위치기반서비스 사용자의 지각된 가치와 위험이 보안강화의도와 지속이용의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 지각된 혜택과 위험을 중심으로

박경아,이대용,구철모 한국경영정보학회 2014 Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems Vol.24 No.3

The reason location based service is drawing attention recently is because smart phones are being supplied increasingly. Smart phone, basically equipped with GPS that can identify location information, has the advantage that it can provide contents and services suitable for the user by identifying user location accurately. Offering such diverse advantages, location based services are increasingly used. In addition, for use of location based services, release of user's personal information and location data is essentially required. Regarding personal information and location data, in addition to IT companies, general companies also are conducting various profitable businesses and sales activities based on personal information, and in particular, personal location data, comprehending high value of use among personal information, are drawing high attentions. Increase in demand of personal information is raising the risk of personal information infringement, and infringements of personal location data also are increasing in frequency and degree. Therefore, infringements of personal information should be minimized through user's action and efforts to reinforce security along with Act on the Protection of Personal Information and Act on the Protection of Location Information. This study aimed to improve the importance of personal information privacy by empirically analyzing the effect of perceived values on the intention to strengthen location information security and continuously use location information for users who received location-based services (LBS) in mobile environments with the privacy calculation model of benefits and risks as a theoretical background. This study regarded situation-based provision, the benefit which users perceived while using location-based services, and the risk related to personal location information, a risk which occurs while using services, as independent variables and investigated the perceived values of the two variables. It also examined whether there were efforts to reduce risks related to personal location information according to the values of location-based services, which consumers perceived through the intention to strengthen security. Furthermore, it presented a study model which intended to investigate the effect of perceived values and intention of strengthening security on the continuous use of location-based services. A survey was conducted for three hundred ten users who had received location-based services via their smartphones to verify study hypotheses. Three hundred four questionnaires except problematic ones were collected. The hypotheses were verified, using a statistical method and a logical basis was presented. An empirical analysis was made on the data collected through the survey with SPSS 12.0 and SmartPLS 2.0 to verify respondents' demographic characteristics, an exploratory factor analysis and the appropriateness of the study model. As a result, it was shown that the users who had received location-based services were significantly influenced by the perceived value of their benefits, but risk related to location information did not have an effect on consumers' perceived values. Even though users perceived the risk related to personal location information while using services, it was viewed that users' perceived value had nothing to do with the use of location-based services. However, it was shown that users significantly responded to the intention of strengthening security in relation to location information risks and tended to use services continuously, strengthening positive efforts for security when their perceived values were high.

위치기반 경보서비스를 위한 향상된 위치획득 알고리즘

송진우(JinWoo Song),안병익(Byung-Ik Ahn),이광조(Kwang-Jo Lee),한정석(JungSuk Han),양성봉(Sung-Bong Yang) 한국정보과학회 2010 정보과학회논문지 : 데이타베이스 Vol.37 No.1

최근 무선인터넷 기술의 발달과 응용의 확산으로 인하여 위치정보를 이용한 위치기반 서비스 형태는 매우 다양해지고 있으며, 국내외 시장에서 급속히 확산되고 있다. 위치기반 서비스의 기본적인 정보인 위치정보는 이동체 데이터로 관리되며, 현재까지 다양한 방법의 이동체 데이터 관리방법이 제시되고있다. 위치기반 서비스 중 특정지역에 진입하거나 벗어날 경우에 자동으로 정보를 제공하는 위치기반 경보 서비스는 현재 주요한 위치기반 서비스 중의 하나로서 주목을 받고 있다. 위치기반 경보서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 대상이 되는 이동체의 위치정보를 주기적으로 획득해야 한다. 이러한 방법은 이동성을 가지는 수많은 이동체의 위치정보를 지속적으로 획득해야 하며 이는 심각한 시스템 부하를 초래할 수 있다. 현재까지 연구되고 있는 이동체를 위한 위치획득방법은 모바일 사용자들이 동적이고 불규칙적인 이동속도 및 이동패턴을 보일 때 만족스러운 성능을 보여주지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 위치기반 경보서비스를 제공하기 위해 대용량의 위치정보를 획득함에 있어서, 이동체의 이동패턴을 이용하여 불필요한 위치정보 획득회수를 줄임으로써 시스템의 부하를 줄이는 효율적인 이동체 획득방법을 제안하였다. 또한 기존의 이동체 획득방법들과의 성능 비교를 통하여 본 논문에서 제안한 이동체 획득방법의 성능이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. Location-based services have been expanded rapidly in local and overseas markets due to technological advances and increasing applications of wireless internet. Various researches have been made to manage efficiently the location information of moving objects. A basic location-based alert service provides alerting messages automatically when either entering or leaving a specific location and it is expected to become one of the most important location-based services. Location-based alert services require a location polling method to acquire current locations for a large number of moving objects. However, a simple periodical location polling method causes severe system overload because a system should keep updating location information of the moving objects ceaselessly. Most location polling algorithms for location-based alerting services are not suitable for mobile users with dynamic and unsteady moving patterns. In this paper, we propose an improved location polling algorithm for location-based alerting services to reduce the amount of location information acquisition and therefore, to decrease the system load. Various experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other algorithms.

위치 기반 관광 정보 서비스 기술 동향

이우식(Woosik Lee),김남기(Woosik Lee) 한국정보기술학회 2013 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2013 No.5

최근 스마트폰의 빠른 보급과 위치 기반 서비스의 급증은 위치 기반 관광 정보 서비스의 중요성을 부각하고 있다. 위치 기반 관광 정보 서비스는 LBS (Location Based Service)의 한 형태로 텍스트, 이미지, 동영상과 같은 다양한 형태의 컨테츠를 웹 또는 앱 형태로 제공해 주는 서비스라고 할 수 있다. 이런 서비스는 Push와 Pull 형태로 컨텐츠 서비스를 제공받으며, Wi-Fi, Cell-ID, GPS, NFS와 같은 측위 기술을 통해 위치 정보를 제공 받는다. 이런 정보를 사용자는 아이폰, 겔럭시 폰, 아이패드, 겔럭시 노트 등과 같은 스마트 디바이스에 스토리텔링, 증강현실, 위키피디아, QR코드와 같은 서비스 기술을 사용하여 다양한 서비스를 체험할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 위치 기반 관광 정보 서비스에 대한 개념과 기술 동향을 살펴보며, 앞으로 위치 기반 관광 정보서비스가 나아가야 될 방향을 제시하고자 한다 Nowaday, location based tourism information service is important over time because of providing smartphone fastly and increasing location based service. Location based tourism information service is a type of LBS (Location Based Services) that supply various contents on web or app. This service received content service based on push and pull technologies and location service based on diverse location determination technologies such as wi-fi, cell-id, gps, and nfs. Consumers easily go through these services on smart devices such as iphone, galaxy phone, ipad, and palaxy tab using storytelling, augmented reality, wikipedia, and qr-code technologies. In this paper, we show a concept about location based tourism information service and technology trends. Lastly, we present a way of advanced location based tourism information service in the future.

Strategies for Promoting the Usage of Location-Based Services Based on Clustering and Association Rule Analysis

Dapeng Zhao,Jinhwa Kim 한국지능정보시스템학회 2013 한국지능정보시스템학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.11

The location-based services applications are increasingly be developed in today mobile service market to provide more add-value for both service providers and mobile phone users. However, without users’ active acceptance and continuous usage of LBS, the investment in time and money could be in vain. Lots of studies have been done regarding the acceptance and privacy issues related to location-based services. From empirical data, it is easy to explore the usage situation of location-based services for smart-phone users. However, it is difficult to understand the part of users who do not or rarely use location-based services since it is hard to tell the reason that those users do not use location-based services should be attribute to no interests to use LBS or they want to use but there are some unexpected reason that prevent them from disclosing their personal information. Therefore, in this study, smart-phone users were segmented into 5 clusters in terms of willingness to disclose information and real intention to try to use LBS. Subsequently the association rule analysis was applied to explore the characteristics in each cluster, and based on which results a comprehensive customer relationship management strategy was propose in order to promote the usage of location-based services.

Location Trigger System for the Application of Context-Awareness based Location services

Yon-Sik Lee(이연식),Min-Seok Jang(장민석) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2019 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.24 No.10

본 논문은 지능형 위치추적을 위한 위치트리거와 이동에이전트 시스템 기술을 적용하여, 상황인식 기반 위치서비스를 위한 위치트리거 시스템을 설계 및 구현한다. 또한, 트리거 및 조치 서비스 프로토콜 구현과 능동규칙 탑재 이동에이전트에 대한 실험을 통하여, 제안 시스템이 상황인식 기반 위치서비스의 특성에 따른 시스템 최적화 및 위치 기반 서비스 응용들에 대한 확장성과 유효성이 있음을 검증한다. 제안 시스템은 전력 사용자의 소비 패턴 및 행위 변화에 대한 시스템의 능동적 특성을 통한 자원 활용의 최적화 시스템 구축을 위한 예비 연구로써, 객체 위치 기반의 지능적 경고와 조치를 통한 환경 및 자원 활용 최적화와 다양한 위치서비스 응용 시스템 구축에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있다. Recent research has been actively carried out on systems that want to optimize resource utilization by analyzing the intended behavior and pattern of behavior of objects (users, consumers). A service system that applies information about an object"s location or behavior must include a location trigger processing system for tracking an object"s real-time location. In this paper, we analyze design problems for the implementation of a context-awareness based location trigger system, and present system models based on analysis details. For this purpose, this paper introduces the concept of location trigger for intelligent location tracking techniques about moving situations of objects, and suggests a mobile agent system with active rules that can perform monitoring and appropriate actions based on sensing information and location context information, and uses them to design and implement the location trigger system for context-awareness based location services. The proposed system is verified by implementing location trigger processing scenarios and trigger service and action service protocols. In addition, through experiments on mobile agents with active rules, it is suggested that the proposed system can optimize the role and function of the application system by using rules appropriate to the service characteristics and that it is scalable and effective for location-based service systems. This paper is a preliminary study for the establishment of an optimization system for utilizing resources (equipment, power, manpower, etc.) through the active characteristics of systems such as real-time remote autonomous control and exception handling over consumption patterns and behavior changes of power users. The proposed system can be used in system configurations that induce optimization of resource utilization through intelligent warning and action based on location of objects, and can be effectively applied to the development of various location service systems.

위치기반 서비스(LBS)를 활용한 모바일 마케팅 분석 - 국내 위치기반 SNS(LBSNS) 앱을 중심으로 -

한지숙 ( Han Ji-sook ),이운형 ( Lee Woon-hyung ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2013 한국디자인포럼 Vol.38 No.-

기술의 진화와 소비자의 변화로 인해, 고객에 대한 서비스와 기술이 점차 접목되는 현상을 많이 접할 수 있다. 위치기반 서비스(LBS)는 스마트폰의 핵심 플랫폼으로서 사용자에게 높은 가치를 전달하고 있으며 소셜네트워크 서비스(SNS, Social Network Service), 증강현실(AR, Augmented Reality), 게임 등 다른 킬러앱(App)과 연계하여 니즈(needs)를 충족시키는 다양한 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 위치기반 서비스와 소셜네트워크 서비스가 결합된 위치기반 SNS(LBSNS)에 주목하여 대표적인 LBSNS인 포스퀘어와 국내 아임IN, 씨온을 중심으로 서비스내용과 특징 및 마케팅 플랫폼과 마케팅사례를 분석하였다. 연구결과, 국내의 경우 아임IN의 마케팅 플랫폼 `아임IN Biz`는 ABC 마트, 파리바게뜨, LG bestshop, 종로구청과 비즈파트너를 맺고 있으며, 씨온은 `씨온샵(SeeOn Shop)`을 운영하며 미스터도넛, 버거헌터, 오뎅사께 등 유명 프랜차이즈 매장과 제휴를 맺으며 지속적인 마케팅을 펼치고 있었다. 또한, 씨온은 국내최초로 카페베네와 위치기반 모바일 마케팅을 진행하였고, 할리스, 버거킹, 미스터피자, 베니건스 등 위치기반 모바일 마케팅을 통해 체크인(Check-in)이 증가하며 브랜드와 매장 홍보효과를 본 것으로 나타났다. 이와같이, 위치기반 SNS는 사용자에게 높은 가치를 전달하고 소셜네트워크와 재미요소인 엔터테인먼트에 이르는 전범위에서 니즈(needs)를 충족시키는 능력을 지니며 마케팅효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. With the advancement of technology and change of consumers, we have encountered combination customer services with technologies. Location Based Service(LBS) currently conveys a high level of values to users as a core platform of smartphone, and provides various services meeting their needs by interconnecting with other killer Apps., such as social network service, augmented reality, games, etc. Paying attention to Location Based Social Network Service(LBSNS) combining location-based service with social network service, this study analyzed service contents and features as well as marketing platform and marketing examples, focusing on Foursqure, I`MIN, and SeeOn which are the exemplary LBSNS of Korea. The result showed that in Korea `I`MIN Biz`, which is a marketing platform of I`MIN, has affiliations with ABC Mart, Paris Baguette, LG bestshop and Jongro-gu Office and SeeOn Shop has been continuously promoting marketing through affiliations with famous franchise stores, such as Mister Donut, Burger Hunter, Oden Sake. In addition, SeeOn promoted location-based mobile marketing, together with Caffebene, for the first time in Korea, and increased the number of check-in through location-based mobile marketing with Hollys Coffee, Burgerking, Mr.Pizza, Bennigans, etc, which indicated that there was the effect of promoting its brand and store. As such, this study found that Location Based Social Network Service(LBSNS) has a capability to convey a high level of values to users and satisfy their needs in all scopes ranging from social network to entertainment, and has marketing effect.

U-LBS : 정밀 위치 데이터를 통한 차량 충돌 사고 위치 확인 시스템

문승진(Seung-Jin Moon),이용주(Yong-Joo Lee) 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.15 No.11

The spread of wireless Internet technology development and applications with location information in the form of location-based services are more varied. In particular, where you recognize the location of objects such as people and things, and to provide valuable services based on ubiquitous, location-based services (Ubiquitous Location Based Services: u-LBS) is emerging as an important service. In this paper precise location data to the car crash through the location and offers related service system. In this paper the precise location tracking proposed by the concept of the Rail, road, to extract the location Data Matching Data and the current location is obtained. System used in GPS Packet and information about the location of the vehicle collision and the collision time, the vehicle consists of NodeID is about. Using these data, a packet is to be created when the conflict between vehicles in the vehicle will be sent to Gateway. Gateway to the packets that were sent from the Server to determine whether the conflict is that in an emergency situation, Emergency Center for location information and let me know whether or not the conflict will be measured. Also, for those on the outside of an emergency such as a family related to the wireless terminal wireless (PDA, cell phone) is to let me know. Server get into the conflict that was configured to store information on the Database. Additionally, the proposed u-LBS system to verify the validity of the experiment was performed.

공간지리정보로서의 위치기반서비스 활용의 헌법적 쟁점에 관한 연구

이상경(Sangkyung Lee) 미국헌법학회 2016 美國憲法硏究 Vol.27 No.1

최근 들어 휴대전화를 활용한 위치추적서비스의 이용 및 SNS의 위치정보제공서비스 활용 등으로 말미암아 원치 않는 개인의 사생활이 노출되고 개인정보가 누출되는 사태가 빚어지고 있다. 위치기반서비스산업의 진작을 위하여 국가는 이러한 서비스제공에 관하여 국가의 통제를 전제로 허용하고 있지만 이에 따른 사생활 보호의 문제가 부각되고 있다. 따라서 다양한 형태의 위치기반서비스를 분석하여 사생활 침해의 문제, 규제방안 등에 관해 검토할 필요가 있다. 또한 위치기반서비스의 국가적 활용은 주로 범죄수사나 화재·재난시의 긴급구조목적 등의 활용을 말하는데 이러한 경우 미국과 우리나라에서 모두 주거의 압수·수색과 사전영장주의 요건 충족의 문제가 헌법적 쟁점이 되고 있다. 이러한 쟁점을 비교법적인 차원에서 검토하기 위해 미국 연방대법원의 판례의 태도를 분석한다. 특히 2012년 1월 23일 미국 연방대법원은 United States v. Jones 사건에서 차량에 대한 위성위치확인시스템(GPS) 장치를 “부착”하고 이를 이용하여 장기간차량의 움직임을 “감시”하는 행위는 미국 연방헌법 수정 제4조가 규정하는 영장을 필요로 하는 수색에 해당한다고 판결하였기 때문에 동 판례를 중심으로 살펴보되 비교·분석적 검토를 위해 United States v. Knotts, Katz v. United States 등 관련 판례들을 함께 간략히 고찰하였다. 미국 연방대법원의 판례를 비교·분석적으로 검토하기 위하여 다양한 의견을 제시하고 있는 대법관들의 입장을 정리하였다. 민간영역에서는 위치기반서비스 활용을 진작시키고 관련 산업을 육성·장려하기 위하여 위치정보의 보호 및 이용 등에 관한 법률을 제정·시행하고 있는바 동법이 매우 포괄적으로 위치정보를 규정하고 이에 대한 보호와 이용을 동시에 규율하는 등 규범체계 자체가 내재적인 문제를 안고 있다는 점을 지적하고 이에 대한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 향후 공간지리정보를 활용한 여러 위치기반서비스가 공·사적 영역에서 이루어지고, 특히 위성위치확인장치 등 첨단 기기사용을 통한 경찰 수사가 증대될 것으로 예상되므로 하루 빨리 그러한 장치를 활용하는 서비스의 허용 범위를 정하고 나아가 매년 증가하는 사생활의 자유에 대한 침해를 줄이고 개인정보보호에 만전을 기하면서도 위치기반서비스의 활용을 장려할 수 있는 구체적이고도 적절한 법적 기준과 대응책 마련이 필요하다는 점을 강조하였다. Recently, there have been many cases of the infringement on the right to privacy when the information service users utilize the cell-phone location based service and SNS location positioning service, and so forth. In order to promote location-based service industries, the government should take good care of both the control over the service providers and the protection of the users with respect to the service providers’ utilizing the private information. When the government utilizes the location based information to investigate crimes, there can be the issue of the “search warranty” under the 4the Amendment to the United States Constitution. Also, since this issue can be discussed similarly under the Korean Constitution Article 16 and 17 too, the comparative study on the US Supreme Court decisions and US legal system would be of good use. In this regard, this article examines United States v. Jones case handed down by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2012, compared to United States v. Knotts, and Katz v. United States. In order to analyze the Supreme Court’s stance, this article focuses on the examination of the opinions by Justices respectively. In addition, to support the civil sector’s utilization of the location based information services, this article suggests the advices regarding the revision of the current Location-Based Information Protection and Utility Law in Korea. For the future, it is necessary that the government should try to reduce the infringement on the right to privacy regarding especially private information when using location based information services or GPS in public sector, as well as try to encourage the industries to utilize the private location information services in private sector. For the purpose, this article emphasizes that the proper constitutional standards and policies are to be needed to address the subtle and hard problems of balancing the conflicting interests between public purposes and private interests harmoniously when the government and industries’s utilizing the location based private information.

A Step towards User Privacy while Using Location-Based Services

( Fizza Abbas ),( Heekuck Oh ) 한국정보처리학회 2014 Journal of information processing systems Vol.10 No.4

Nowadays mobile users are using a popular service called Location-Based Services (LBS). LBS is very helpful for a mobile user in finding various Point of Interests (POIs) in their vicinity. To get these services, users must provide their personal information, such as user identity or current location, which severely risks the location privacy of the user. Many researchers are developing schemes that enable a user to use these LBS services anonymously, but these approaches have some limitations (i.e., either the privacy prevention mechanism is weak or the cost of the solution is too much). As such, we are presenting a robust scheme for mobile users that allows them to use LBS anonymously. Our scheme involves a client side application that interacts with an untrusted LBS server to find the nearest POI for a service required by a user. The scheme is not only efficient in its approach, but is also very practical with respect to the computations that are done on a client’s resource constrained device. With our scheme, not only can a client anonymously use LBS without any use of a trusted third party, but also a server’s database is completely secure from the client. We performed experiments by developing and testing an Android-based client side smartphone application to support our argument.

Investigation and Testing of Location Systems Using WiFi in Indoor Environments

Guenther Retscher,Esmond Mok 한국항해항만학회 2006 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2 No.-

Many applications in the area of location-based services and personal navigation require nowadays the location determination of a user not only in outdoor environment but also indoor. To locate a person or object in a building, systems that use either infrared, ultrasonic or radio signals, and visible light for optical tracking have been developed. The use of WiFi for location determination has the advantage that no transmitters or receivers have to be installed in the building like in the case of infrared and ultrasonic based location systems. WiFi positioning technology adopts IEEE802.11x standard, by observing the radio signals from access points installed inside a building. These access points can be found nowadays in our daily environment, e.g. in many office buildings, public spaces and in urban areas. The principle of operation of location determination using WiFi signals is based on the measurement of the signal strengths to the surrounding available access points at a mobile terminal (e.g. PDA, notebook PC). An estimate of the location of the terminal is then obtained on the basis of these measurements and a signal propagation model inside the building. The signal propagation model can be obtained using simulations or with prior calibration measurements at known locations in an offline phase. The most common location determination approach is based on signal propagation patterns, namely WiFi fingerprinting. In this paper the underlying technology is briefly reviewed followed by an investigation of two WiFi positioning systems. Testing of the system is performed in two localization test beds, one at the Vienna University of Technology and the second at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. First test showed that the trajectory of a moving user could be obtained with a standard deviation of about ± 3 m.