruit.

시설재배 토양의 염류집적 방지를 위한 효율적 시비관리

박효택,홍순달 충북대학교 한국과학재단 지정 첨단원예기술개발 연구센터 1998 연구보고서 Vol.3 No.-

토양중 질산태 질소 함량이 14mg/kg에서 225 mg/kg의 범위를 갖는 시설재배 토양 9개 종류에서 무비구, 표준시비량의 50%구, 100%구 및 150%구의 4개 시비수준으로 배추의 수량반응, 비료효과 및 시비효율 등을 검토하였다. 무비구 배추 건물중과 토양의 질산태 질소 함량은 유의성 있는 정의 상관을 나타냈고 시비구와 무비구의 건물중, 질소흡수량 및 질산태 질소흡수량의 차이로 평가한 비료효과 및 시비효율과는 유의성있는 부의 상관을 보였다. 질산태 질소함량에 따른 시비수준별 건물중 반응의 관계로부터 표준시비량이 적용되는 질산태 질소 기준은 50mg/kg 미만으로 추정되었고, 질산태 질소함량과 비료효과 및 시비효율과의 회귀관계로부터 평가된 무시비 재배를 위한 질산태 질소 함량은 200 mg/kg 이상으로 추정되었다. 따라서 토양중 질산태 질소 함량 50 mg/kg에서 200 mg/kg 사이의 질소시비량 추천식은 Y=-0.6667x + 133.33이었다.(Y:질소시비량 %, x: 시험전토양의 NO₃-N mg/kg). To establish N fertilizer recommendation method for the chinese cabbage grown in the plastic film house based on the soil test of nitrate nitrogen, relationship between content of soil nitrate and fertilizer effects and fertilizer N use efficiency were investigated for nine soils which contained different nitrate nitrogen from 14mg/kg to 226mg/kg. The nitrate nitrogen showed the positive correlation with dry weight of chinese cabbage in the plot of no fertilization and the negative correlation with fertilizer effects calculated by differences in the dry weight and in the amounts of N, P, and K uptakes of plants between the plots of fertilization and no fertilization and fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency of plant. The content of nitrate nitrogen in soil was more than 200 mg/kg for recommendation of no N fertilization and less than 50 mg/kg for the standard N fertilization. An equation for the recommendation of fertilizer N for chinese cabbage based on nitrate nitrogen in the soil ranged from 50 mg/kg to 200 mg/kg was suggested.

질소시비수준이 콩의 생육 및 isoflavone 함량에 미치는 영향

이미자,박종철,오영진,김경호,김형순,이상복,김정곤 韓國作物學會 2006 Korean journal of crop science Vol.51 No.5

본 연구에서는 질소 시비수준이 생육시기별 식물체 및 종실에서 isoflavone함량에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 고속액체크로마토그래피(HPLC)를 이용하여 생육시기에 따른 식물체에서 isoflavone을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 질소시비 수준에 따른 일반생육은 50%증비구가 다른 처리에 비하여 가장 좋았는데, 엽수 및 엽면적이 표준비의 72.7개, 619.7cm2에 비하여 81.9개와 723cm2으로 증가하였다. 2. 수량 관련 형질 중에서 협수 및 종실수는 50%증비에서 개체당 31.9개와 72.3개로 가장 많았으며, 수량도 246 kg/10a로 다른 시비구에 비하여 가장 높았다. 무비와 N무비구에서는 협수가 24.9개/개체와 25.1개/개체, 립수는 60.3개/개체과 51.1개/개체, 수량은 181.0 kg/10a과 178.0 kg/10a으로 낮았다. 3. 생육시기에 따른 isoflavone 함량은 잎, 줄기, 뿌리에서 개화이후부터 립비대기(R5)까지는 감소하다가 이후 수확기(R7)까지 다시 증가하였다. 4. 식물체 부위별 isoflavone 함량은 뿌리에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 5. 시비수준에 따른 종실의 isoflavone 함량은 무비, N무비 및 50% 감비의 경우가 표준비나 증비보다 다소 높은 함량을 나타내었다. The nitrogen fertilization effect on growth characteristics and isoflavone content was investigated in this study, and isoflavone analyzed by HPLC with photodiode array (PDA) detector and reverse-phase C18 column. Fertilization levels were no-fertilization, no nitrogen, 50% decreased in nitrogen, standard and 50% increased in nitrogen fertilization. The 50% increased nitrogen fertilization showed the highest growth characteristics then other fertilization level and the number of pod and seed showed maximum value 31.9 and 72.3, respectively, and seed yield was 2,460 kg/ha. During growth stages, isoflavone content in leaf, stem and root of soybean plants decreased to R5 stage then increased to R7 stage. Isoflavone content according to various nitrogen fertilization condition, in case of none fertilization, no nitrogen, 50% decreased nitrogen fertilization showed higher value than those of standard and 50% increased nitrogen fertilization levels. Aglycon content among the isoflavone isomers showed much higher in plant than in seed. The highest isoflavone content was found in the root of soybean plant parts. Isoflavone content of seed was higher in none, no nitrogen, 50% decreased nitrogen than those of standard and 50% increased nitrogen fertilization

Effects of Urease Inhibitor, Nitrification Inhibitor, and Slow-release Fertilizer on Nitrogen Fertilizer Loss in Direct-Seeding Rice

Jae Hong Lee,Ho Jin Lee,Byun-Woo Lee 韓國作物學會 1999 Korean journal of crop science Vol.44 No.3

To study the effects of an urease inhibitor, N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), and a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), on nitrogen losses and nitrogen use efficiency, urea fertilizer with or without inhibitors and slowrelease fertilizer (synthetic thermoplastic resins coated urea) were applied to direct-seeded flooded rice fields in 1998. In the urea and the urea+DCD treatments, NH4 + -N concentrations reached 50 mg N L-1 after application. Urea+NBPT and urea+ NBPT+DCD treatments maintained NH4 + -N concentrations below 10 mg N L-1 in the floodwater, while the slow-release fertilizer application maintained the lowest concentration of NH4 + -N in floodwater. The ammonia losses of urea+NBPT and urea+NBPT+DCD treatments were lower than those of urea and urea+DCD treatments during the 30 days after fertilizer application. It was found that N loss due to ammonia volatilization was minimized in the treatments of NBPT with urea and the slow-release fertilizer. The volatile loss of urea+DCD treatment was not significantly different from that of urea surface application. It was found that NBPT delayed urea hydrolysis and then decreased losses due to ammonia volatilization. DCD, a nitrification inhibitor, had no significant effect on ammonia loss under flooded conditions. The slow-release fertilizer application reduced ammonia volatilization loss most effectively. As N03 [-10] -N concentrations in the soil water indicated that leaching losses of N were negligible, DCD was not effective in inhibiting nitrification in the flooded soil. The amount of N in plants was especially low in the slow-release fertilizer treatment during the early growth stage for 15 days after fertilization. The amount of N in the rice plants, however, was higher in the slow-release fertilizer treatment than in other treatments at harvest. Grain yields in the treatments of slow-release fertilizer, urea+NBPT+ DCD and urea+NBPT were significantly higher than those in the treatments of urea and urea+DCD. NBPT treatment with urea and the slow-release fertilizer application were effective in both reducing nitrogen losses and increasing grain yield by improving N use efficiency in direct-seeded flooded rice field.field.

Effects of Urease Inhibitor, Nitrification Inhibitor, and Slow-release Fertilizer on Nitrogen Fertilizer Loss in Direct-Seeding Rice

Lee, Jae-Hong,Lee, Ho-Jin,Lee, Byun-Woo The Korean Society of Crop Science 1999 Korean journal of crop science Vol.44 No.3

To study the effects of an urease inhibitor, N-(n-butyl)-thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), and a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), on nitrogen losses and nitrogen use efficiency, urea fertilizer with or without inhibitors and slowrelease fertilizer (synthetic thermoplastic resins coated urea) were applied to direct-seeded flooded rice fields in 1998. In the urea and the urea+DCD treatments, NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N concentrations reached 50 mg N L$^{-1}$ after application. Urea+NBPT and urea+ NBPT+DCD treatments maintained NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N concentrations below 10 mg N L$^{-1}$ in the floodwater, while the slow-release fertilizer application maintained the lowest concentration of NH$_4$$^{+}$ -N in floodwater. The ammonia losses of urea+NBPT and urea+NBPT+DCD treatments were lower than those of urea and urea+DCD treatments during the 30 days after fertilizer application. It was found that N loss due to ammonia volatilization was minimized in the treatments of NBPT with urea and the slow-release fertilizer. The volatile loss of urea+DCD treatment was not significantly different from that of urea surface application. It was found that NBPT delayed urea hydrolysis and then decreased losses due to ammonia volatilization. DCD, a nitrification inhibitor, had no significant effect on ammonia loss under flooded conditions. The slow-release fertilizer application reduced ammonia volatilization loss most effectively. As N0$_3$$^{[-10]}$ -N concentrations in the soil water indicated that leaching losses of N were negligible, DCD was not effective in inhibiting nitrification in the flooded soil. The amount of N in plants was especially low in the slow-release fertilizer treatment during the early growth stage for 15 days after fertilization. The amount of N in the rice plants, however, was higher in the slow-release fertilizer treatment than in other treatments at harvest. Grain yields in the treatments of slow-release fertilizer, urea+NBPT+ DCD and urea+NBPT were significantly higher than those in the treatments of urea and urea+DCD. NBPT treatment with urea and the slow-release fertilizer application were effective in both reducing nitrogen losses and increasing grain yield by improving N use efficiency in direct-seeded flooded rice field.field.

Effect of different application levels of rapeseed meal on growth and yield components of rice

박원,김광수,이지은,차영록,문윤호,송연상,정응기,안성주,홍석환,이용화 한국응용생명화학회 2017 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.60 No.4

Application of rapeseed meal as organic fertilizer improves soil environment and crop productivity by supplying the nutrients. This study aimed to investigate the optimal application levels of rapeseed meal for rice cultivation. Application of rapeseed meal increased the height of rice plants by about 5–10% compared to the control, and its application at a rate of 50, 100, 200, and 300 kg/0.1 ha increased the nitrogen content in rice leaves at 30 days after treatment by 107.3, 110.4, 114.7, and 114.7%, respectively, compared to the control. In treatments with a mixture of chemical fertilizer and rapeseed meal (50, 100, 200, and 300 kg/0.1 ha), the nitrogen content in rice leaves increased by 105.1–107.7% compared to that in the control; there was no significant difference between the treatment with chemical fertilizer only and that with the mixture of chemical fertilizer and rapeseed meal. The chemical properties of soil treated with rapeseed meal at 200 and 300 kg/0.1 ha or with the mixture of 200 kg/ 0.1 ha rapeseed meal and chemical fertilizer (1/2 level) showed that nitrate and ammonium increased in treated soils as compared to untreated soil. The yield and yield components were positively correlated with the application levels of rapeseed meal and the mixture of rapeseed meal and chemical fertilizer. The application of rapeseed meal at 100–200 kg/0.1 ha is considered optimal, and efficient application of nitrogen is achieved by mixing chemical fertilizer (11 kg/0.1 ha) with rapeseed meal (100–200 kg/ 0.1 ha).

신개발 심층시비장치를 이용한 심층시비의 밭작물 재배 효과

홍성창,김민욱,김진호,박성직 한국환경농학회 2023 한국환경농학회지 Vol.42 No.1

Nitrogen fertilizers applied to agricultural lands for crop cultivation can be volatilized as ammonia. The released ammonia can catalyze the formation of ultrafine dust (particulate matter, PM2.5), classified as a short-lived cli-mate change pollutant, in the atmosphere. Currently, one of the prominent methods for fertilizer application in agri-cultural lands is soil surface application, which comprises spraying the fertilizers onto the soil surface, followed by mixing the fertilizers with the soil. Owing to the low nitro-gen absorption rate of crops, when nitrogen fertilizers are applied in this manner, they can be lost from land surfaces through volatilization. Therefore, investigating a new fer-tilization method to reduce ammonia emissions and in-crease the fertilizer utilization efficiency of crops is nece- ssary. In this study, to develop a method for reducing am-monia emissions from nitrogen fertilizers applied to soil surfaces, deep fertilization was conducted using a newly developed deep fertilization device, and ammonia emis-sions from barley, garlic, and onion fields were examined. Conventional fertilization (surface application) and deep fertilization (soil depth of 25 cm) were conducted for analysis. The fertilization rate was 100% of the standard fertilization rate used for barley, and deep fertilization of N, P, and K fertilizers was implemented. Ammonia emis-sions were collected using a wind tunnel chamber, and quantified subsequently susing the indole-phenol blue method. Ammonia emissions released from the basal fer-tilizer application persisted for approximately 58 d, begin-ning from approximately 3 d after fertilization in conven-tional treatments; however, ammonia was not released from deep fertilization. Moreover, barley, garlic, and on-ion yields were higher in the deep fertilization treatment than in the conventional fertilization treatment. In con-clusion, a new fertilization method was identified as an al-ternative to the current approach of spraying fertilizers on the soil surface. This new method, which involves inject-ing nitrogen fertilizers at a soil depth of 25 cm, has the po-tential to reduce ammonia emissions and increase the yields of barley, garlic, and onion. .

밭토양 조건에서 유박과 아미노산 비료의 질소 무기화량 추정

임종욱,김송엽,윤영은,김장환,이상범,이용복 한국유기농업학회 2015 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.23 No.4

The potential of nitrogen mineralization was studied by applying organic fertilizer to soil and incubating at 25℃ for 28 weeks. The organic fertilizers used in this experiment were oil-cake (CF-Ⅰ, CF-Ⅱ) and amino acid fertilizer (AAF-Ⅰ, AAF-Ⅱ). Accumulated mineralized nitrogen (N) fits the frist-order kinetics during incubation. The N mineralization potential (No) for organic fertilizers treated soil was highest at AAF-Ⅱ treatment with a value of 27.71 N mg/100g, then followed by CF-Ⅱ, AAF-Ⅰ, CF-Ⅰ. The pure N mineralization potential (N0 treatment - N0 control) for CF-Ⅰ, CF-Ⅱ, AAF-Ⅰ, AAF-Ⅱ were 2.55, 5.83, 3.66, 8.57 N mg/ 100g, respectively. The amount of N mineralized from organic fertilizers applied soil ranged from 46% to 61% of the total N content in organic fertilizer. The half-life (t1/2) of organic nitrogen in soil treated with oil-cake and amino acid fertilizer was 17-21 days. Therefore, half of nitrogen contained in oil-cake and amino acid fertilizer was mineralized after 3 weeks application.