우리나라의 화재로 인한 사상자발생 실태에 대한 연구

이의평 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.4

Fire death rates of all deaths in Korea have account for over 0.20% since 1990. While an incendiary fire is the leading cause of fire deaths, an electric fire is the leading cause of fire injuries. While the older people groups have the highest death rate, the 30s and 40s groups have the highest injury rate. While fire deaths occur most frequently during sleeping at night, fire injuries are not different by time. Both deaths and injuries occur most frequently in January and February. Building fire deaths account for roughly 80% of all fire deaths and home(including apartment) fire deaths for roughly 55%. 62-78% of building fire deaths dies due to a home fire. Building fire injuries account for roughly 80% of all fire injuries and home fire injuries for roughly 43%. 55% of building fire injuries is caused by a home fire.

Fire Performance of Continuous Steel-Concrete Composite Bridge Girders

Gang Zhang,Chaojie Song,Xuyang Li,Shuanhai He,Qiao Huang 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.25 No.3

This paper presents a detailed investigation in to fire resistance along with failure mode in continuous steel-concrete composite twin I-shaped bridge girders under different localized fire through considering fire severity and fire exposure positions namely; mid-span zone in one of the two span, hogging moment zone and side-support zone. A 3-D finite element (FE) model, built utilizing the computer program ANSYS, is used to track structural fire performance in a typical two span of continuous composite twin I-shaped bridge girders (fabricated with twin I-shaped plates supporting a concrete slab) dependent on thermo-mechanical coupled analysis. The model validation is undertook through comparison of temperature and deflection response attained from a scaled composite single I-shaped girder tested exposed to ISO834 fire. The numerical analysis results show that the developed model can be favorably used to analyze the behavior and failure mode of continuous steel-concrete composite twin I-shaped bridge girders during entire range of fire exposure. Fire severity and fire exposure positions present critical influence in to the fire resistance of continuous composite bridge girders. Fire exposure prevention on hogging moment zone can significantly extend failure time of continuous girders, and further hold back progressive structural collapse. Web buckling based failure criterion can be applicable to calculate fire resistance of realistic continuous girders under simultaneous structural loading together with localized fire. Continuous composite bridge girders subjected to localized fire present highly significant local deformation response in the fire exposed bridge girder span.

바킨(馬琴) 일기를 통해 본 19세기 에도의 화재 - 분세이 대화재(文政の大火)를 중심으로 -

홍성준 일본어문학회 2023 일본어문학 Vol.100 No.-

Edo suffered a number of fire accidents, and the city was even called ‘a city of fires’. The frequent occurrences of fires in Edo are due to dense wooden buildings and the weather conditions unique to Japan. Another factor is that Edo hosted a large number of populations and fire sparks were easily spread over the neighbourhood. We can confirm the damages of these fire accidents and the rescue operations based on many public documents as well as various types of literary materials including novels, essays, and diaries. These materials are quite useful for understanding the situations of the time in a precise manner because they vividly tell us about the fire accidents that people at the time actually suffered and also tell us how the people around them thought about the fires and acted. In particular, Kyokutei Bakin, a representative writer in the late Edo period, described the great fire of Bunsei in his diary, and this literary material provides supplementary information about the fires in Edo. In the present article, I survey the facts relating to the great fire of Bunsei through Bakin’s diary, revealing some anecdotes pertaining to his acquaintances (especially, merchants and those who worked in publishing companies) who suffered the great fire and the ways in which Bakin comforted them.

Direction of FIRE Response in Super Tall Buildings

Ryu Sang-il,Lee Ju-ho J-INSTITUTE 2017 International Journal of Human & Disaster Vol.2 No.1

Not long ago, a fire in high‐rise buildings in London, England, killed 58 people and caused enormous damage, which is the worst fire incident in the UK since World War II. In Korea, high‐rise buildings and super tall buildings have a tendency to continue to increase, but they are more vulnerable to fire response. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss prevention and countermeasures against super tall buildings in the future. As such, super tall buildings have been increasing more and more, but super tall buildings have not been able to cope with the fire countermeasures. Thus, this article examines the fire vulnerability of super tall buildings and the difficulty of fire suppression of super tall buildings, and suggests ways to prevent and quickly cope with fire in super tall buildings in the future. Super tall buildings are more vulnerable to fire. Of course, super tall buildings are strictly regulated with firefighting facilities such as sprinklers, evacuation facilities, and firewalls rather than general buildings. However, if fire breaks out due to the failure of fire suppression in the early stage of the fire, the firefighting authority is more vulnerable to fire because the firefighting must be accompanied by considerable difficulty. In particular, firefighting and rescue operations using helicopters are also difficult to access due to the rapidly changing currents around high‐rise buildings. And as a result, firefighters must enter the super tall build-ings themselves to quell the fire, which is not easy. Therefore super tall buildings fires are more vulnerable. There-fore, in case of fire in super tall buildings, fire suppression is very difficult, so more attention should be paid to fire prevention. Super tall buildings in many countries overseas, the emphasis is on expanding fire protection and fire evacuation facilities by applying very strict regulations. In Korea, it is also necessary to strengthen regulations for fire‐fighting facilities such as fire detectors and sprinklers for each building, and to strengthen the inspection in advance. The introduction of mid‐sized to large‐sized helicopters that can extinguish the fire of super tall build-ings seems to be urgent. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the initial fire detection system. In addition, it would be a good way to reduce the damage by conducting evacuation drills in advance for residents.

소방펌프차의 고압방수를 위한 중계방수방식에 관한 실증적 연구

민세홍,권용준,박종덕 한국화재소방학회 2013 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.27 No.1

In this study, tests were conducted to establish a fire engine of relay waterproof and utilization in order to maintain the pressure in a situation that require high-pressure water-resistant such as a high-rise building fire, etc. As a result of test on the change of a relay waterproof pressure, the measurement result with the hydrant intake of a fire engine opened has reduced approximately 20 % compared to the measurement result with the hydrant intake closed. Similar efficiency showed in the test result that change the pressure of 2 fire engines respectively to use them more efficiently at a fire fighting activity site. A fire engine operation and utilization is proposed based on this study result in order to cope effectively with a fire site requiring high-pressure stream in a high-rise building fire, etc. by using a fire engine held at present because there is no fire pump with high-pressure stream ability arranged at the fire station and there is no regulation on high-pressure fire-fighting pumps in a type approval and verification technology criterion for a fire engine. 본 연구에서는 초고층 건물 화재 등 고압방수가 필요한 상황에서 방수압력을 유지하기 위하여 소방펌프차의 중계방수방법과 활용방안을 정립하고자 시험을 실시하였다. 중계 방수압력의 변화에 대하여 시험결과 소방펌프차의 방수구를 개방하고 측정하였을 경우 방수구를 폐쇄한 상태에서 측정한 결과보다 약 20 %가 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 소방활동 현장에서 보다 더 효율적으로 활용하기 위하여 소방펌프차 2대의 압력을 각각 변화시키면서 시험한 결과에서도 비슷한 효율이 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. 현재 고압 방수능력이 있는 소방펌프차가 소방서에 배치되어 있지 않고 소방펌프의 형식승인 및 검정기술기준에서도 고압 소방펌프에 대한 규정이 없기 때문에 현재 보유하고 있는 소방차를 활용하여 초고층 화재 등 고압방수의 필요성이 있는 화재현장에 효과적으로 대응하고자 본 연구 결과를 토대로 소방차량 운영 및 활용방안을 제안한다.

소방공무원 근무환경에 대한 안전보건 의식 연구

이종호 ( Jong Ho Lee ),김요한 ( Yo Han Kim ) 한국안전학회(구 한국산업안전학회) 2015 한국안전학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Fire fighter are exposed to the situations which are hard to predict due to continuous and accidental changes which hindertheir fire fighting activity. As these threats of safety accident act as fear factors, they are doing insecure fire fighting activities. Therefore, as unclear and abnormal risks of working environment such as the riskiness of expansion of disaster, instability, obstacles of activities, abnormality, urgency, etc. increase, safety accidents are caused. This study analyzes the actual condition of safety and health andawareness of fire fighter who are exposed safety accidents during their fire fighting activities and utilize such result as the basis data to secure safety of fire fighter, keep efficient safety control and prevent accidents. The results of analysis are as follows. As rescue works among all fire-fighting works shows the highest emotional stabilization and the highest post-traumatic stress disorder is shown in fire sergeant level positions, and fire fighters whose working period is 10-15 years, reinforcing safety training to long-term workers is necessary. As the result of survey regarding safety awareness, the highest awareness level was shown in fire sergeant level positions, and fire fighters whose working period is over 20 years, and when it comes to operation of fire fighting equipments, fire-fighting workers and workers having 1-4 years of working period showed high safety awareness. The more serious injury in a fire fighter experienced as the first injury after working as a fire-fighter, the more cause-and-effect relationship was shown between personal physical condition and work, and it is shown as obstacles of fire fighting activities and affects to post-traumatic stress disorder. Moreover, as after-work off duty activities also affect to official disaster, systematic improvement of working environment is required. Occupational medical work compatibility evaluation considering the distinct characteristics of works to secure fire-fighter` health care together with fire-fighting capability is shown to be necessary.

화재조사 실태 분석과 개선방안에 관한 연구

이태근,채종민,Lee, Tae-Geun,Chae, Jong-Min 대한수사과학회 2006 대한수사과학회지 Vol.1 No.1

The purposes of fire investigation are to identify and analyze the causes of fire and, using the results in promoting fire fighting policies, ultimately to prevent fires caused by similar causes and to protect people's life and properties from fire. However, although the patterns of fire are getting more diverse and complicated with the rapid development of industry, complicated with the rapid development of industry, fire fighting organizations are continuing traditional superficial fire investigation without operating a fire investigation department for the reason of insufficient manpower, equipment and budget, losing public confidence. Thus, the present study purposed to propose plans to improve the technicality of fire investigation and win public confidence in fire investigation. First, the technicality of fire investigation should be improved by operating a department and personnel exclusively for fire investigation. Second, fire investigation should be more scientific and precise using high tech fire investigation equipment. Lastly, responsible fire fighting administration should be realized through statistical analysis of the causes of fire and computerization. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the safety and security of our society.

A Study on the fire-resistance of concrete-filled steel square tube columns without fire protection under constant central axial loads

Su-Hee Park,Sung-Mo Choi,Kyung-Soo Chung 국제구조공학회 2008 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.8 No.6

This paper presents a plan and guidelines that were drawn for Korean based research carried out on the fire-resistance of CFT columns. This research was carried out by reviewing the Korean regulations related to the fire-resistance of CFT columns and examining studies which had been made in Korea as well as overseas. The first phase of the study plan was to compare the fire-resistance of square CFT columns without fire protection (obtained through fire-resistance tests and numerical analyses) with estimated values (obtained through fire-resistance design formulas proposed in Korea and overseas). This comparison provided conclusions as outlined below. Fire-resistance tests conducted in this study proved that, when the actual design load is taken into consideration, square CFT columns without fire protection are able to resist a fire for more than one hour. A comparison was made of test and analysis results with the fire-resistance time based on the AIJ code, the AISC design formula and the estimation formula suggested for Korea. The results of this comparison showed that the test and analysis results for specimens SAH1, SAH2-1, SAH2-2 and SAH3 were almost identical with the AIJ code, the AISC design formula and estimation formula. For specimens SAH4 and SAH5, the estimation formula was more conservative than the AIJ code and the AISC design formula. It was necessary to identify the factors that have an influence on the fire-resistance of CFT columns without fire protection and to draw fire-resistance design formulas for these columns. To achieve this, it is proposed that numerical analyses and tests be conducted in order to evaluate the fire-resistance of circular CFT columns, the influence of eccentricity existing as an additional factor and the influence of the slenderness ratio of the columns. It is also suggested that the overall behavior of CFT structures without fire protection within a fire be evaluated through analysis simulation.

巴什拉物质想象论视角下李沧东短篇小说中的火意象研究

곽예 한중인문학회 2023 한중인문학연구 Vol.81 No.-

Fire, as an indispensable fundamental element in the advancement of human civilization, exerts a profound influence on human production and daily life. Moreover, it serves as a significant symbol that stimulates the creative imagination of literary authors. Within Lee Chang-dong's literary works, fire emerges as the recurrent imagery, offering crucial insights into the underlying themes. Notably, his collection of short stories, Possession, comprising works such as Fire and Dust, Sacrifice, Possession, and Trophy, places considerable emphasis on the imagery of fire. Consequently, Lee skillfully crafts diverse manifestations of fire on the external dimension while imbuing the internal dimension of this imagery with intricate meanings. To begin with, the external representations of fire imagery in Lee's short stories can be broadly categorized into two distinct forms: fire as a destructive force and fire as a ritualistic element. The former can be further subdivided into the fire of annihilation and the fire of self-immolation, while the latter encompasses the fire of sacrifice and the fire of cremation. Building upon this framework, this paper undertakes an analysis of the inherent meanings of fire imagery from the theoretical perspective of Bachelard. Through this analysis, it becomes evident that in Fire and Dust, the imagery of fire symbolizes struggle and resistance, stemming from the Prometheus complex. In Possession and Sacrifice, the fire imagery serves to console the souls of the departed and inspire the living, thereby reflecting characteristics associated with the Empedocles complex. Furthermore, the fire imagery in Trophy encapsulates the essence of human desire, aligning with the Novalis complex.

화재시뮬레이션 프로그램을 통한 화재조사 적합성 평가에 대한 연구

김효범,정양권,하주환,김광선 (사)한국화재감식학회 2024 한국화재감식학회 학회지 Vol.15 No.1

Fire investigation is an important activity that investigates the cause and process of fire occurrence and develops prevention and response measures. However, it takes effort and time to conduct actual fire investigation and reproduction experiments and verification is difficult. Therefore, in this study, we intend to test the reliability of fire investigation results using a fire simulation program that simulates an actual fire. As a result of comparative analysis of domestic actual fire investigation results and fire simulation simulation results, the suitability of the fire investigation to the objective investigation results was evaluated and after a verification process, the reliability of the fire investigation could be confirmed in advance and a conclusion could be drawn, so the accuracy of the fire investigation played a major role in raising the Through this study, The accuracy and efficiency of fire investigations will be improved and provide useful guidelines and system improvement data to experts and government agencies related to fire prevention and policy.