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Cone-beam CT에서 웨이브렛 역치값을 이용한x-ray 영상에서의 노이즈 제거
박종덕,허영,진승오,전성채 대한전자공학회 2007 電子工學會論文誌-SC (System and control) Vol.44 No.6
In x-ray imaging system, two kinds of noises are involved. First, the charge generated from the radiation interaction with the detector during exposure. Second, the signal is then added by readout electronics noise. But, x-ray images are not modeled by Gaussian noise but as the realization of a Poisson process. In this paper, we apply a new approach to remove Poisson noise from medical X-ray image in the wavelet domain, the applied methods shows more excellent results in cone-beam CT X-ray 영상 시스템에서는, 크게 2 종류의 noise 성분이 함유되어있다. 먼저 x-ray 방사선이 조사되어질 때, 검출기에서의 방사선의 상호작용으로부터 발생되어지는 것으로서 랜덤하게 발생되어지는 Poisson noise 성분이다. 다음으로 noise 성분은 readout electronics noise, pixel pattern noise 그리고 off-set noise 등으로부터 발생되어지는 Gaussian noise 성분이다. 그러나, x-ray 영상에서는 Gaussian noise가 아닌, Poisson noise로 모델링 되어진다. Gaussian noise에 의해서 발생되어지는 noise 성분은 위너필터 혹은 웨이브렛을 사용하여 쉽게 제거가 가능하지만, Poisson noise와 같은 랜덤 noise를 제거하기 위해서는 복잡한 분석기법이 필요하게 한다. 이 논문에서는 웨이브렛 영역에서 x-ray 영상의 Poisson noise를 제거하고자 하였으며, 적용된 분석 기법은 최적화된 웨이브렛 분석기법인 IBS(Improved BayesShrink)을 사용하였다. 적용된 IBS 기법은 cone-beam CT의 x-ray 영상에서의 기존의 방법에 비해 향상된 결과를 보여주었다.
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박종덕 한말연구학회 2003 한말연구 Vol.- No.12
In this study, it was intened to infer the vowel system in Gyeongsang-do dialect of the 16th century from /?/,/ㅔ/,/ㅐ/,/-/,/ㅓ/,/ㅟ/,/ㅚ/ whixh are thought to have caused them. In conclusion, it has been found out as follows. First,/?/ functioned as a phoneme both in the first syllable and the non-first syllable. Second,/?/>/l/ was a voluntary alternation of phonems. Third, /ㅔ/,/ㅐ/,ㅟ/,/ㅚ/ were practically realized into /aj/, /αj/,/uj/,/oj/. Fourth, there were indications that /ㅔ/,/ㅐ/ were realized into /e/,/ε/. Fifth, /ㅡ/,/ㅓ/ were clearly distinct both in the first syllable and the non-first syllable. On the basis of the above, the vowel system in Gyeongsang-do dialect of the 16th century could be concluded as follows. <table 1> The Vowel System in the 16th century's Gyeongsang-do Dialect( *means that there is a possiblity of having been realized.)
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성인에서 일상적인 간격충수절제술이 필요한가?: 초기경험
박종덕,이창호,김종훈,김영곤,이민로 대한대장항문학회 2010 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.26 No.1
Purpose: The traditional management of a periappendiceal abscess or a perforated appendicitis has been initial conservative treatment, followed by an interval appendectomy (IA). However, the necessity of the interval appendectomy has been questioned by an increasing number of studies recently. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of conservative treatment,instead of IA, in managing a perforated appendicitis or a periappendiceal abscess after successful initial conservative treatment. Methods: We prospectively studied 26 out of 80 patients who had been admitted for a perforated appendicitis or a periappendiceal abscess to Chonbuk National University Hospital from March 2005 to December 2007. These 26 patients were initially treated by using conservative treatment instead of surgery. We analyzed these 26 patients’ progression and prognosis after treatment. The IAs were conducted at intervals of 6 to 12 wk after colonoscopy when the patient wanted an operation. Results: Twenty-three out of 26 (88.5%, 23/26) patients were improved after initial conservative treatment. Only 3 patients who were not improved were managed surgically. Four out of 23 patients who were relieved by conservative treatment underwent an IA voluntarily at intervals of 6 to 12 wk. Of the remaining 19 patients without IA, 1 patient (5%, 1/19) suffered a recurrence after 6 mo, and an appendectomy was performed. Eighteen (78%, 18/23) patients without an IA have shown no recurrence for 15 mo, and they are still being followed up. Conclusion: We conclude that a routine IA after successful initial conservative treatment for a perforated appendicitis or a periappendiceal abscess seems unnecessary. Those patients should undergo colonoscopy to detect any underlying diseases and to rule out coexistent colorectal cancer.
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으뜸풀이씨 ‘있다’의 씨갈―갈말에 내포된 의미자질의 부합성을 중심으로―
박종덕 한글학회 2006 한글 Vol.- No.274
On the Accidence of Main Predicates ‘issta’―Emphasizing the correspondence to semanticfeatures involved in the predicate―
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박종덕 한국도덕교육학회 2006 道德敎育硏究 Vol.18 No.1
The doctrines of Lee Hwang and Ki Tae-Sung set forth in their ‘Four-Beginnings-Seven-Emotions Debate’ (hereafter ‘the Debate’) can be interpreted as expressing their views on education, explicating the meaning of life and education, inherent in Neo-Confucianist theory of mind. The disputed points in the Debate can be summed up in the two following questions: 1) whether the standard of the human life exists in or above the phenomenon, and 2) whether the standard of the human life exerts influences upon our actual life. The former refers to the status of standard, and the latter the function of standard in relation to the human activities. In the Debate, Lee Hwang asserts that it is as if another standard existed apart from the standard working within the phenomenon, while Ki Tae-Sung maintains that if standard exists, it necessarily exists in the phenomenon. According to Lee Hwang, the standard transcends the phenomenon, exerting influences upon our actual life, while in Ki Tae-Sung the standard is immanent in the phenomenon, only as the regulating criteria of the phenomenon. It should be noted that the Neo-Confucianist theory of mind, which constitutes the basis of Lee Hwang's view, leads us to look back on our life. Lee Hwang maintains that the acquisition and the expression of mind are welded into the single activity of the cultivation of mind through studying school subjects, which is the cornerstone of life and education. 사단칠정논변은 조선조 성리학자인 이황과 기대승 사이에 벌어진 논쟁으로서, 올바른 삶과 그 실현에 관한 성리학적 관심사를 예리하게 부각시킨 교육학적 논쟁이다. 이 논쟁의 쟁점은 1) 삶의 표준은 현상을 초월해 존재하는가, 내재해 존재하는가 하는 ‘삶의 표준의 지위’에 관한 문제, 그리고 2) 삶의 표준은 우리 삶에 작용을 하는 것인가, 작용을 못하는 것인가 하는 ‘삶의 표준의 작용’에 관한 문제로 압축될 수 있다. 이 쟁점을 두고 이황과 기대승은 상이한 견해를 견지하고 있다. 이황은, 삶의 표준은 현상을 초월해 존재하는 것이면서 우리 삶에서 적극적으로 힘을 발휘하는 것이라고 보는 반면에, 기대승은, 삶의 표준은 우리 삶에 내재해 있으면서 개인의 목적달성 행위를 적절히 조절하는 역할에 국한된다고 본다. 사단칠정논변에 의하여 드러나는 삶의 이론의 주요한 특징은 그것이 올바른 삶의 실현이라는 실제적 국면을 가장 구체적인 수준에서 설명하는 실제적 논의라는 데에 있다. 그리고 바로 그러한 이유에서 사단칠정논변은 교과를 통한 마음의 획득과 표현 문제를 중심으로 하여 전개되는 교육이론의 지표와 과제를 제시한다고 말할 수 있다.
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