정당한 세상에 대한 믿음 점화가 긍정 정서, 부정 정서, 삶의 만족도, 가난에 대한 부정적 태도에 미치는 영향

김은하,정보현 한국상담학회 2018 상담학연구 Vol.19 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the priming of belief in a just world and belief in an unjust world would lead to differences on positive affect, negative affect, life satisfaction, and negative attitudes toward poverty. In study 1, 97 college students were randomly assigned to three groups (i.e., belief in a just world, belief in an unjust world, and control) and completed priming tasks. The results indicated that the belief in a just world group showed the highest level of positive affect, life satisfaction, and negative attitudes toward poverty but reported the lowest level of negative affect. In contrast, the belief in an unjust world group showed the lowest level of positive affect, life satisfaction, and negative attitudes toward poverty but the highest level of negative affect. In study 2, we examined how two types of belief in a just world, a personal belief in just world (BJW-self) and a general belief in a just world (BJW-others) would influence positive affect, negative affect, life satisfaction, and negative attitudes toward poverty when they were ignited. After priming of BJW-self and BJW-others in a sample of 75 college students, it was found that the BJW-self group had greater positive affect and life satisfaction but lower negative affect than the BJW-others group, whereas the BJW-others group had greater negative attitudes toward poverty than the BJW-self group. 본 연구에서는 정당한 세상에 대한 믿음이 점화될 때와 정당하지 않은 세상에 대한 믿음이 점화될 때 긍정 정서, 부정 정서, 삶의 만족도, 가난에 대한 부정적 태도에 어떠한 차이가 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해, 연구 1에서는 대학생 97명을 정당한 세상에 대한 믿음 조건, 정당하지 않은 세상에 대한 믿음 조건, 통제 조건으로 무선 할당시킨 후, 해당 점화 과제를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 정당한 세상에 대한 믿음을 점화시킨 집단이 가장 높은 긍정 정서, 삶의 만족도, 가난에 대한 부정적 태도를 보인 반면에 가장 낮은 부정 정서를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 반해, 정당하지 않은 세상에 대한 믿음을 점화시킨 집단이 가장 낮은 긍정 정서, 삶의 만족도, 가난에 대한 부정적 태도 그리고 가장 높은 부정 정서를 보고하는 것으로 확인되었다. 다음으로, 연구 2에서는 정당한 세상에 대한 믿음의 두 유형인 개인적인 정당한 세상에 대한 믿음(BJW-self)과 일반적인 정당한 세상에 대한 믿음(BJW-others)을 점화시켰을 때 긍정 정서, 부정 정서, 삶의 만족도, 가난에 대한 부정적 태도에 어떠한 차이가 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 대학생 75명을 BJW-self 조건과 BJW-others 조건으로 무선 할당시키고 해당 점화 과제를 실시한 결과, BJW-self를 점화시킨 집단이 BJW-others를 점화시킨 집단에 비해 긍정 정서와 삶의 만족도가 높고 부정 정서가 낮은 반면에 가난에 대한 태도는 부정적인 것으로 확인되었다.

코로나 팬데믹으로 인한 비일상성 경험과 건강행동이 부정정서, 불안, 직무소진, 신체화에 미치는 영향: 성별 및 연령 효과

이동훈,정다송,황희훈,김예진,남슬기 한국여성심리학회 2022 한국심리학회지 여성 Vol.27 No.1

This study explored the differences of psychological distress, non-dailiness, health behavior, and the influences of non-dailiness, health behavior on negative-affect, anxiety, burnout, somatization among gender and age groups during COVID-19. Online survey was conducted among 1,434 participants between February 19, 2021 and March 3. According to multiple-regression analysis, for women in 20/30s ‘parenting-difficulties’ predicted negative-affect, burnout, ‘social media-induced sleep problems' predicted negative-affect, anxiety, somatization, ‘the need for mental health care' predicted negative-affect, burnout, somatization. For men in 20/30s, ‘reluctance to use public transportation' predicted burnout, ‘activity-constraints' predicted negative-affect, ‘alcohol-assumption' predicted burnout, somatization, ‘social media-induced sleep problems' predicted anxiety, burnout, somatization, ‘preventive behaviors' predicted negative-affect, and ‘the need for mental health care' predicted negative-affect, somatization. For women over 40s, ‘reluctance to use public transportation' predicted negative-affect, ‘activity-constraints' predicted negative-affect, anxiety, ‘income-decreasing' predicted negative-affect, burnout, somatization, ‘social media-induced sleep problems' predicted negative-affect, anxiety, burnout, somatization, and ‘the need for mental health care' predicted negative-affect, anxiety, burnout, somatization. For men over 40s. ‘reluctance to use public transportation' predicted negative-affect, burnout, ‘parenting-difficulties’ predicted burnout, ‘social media-induced sleep problems' predicted negative-affect, anxiety, burnout, somatization, 'alcohol-assumption' predicted anxiety, burnout, somatization, and ‘the need for mental health care' predicted burnout, somatization. Implications and recommendations are presented.

아동용 정서경험척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증: 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서를 중심으로

이은경,이양희 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2006 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.19 No.4

The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first purpose was to construct the Children’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (CPANAS). For this purpose 141 preliminary terms were administered to 724 children in grades 5 through 6. The participants were asked to rate on a 4-point scale the extent to which they had recently experienced each emotion state. The data were analyzed using multiple regression, factor analyses. Result of the exploratory factor analysis supported a two-factor structure: Negative Affect, Positive Affect. Children’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale was constructed with the 57 emotion terms including 24 terms for Positive Affect and 33 terms for Negative Affect. The second purpose was to check reliability and validity of the constructed scale. In order to do this, test-retest reliability, internal consistency and concurrent validity checks were conducted. The same test was administered in two weeks. Test-retest reliability was .64(Pearson’s r), with sub-scale reliability for positive affect and negative affect being .76 and .83 respectively. Internal consistency for the entire 57 items was .98(Cronbach’s α), with .97 for positive affect and .98 for negative affect. The scale was compared with K-CDI to test for concurrent validity and proved to be -.74 with positive affect and .68 with negative affect. Virtually all relationships between Children’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale and K-CDI supported the validity of Children’s Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale. 본 연구는 아동들을 대상으로 한국의 특수한 문화와 정서에서 쓰이는 용어들을 추출하여 일상생활에서 경험하는 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서를 함께 측정할 수 있는 아동용 정서경험척도를 개발하여 그 구성된 척도의 신뢰도 및 타당도를 검증하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 일차적으로 정서 용어를 선정하기 위하여 예비연구가 실시되었으며, 예비연구에서 선정된 141개의 용어가 본 연구에 사용되었다. 예비조사를 실시한 후, 만 10~12세 남녀 초등학생 724명을 대상으로 본 조사를 실시하였다. 우선, 한국 아동들이 일상에서 자주 경험하지 않는다고 판단된 용어 48개가 분석에서 제외되었으며, 회귀분석을 통하여 구해진 R2가 1에 가까운 변수로 30개의 용어가 의미상 중복된다고 판단되어 분석에서 탈락되었다. 탐색적 요인분석 결과, 부정적 정서와 긍정적 정서로 2요인이 추출되었으며 최종 57개의 정서 용어들로 정서경험척도를 구성하였다. 2주 간격으로 실시한 정서경험척도의 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 .64(Pearson’s r)였으며, 긍정적 정서, 부정적 정서 각 하위 요인별 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 각각 .76, .83으로서 높은 신뢰도를 나타냈다. 57문항 전체의 내적일치도는 Cronbach’s α=.98이었으며, 긍정적 정서, 부정적 정서 각 하위 요인별 내적 일치도는 .97, .98로서 심리측정적으로 매우 양호한 구성타당도를 나타냈다. 소아우울척도(K-CDI)와의 상관분석 결과, 긍정적 정서와는 -.74, 부정적 정서와는 .68의 양호한 상관을 보여 적절한 공인 타당도를 나타냈다. 마지막으로 정서경험에서의 성별 및 학년별 차이를 알아 본 결과, 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서의 성별차이는 모두 유의미하였으며(F=5.63, p<.05, F=14.69, p<.001), 학년차이는 부정적 정서만이 유의미하였다(F=9.31, p<.01).

직무정서에 대한 변혁적 리더십의 영향과 조직효과성

오승희(Oh Seung Hee),권석균(Kwun Seog Kyeun) 한국인적자원관리학회 2016 인적자원관리연구 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구는 근로자가 경험하는 직무정서를 중심으로 변혁적 리더십의 영향력과, 직무정서의 효과성을 살펴보았다. 그동안의 정서 연구는 정서의 유의성, 즉 긍정정서와 부정정서를 중심으로 진행되어왔다. 그러나 정서는 유의성 차원뿐 아니라 고양된 정도를 보여주는 활성화 차원에 의해 여러 유형으로 나타난다. 이에 본 연구에서는 정서의 유의성과 활성화 차원을 고려하여 직무정서를 포괄적으로 구성하고 측정하였다. 직무정서의 선행요인으로는 직속상사의 영향력을 대변해주는 변혁적 리더십을 채택하였고, 정서의 효과성 변수로는 동기부여의 결과지표인 업무노력, 혁신성과의 지표인 창의행동, 그리고 부적 효과로서 조직과 직무로부터의 이탈의도를 선정하였다. 가설 검증을 위해서 구조방정식을 활용하였다. 분석 결과, 리더의 비전제시는 작업장 내 긍정정서를 높임과 동시에 부정정서를 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 직무정서와 효과성 변수와의 관계에서는 긍정정서가 업무노력과 창의행동을 유발시키고 이탈의도를 낮추는 것으로, 부정정서는 업무노력을 저해하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 연구결과를 바탕으로 이론적 및 실무적 시사점을 제시하였고 향후 연구방향을 제안하였다. This study aimed to examine the effects of transformational leadership on subordinates’ job affect and to investigate the effects of the affective states on work effort, creative problem-solving, and withdrawal intention. Following the affect circumplex structure, we measured the valence(positive/negative) and activation(energy expenditure: high and low) of affective states in organization. Therefore, job affect were adopted as variables: positive affect as enthusiasm, pleasantness, and relaxation, negative affect as nervousness, unpleasantness, and fatigue. Survey data collected from 397 employees in a Korean venture was examined by structural equation modeling. The results indicated that transformational leadership had influences on both types of job affect strongly. It was positively associated with positive affect, and negatively with negative affect. The results also showed that the relationships between job affect and organizational effectiveness varied by valence. Positive affect was significantly related with work effort, creative problem-solving, and withdrawal intention. However, negative affect was significantly associated with work effort only. It didn’t show statistically significant effects on other dependent variables. Based on these empirical findings, we discussed theoretical and practical implications for affect management, study limitations, and future research directions.

외적 속박감이 자살사고에 미치는 영향: 부정적 정서의 매개효과 및 정서대처 탄력성의 조절효과

이종선,강민철,조현주 한국임상심리학회 2012 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.31 No.4

The aim of the current study was to investigate the psychological mechanism of the risk and protecting factors related to suicidal ideation. A total of 401 university students participated in the current study. First, the question of whether external entrapment and negative affect have a significant influence on suicidal ideation, and whether negative affect mediates the relationship between external entrapment and suicidal ideation was examined. In addition, the question of whether the mediating effect of negative affect in relation to external entrapment and suicidal ideation is moderated by emotion coping resilience was investigated. According to the results, negative affect partially mediated the relationship between external entrapment and suicidal ideation, indicating that external entrapment not only has an indirect effect on suicidal ideation through negative affect, but also has a direct influence on suicidal ideation. In addition, such a mediating effect of negative affect appeared to be moderated by emotion coping resilience. In particular, university students with higher levels of emotion coping resilience, compared to those with lower levels, were more likely to be protected from being susceptible to suicidal ideation, even if both groups suffer from similar levels of negative affect. These results suggest that negative affect (e.g., depression, anxiety), which is well known as a significant risk factor of suicidal ideation, buffers against its pernicious impact on suicidal ideation in university students. Limitations and implications of the current study were discussed.

변혁적 리더십이 직무만족에 미치는 영향: 정서의 매개효과

조준희 한국전문경영인학회 2016 專門經營人硏究 Vol.19 No.3

This study examines effect of superior’s transformational leadership on job satisfaction and organizational members’ mediating effect of positive affect and negative affect between them. The author conducted a survey of business employees and total of 348 samples of the survey paper were collected and 313 samples were used in the final empirical analysis in order to achieve the study objectives from 2014.8 to 2014.11. The acquired questionnaires were analyzed using validity reliability, exploratory factor analysis, and regression analysis was applied using with SPSS VER 18.0K. In summary, the results are as follows. First, transformational leadership affect on members’ positive affect positively and negatively on negative affect. Second, positive affect and negative affect were all influence on job satisfaction. Thirdly, transformational leadership is having a positive influence on job satisfaction. Finally, positive affect and negative affect has mediating role in the relationship between transformational leadership and job satisfaction. In conclusion, transformational leadership in the organization is an important factor in job satisfaction and also organization member’s affects can be viewed as affecting job satisfaction. This shows that by executing the transformational leadership, member’s positive affect can be improved and on the other hand, negative affect can be lowed makes effective human resource management.

연구논문 : 집단의 특성과 효과성의 관계에 대한 정서 경험의 매개효과 -교차수준 연구-

최보인 ( Bo In Choi ),권석균 ( Seong Kyeun Kwun ) 한국인적자원관리학회 2012 인적자원관리연구 Vol.19 No.3

본 연구는 집단의 특성과 효과성 간의 관계에서 정서의 매개효과를 검증하기 위한 교차수준 연구이다. 먼저 집단의 특성으로서 프로세스 활성화와 집단구성원의 감정지능이 집단 내 정서 경험에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 집단 프로세스 활성화는 집단의 응집성, 협동성, 의사소통의 정도로 측정하였다. 한편 정서 경험은 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서로 구분하여, 긍정적 정서는 열정, 즐거움, 평온의 경험으로, 부정적 정서는 불안, 불쾌, 피로의 경험으로 측정하였다. 집단 효과성은 구성원의 학습 성장과 집단에 대한 만족도 등 개인수준에서 측정하였다. 연구가설로는 우선 집단의 맥락적 효과로서 집단 프로세스 활성화가 집단효과성에 미치는 교차수준의 영향관계를 구성원의 긍정적 및 부정적 정서 경험이 매개하는지 검증하였다. 아울러 집단 구성원의 개인특성인 감정지능이 구성원의 긍정적 및 부정적 정서 경험을 매개로 집단효과성에 영향을 미치는지에 대해서도 검증하였다. 실증의 결과, 긍정적 정서와 부정적 정서 모두 유의한 매개효과를 보여주었는데 전반적으로 긍정적 정서의 효과가 더 강하게 나타났다. 집단 프로세스 활성화와 집단효과성 간의 관계에 대하여 긍정적 및 부정적 정서는 모두 유의한 부분매개효과를 보여주었고, 감정지능과 집단효과성 간의 관계에서는 모두 유의한 완전매개효과를 보여주었다. 본 연구를 통해 집단구성원들의 정서 경험이 집단의 효과성을 높이는데 매우 중요한 변수라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 긍정적 정서가 집단의 중요한 자산이라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. A cross level study is designed to examine the mediating effects of affect on the relationship between group characteristics and individual-level group effectiveness. Group characteristics in this study include group process variables as well as group members` emotional intelligence. Selected group process variables are group cohesion, within-group cooperation and communication. Emotional intelligence is measured as the composite of 4 sub factors: self-emotions appraisal, others-emotions appraisal, use of emotion, and regulation of emotion. Group effectiveness variables are measured only at the individual level in this study. Those are group member`s team satisfaction as well as the degree of learning and growth through group activities, Adopted as mediators are the two factors of within-group affect experienced by individual group members: positive affect and negative affect. Positive affect is measured by the experienced passion, joy, and peace. Negative affect is measured by the experienced anxiety, discomfort, and fatigue. The survey data were collected from 358 employees in 50 work groups from the four large firms in Seoul metropolitan area. Empirical analyses resulted that both positive and negative affect types significantly mediate the relationship between group characteristics and effectiveness. The result also suggested stronger mediating effects of positive affect than negative affect in general. Both positive and negative affect types showed partial mediating effects on the relationship between group processes and effectiveness variables, while they showed complete mediating effects on the relationship between group member emotional intelligence and group effectiveness. The results of this study suggest that affective experiences by group members are critical to group effectiveness.

변혁적 리더십이 직무만족과 직무소외에 미치는 영향: 정서의 매개효과

강찬희(Chan-Hui Kang) 한국무역연구원 2019 무역연구 Vol.15 No.1

The main purposes of this study are to examine the effects of transformational leadership on job attitude (such as job satisfaction and job alienation) of organizational members and the mediating effect of affect(that is, positive affect and negative affect) on transformational leadership and job attitude (specifically, job satisfaction, job alienation). For this study, the sample consisted of 533 civil servants and used AMOS 19.0 statistical package in analysis. The results of analysis are as follows. First, there is a positive effect of transformational leadership on positive affect and a negative effect on negative affect. Second, there is a positive effect of transformational leadership to job satisfaction and a negative effect to job alienation. Third, there is a positive effect of positive affect on job satisfaction and a negative effect on job alienation. There is a negative effect of negative affect on job satisfaction and a positive effect on job alienation. Last, there is a mediating effect of affect (e.g. positive affect, negative affect) between transformational leadership and job attitude (e.g. job satisfaction, job alienation) of organizational members. These study results imply that transformational leadership can heighten positive affect and improve the job attitude of organizational members. Based on these study results, we suggested the need for further discussion amidst research limitations for effective human resource management.

Affective Priming Effect on Cognitive Processes Reflected by Event-related Potentials

Choong-Myung Kim(김충명) 한국콘텐츠학회 2016 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.16 No.5

본 연구는 스트룹(Stroop)과제를 이용하여 정서가(affective valence)로 구성된 역하의 정서유발 점화자극이 인지과제 수행에 영향을 미치는지와 일반인에서도 정서장애 환자와 같은 지표가 나타나는지를 반응시간과 ERP(사건관련전위) 패턴으로 확인해 보고자 하였다. 측정된 데이터는 정서가(긍정 및 부정)와 일치여부로 수행되는 인지과제의 조합으로 제시되어 수집되었고, 전위변화의 특성인 진폭과 정점 잠복기를 기준으로 그 효과가 검증되었다. 먼저 반응시간 행동분석 결과, 중립 정서자극을 제외한 역하의 정서자극에 의해 목표과제의 반응을 촉진하는 결과를 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 부가적으로 수집된 사건관련전위를 분석한 결과, 불일치 요인이 결합된 부정적 정서정보가 긍정적 정서정보에 비해 더 높은 음전위 및 지연된 잠복기를 보임으로써 표정과 관련된 정서유발-특정적인 N2효과를 확인하였다. 그리고 동일한 조건에서 긍정조건에 비해 유의한 차이의 양전위와 함께 더 짧은 잠복기를 보이는, 인지적 판단과정의 차이를 시사하는 P300의 효과도 관찰하였다. 이는 역하의 부정적 정서정보가 인지처리과정에서 자동적으로 억제되는 경향과 함께 해당 정서의 탐지를 가속시키는 한편, 주의자원의 적절한 재분배를 가능케 하여 목표자극의 반응을 촉진시킨 것으로 해석할 수 있으며, 기능적이고 인지적인 반응의 차이에서 역하효과를 비롯하여 과제 수행 정도에 영향을 끼치는 정서관련 재인과정의 중요성을 시사한다 할 수 있다. This study was conducted to investigate whether Stroop-related cognitive task will be affected according to the preceding affective valence factored by matchedness in response time(RT) and whether facial recognition will be indexed by specific event-related potentials(ERPs) signature in normal person as in patients suffering from affective disorder. ERPs primed by subliminal(30ms) facial stimuli were recorded when presented with four pairs of affect(positive or negative) and cognitive task(matched or mismatched) to get ERP effects(N2 and P300) in terms of its amplitude and peak latency variations. Behavioral response analysis based on RTs confirmed that subliminal affective stimuli primed the target processing in all affective condition except for the neutral stimulus. Additional results for the ERPs performed in the negative affect with mismatched condition reached significance of emotional-face specificity named N2 showing more amplitude and delayed peak latency compared to the positive counterpart. Furthermore the condition shows more positive amplitude and earlier peak latency of P300 effect denoting cognitive closure than the corresponding positive affect condition. These results are suggested to reflect that negative affect stimulus in subliminal level is automatically inhibited such that this effect had influence on accelerating detection of the affect and facilitating response allowing adequate reallocation of attentional resources. The functional and cognitive significance with these findings was implied in terms of subliminal effect and affect-related recognition modulating the cognitive tasks.

부정적 정서 유통에 따른 대인관계 문제의 영성효과: 트라우마를 중심으로

Eunsung LEE,Choong-Ik Choi 한국유통과학회 2019 유통과학연구 Vol.17 No.5

Purpose - This paper aims to examine a spirituality’s impact on the posttraumatic interpersonal relationships of family violence with a structural equation model(SEM). This article starts with the research idea that family violence experience bring about negative emotion in terms of interpersonal relationship leading to the distribution of negative affect in social relationship. The research question of this study pinpoints on how family violence experience affects interpersonal relationship problems and how spirituality affects interpersonal relations problems. Based on the idea, we attempts to deal with spirituality’s impact as a driving factor of transforming the distribution of negative affect. Research design, data, and methodology – The structural equation modelling(SEM) is employed as a analysis method of this study. SEM provides a chiefly cross-sectional statistical modelling method, and moreover it allows multiple variables to be associated with a latent variable in this analysis. 300 samples from Seoul, Gyeonggy and Gangwon are selected in the survey. We chose available 271 among them. Results – The results verify that trauma have placed an negative impact on personal relations. The study results also shows that the more serious get the degree of family violence trauma, the worse become interpersonal relationship problems. What is more interesting is that the degree of trauma’s impact on interpersonal relation problems in male is higher than that of trauma’s impact in female. It is mainly attributed to the fact that women are superior to men in terms of empathy ability and interpersonal relationship orientation. It can be noted that the well-managed spirituality will be able to make a great contribution towards reducing the degree of trauma caused by interpersonal relationships. Conclusions – The study results demonstrates that family violence have negative impacts on spirituality, while spirituality have an positive impacts on reduction the problems of interpersonal relationship. It has been found out that family violence trauma may cause negative affectivity in personal relations, which can distribute negative impacts regarding interpersonal relationship in society. This study also supports that spirituality will be able to function well as a helper, which may reduce the distribution of negative affect in society.