Coping styles in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis: Associations with cognitive appraisals

Kang, MinJae,Bang, Minji,Lee, Su Young,Lee, Eun,Yoo, Sang Woo,An, Suk Kyoon Elsevier 2018 Psychiatry Research Vol.264 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Maladaptive coping may play an important role in the manifestation of symptoms, functioning, and overt psychosis onset in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis. To determine the factors associated with coping strategies, the relationships between cognitive appraisals and coping styles were investigated in UHR individuals. Sixty-five UHR individuals and 83 healthy controls were assessed for coping styles and cognitive appraisals of attribution bias as a primary appraisal and self-efficacy and perceived social support as a secondary appraisal. UHR participants relied more on a passive, tension-reduction coping style and less on an active, problem-focused coping style. These maladaptive coping styles in UHR individuals were significantly associated with their cognitive appraisals of stress. Aberrant attribution style of hostility perception and composite blaming bias were associated with problem-focused coping and tension-reduction, respectively. Perceived social support was related to problem-focused coping, seeking social support, and wishful thinking. General self-efficacy was associated with problem-focused coping. Our findings suggest that cognitive appraisals themselves may be the major determinants of coping styles in UHR individuals. The identified attribution styles, perceived social support, and self-efficacy may provide some clues regarding specialized interventions for the buildup of adaptive coping strategies in UHR individuals.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis are less likely to rely on active coping and more likely to rely on passive coping. </LI> <LI> Aberrant attribution style of the hostility perception and composite blaming bias in UHR for psychosis are associated with problem-focused coping and tension-reduction, respectively. </LI> <LI> Perceived social support in UHR for psychosis is associated with problem-focused coping, seeking social support, and wishful thinking. </LI> <LI> General self-efficacy in UHR for psychosis is primarily related to problem-focused coping. </LI> </UL> </P>

The effect of spiritual well-being on stress coping

Kim, Jungae,Kim, Juok The International Promotion Agency of Culture Tech 2019 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.7 No.3

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive investigation study that analyzed the effects of spiritual well-being on stress coping in twenties. Data collection period was from May 1, 2019 to May 20, and 207 people voluntarily participated in the study. The sub-factors of spiritual well-being consisted of religious well-being and existential well-being. The types of stress coping consist of active coping, passive coping, aggressive coping, evasive coping, and social supportive coping. Data was analyzed using frequency analysis, t-test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0. As a result of the analysis, 90 (43.5%) were male and 117 (56.5%) were female. The 71.0% of the participants had no religion, the Buddhists were 14.5%, other religions were 5.8%, Protestants were 4.3%, Catholics were 2.9%, and Won Buddhists were 1.4%. Active coping in stress coping was correlated with religious well-being (r=-.357, p<0.01) and existential well-being (r=.301, p<0.01) under statistical significance. Religious well-being was significantly higher in males (Mean=2.87, SD=.753) than females (Mean=2.49, SD=.772, p<0.01). Existential well-being was also higher in males (Mean=4.25, SD=.841) than in females (Mean=3.95, SD=.694, p<0.01). The religious well-being was significantly higher than active coping (t=6.183, p<0.01), passive coping (t=-3.595, p<0.01), aggressive coping (t=1.991, p<0.05). Existential well-being was significantly higher than active coping (t=5.339, p<0.01), aggressive coping (t=1.659, p<0.05), evasive coping (t=-3.709, p<0.05) at the statistical significance level. Based on the results, it can be suggested that it was necessary to systematically plan spiritual well-being program as a way to cope with stress by knowing that spiritual well-being positively affects active, aggressive stress coping.

The effect of spiritual well-being on stress coping

Jungae Kim,Juok Kim 국제문화기술진흥원 2019 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.7 No.3

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive investigation study that analyzed the effects of spiritual wellbeing on stress coping in twenties. Data collection period was from May 1, 2019 to May 20, and 207 people voluntarily participated in the study. The sub-factors of spiritual well–being consisted of religious well-being and existential well-being. The types of stress coping consist of active coping, passive coping, aggressive coping, evasive coping, and social supportive coping. Data was analyzed using frequency analysis, t-test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0. As a result of the analysis, 90 (43.5%) were male and 117 (56.5%) were female. The 71.0% of the participants had no religion, the Buddhists were 14.5%, other religions were 5.8%, Protestants were 4.3%, Catholics were 2.9%, and Won Buddhists were 1.4%. Active coping in stress coping was correlated with religious well-being (r=-.357, p<0.01) and existential well-being (r=.301, p<0.01) under statistical significance. Religious well-being was significantly higher in males (Mean=2.87, SD=.753) than females (Mean=2.49, SD=.772, p<0.01). Existential well-being was also higher in males (Mean=4.25, SD=.841) than in females (Mean=3.95, SD=.694, p<0.01). The religious wellbeing was significantly higher than active coping (t=6.183, p<0.01), passive coping (t=-3.595, p<0.01), aggressive coping (t=1.991, p<0.05). Existential well-being was significantly higher than active coping (t=5.339, p<0.01), aggressive coping (t=1.659, p<0.05), evasive coping (t=-3.709, p<0.05) at the statistical significance level. Based on the results, it can be suggested that it was necessary to systematically plan spiritual well-being program as a way to cope with stress by knowing that spiritual well-being positively affects active, aggressive stress coping.

Age-Related Decrease in Stress Responsiveness and Proactive Coping in Male Mice

Oh, Hee-Jin,Song, Minah,Kim, Young Ki,Bae, Jae Ryong,Cha, Seung-Yun,Bae, Ji Young,Kim, Yeongmin,You, Minsu,Lee, Younpyo,Shim, Jieun,Maeng, Sungho Frontiers Media S.A. 2018 FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE Vol.10 No.-

<P>Coping is a strategic approach to dealing with stressful situations. Those who use proactive coping strategies tend to accept changes and act before changes are expected. In contrast, those who use reactive coping are less flexible and more likely to act in response to changes. However, little research has assessed how coping style changes with age. This study investigated age-related changes in coping strategies and stress responsiveness and the influence of age on the processing of conditioned fear memory in 2-, 12- and 23-month-old male mice. Coping strategy was measured by comparing the escape latency in an active avoidance test and by comparing responses to a shock prod. The results showed that proactivity in coping response gradually decreased with age. Stress responsiveness, measured by stress-induced concentration of corticosterone, was also highest in 2-month-old mice and decreased with age. Consolidation of fear memory was highest in 12-month-old mice and was negatively correlated with the degree of stress responsiveness and proactivity in coping. Fear extinction did not differ among age groups and was not correlated with stress responsiveness or the proactivity of coping. However, the maintenance of extinct fear memory, which was best in 2-month-old mice and worst in 12-month-old mice, was negatively correlated with stress responsiveness but not with coping style. Age-dependent changes in the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and its regulatory co-chaperones, which are accepted mechanisms for stress hormone stimulation, were measured in the hippocampus. The expression of GR was increased at 12 months compared to other age groups. There were no differences in Hsp70 and BAG1 expression by age. These results can be summarized as follows: (1) stress responsiveness and proactivity in coping decreased with age class; (2) consolidation of fear memory was negatively correlated with both stress responsiveness and proactivity; however, maintenance of extinct fear memory was negatively correlated with stress responsiveness only; and (3) consolidation and maintenance of extinct fear memory appeared to be more influenced by factors other than stress reactivity and proactivity in coping, such as the amount of hippocampal glucocorticoid expression.</P>

류마티스 관절 환자의 원인지각에 따른 대응양상

장세영,박상연 경북대학교 간호과학연구소 2004 경북간호과학지 Vol.8 No.1

This study was aim to provide the basic data of development of nursing intervention of rheumatoid arthritis patients as exploring coping pattern according to causal perception of rheumatoid arthritis patients. As the results of this study the mean score of causal perception of the subjects was 3.37. The score of the internal-unstable was the highest, which was followed by extra-stable, internal factor, internal-stable, external factor and external-unstable in order among the factor of causal perception. The mean score of coping pattern was 2.64. The type of coping patterns the score of the receptive coping was the highest, which was followed by wishful coping, active coping and negative coping in order among the type of coping pattern. The analysis of the relation between causal perception and coping pattern no showed significant correlation between causal perception and coping pattern(r=-0.1506, P=0.164). It was shown that there is a significant positive correlation between internal(r=0.2303, P=0.032), and internal stable factors(r=0.2252, P=0.036) and coping patterns, with respect to the correlation to the factor of causal perception. In addition, it appeared that there is a significant positive correlation between the active coping and internal(r=0.2422, P=0.024), internal stable(r=0.2304, P=0.03~), external(r=0.3004, P=0.005) and external stable factors(r=0.2900, P=0.006), as well as between the wishful coping and internal(r=0.3453, P=0.001) and internal stable factors(r=0.3147, P=0.003), in terms of the type of coping patterns. In general characteristics, the level of education(F=4.74, P=.0017) and home monthly income(F=3.44, P=.0119) was significantly related to causal perception. The factors of causal perception showed that there is a significant difference in the home monthly income(F=2.97, P=.0239) as the internal factor, level of education(F=5.24, P=.0008) and home monthly income(F=2.66, P=.0382)as the external factor, possibility to cure a disease(t=3.08, P=.0028) as the internal unstable factor, occupation(t=2.20, P=.0303) and level of education(F=5.04, P=.0011) as the external stable factor, respectively, and experience in hospitalization(t=4.48, P=.0000) as the external unstable factor. In general characteristics, it was shown that there is a significant difference in the possibility to cure a disease(t=2.18, P=.0315) as the wishful coping, curing period(F=2.82, P=.0303) as the receptive coping, and occupation(t=-2.85, P=.0055), experience in hospitalization(t=2.82, P=.0059), diseased period(F=3.69, P=.0082) and cured period(F=3.97, P=.0054) as the negative coping. Based on this study results the factor of causal perception and the type of coping pattern of rheumatoid arthritis patients were shown significant relations. It is suggested, therefore, that when nurses provide rheumatoid arthritis patients with nursing service they need to clinically assess the factor of causal perception and the type of their coping patterns, and to lead their causal perception to the internal factor and intemal stable factor rather than the external factor, and to encourage the patients to do the wishful coping, not the negative coping, during nursing interventions.

혈액투석환자의 의미중심대처와 우울, 건강상태 간의 관계

차지은 ( Ji Eun Cha ),한달롱 ( Dal Long Han ) 한국보건정보통계학회(구 한국보건통계학회) 2016 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.41 No.2

Objectives: To offer a third type of meaning-focused coping for patients undergoing hemodialysis. The purpose of this study was to investigate meaning- focused coping among patients on hemodialysis and to examine relationships between meaning-focused coping, depression, and health status. Methods: We based our investigation on the revised Stress and Coping Theory to explore the role of meaning-focused coping. A secondary analysis was conducted using survey data from 228 adult patients. To measure meaning-focused coping, including positive reappraisal and putting into perspective, depression, and health status, the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-12 were utilized. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation. Results: Mean age of the participants was 47.76 and the duration of dialysis was 9.03 years. The proportion of patients on hemodialysis for more than 10 years was 39.9%. Meaningfocused coping scored 3.50 out of 5 points on average. There were differences in scores for meaning-focused coping according to job, gender, income, and transplant waiting status. Meaning-focused coping was negatively correlated with depression (r=-0.57, p<0.001) and positively correlated with health status (r=0.35, p<0.001). Conclusions: Meaning-focused coping seems to be a valuable coping technique along hemodialysis patients; the pursuit of which may have positive psychological and physical health effects for such patients. The results of this study demonstrate the adaptive functions of the meaning-focused coping process during chronic illness. Health care providers will gain insight into how coping promotes health and other positive outcomes.

대처유연성, 미래 중심적 대처와 외상 중심적 대처가 복잡성 사별 비애의 보호요인이 되는가?

김수환,유성은 한국인지행동치료학회 2019 인지행동치료 Vol.19 No.1

Coping flexibility refers to the ability to use flexibly two coping strategies, forward focus coping and trauma focus coping following trauma experience. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether coping flexibility, furthermore forward focus and trauma focus coping, would protect against complicated grief, and whether these relationships would be moderated by the length and cause of bereavement. Bereaved Korean adults completed a web-based survey, which included the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), Perceived Ability to Cope with Trauma Scale (PACT). An examination of the factor structure of the ICG supported the one factor structure, and reliability of the ICG was adequate. The findings of this study suggested that coping flexibility and forward focus coping played protective roles for complicated grief, and these relationships were not moderated by the length or cause of bereavement. Yet, contrary to the hypothesis, trauma focus coping was associated with an increased level of complicated grief. Also, the length of bereavement moderated the relationship between trauma focus coping after bereavement and complicated grief, in which trauma focus coping significantly played a risk factor for complicated grief during early stages following bereavement. Further analysis revealed that complicated grief symptoms were highest among individuals who used trauma focus coping without using forward focus coping much after bereavement. The current study indicated that flexible coping and forward focus coping are consistently adaptive after bereavement while trauma focus coping is adaptive only when it is used with forward focus coping. 대처유연성은 외상 경험 이후 외상과 관련된 정서 및 인지를 적절히 다루어주면서 현재 및 미래의 목표에 집중하는 두 가지 대처, 즉 외상 중심적 대처와 미래 중심적 대처를 유연하게 사용하는 능력으로 정의된다. 본 연구에서는 국내 성인 사별 경험자의 복잡성 사별 비애와 대처유연성 및 대처유연성의 두 가지 구성요소인 외상 중심적 대처와 미래 중심적 대처의 관계를 살펴보았고, 더 나아가 이 관계가 사별이후 경과시간과 사별원인에 따라 달라지는 지를 알아보았다. 이를 위해 사별을 경험한 국내 성인을 대상으로 사별경험 체크리스트, 복잡성 사별 비애 척도(ICG), 대처유연성 척도(PACT)를 실시하였다. 먼저 복잡성 사별 비애 척도의 요인구조와 신뢰도를 검증해 본 결과 복잡성 사별 비애 척도는 단일요인으로 구성된 신뢰로운 척도로 나타났다. 연구결과, 대처유연성과 미래 중심적 대처는 사별원인, 사별경과기간에 상관없이 복잡성 사별 비애의 보호요인이 되는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 예상과 달리 위계적 중다회귀분석 결과 외상 중심적 대처를 많이 할수록 복잡성 사별 비애 수준이 높게 나타났고, 이 관계는 사별경과기간에 따라 달라지는 양상을 보였다. 즉, 사별 경과 기간이 3년 미만인 경우에는 외상 중심적 대처 수준이 높을수록 복잡성 사별 비애 수준이 높게 나타났다. 추가분석 결과, 미래 중심적 대처 수준이 낮으면서 외상 중심적 대처 수준이 높은 경우 복잡성 사별 비애 수준이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 미래 중심적 대처와 외상 중심적 대처를 모두 유연하게 사용하는 대처방식과 미래 중심적 대처는 사별 이후 일관적으로 적응적인 대처임을 보여주는 반면 외상 중심적 대처의 경우 미래 중심적 대처와 함께 병행하여 사용하는 경우에만 조건적으로 적응적임을 시사한다.

대학생의 대처유연성과 주도적 대처가 학업소진에 미치는 영향: 위계적 회귀분석을 중심으로

현승주,이현엽,최윤영,강성록 학습자중심교과교육학회 2022 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.22 No.14

Objectives This study verified whether college students' coping flexibility and proactive coping predict academic burnout, and additional hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine whether coping flexibility and proactive coping predicted academic burnout even when other variables(state anxiety and hypervigilance) known to be related to academic burnout were controlled. Methods From June 1 to June 6, 2021, 232 college students were recruited from the online communities of five universities, and participants accessed the announced link and conducted an online survey once. The measured scales Coping Flexibility Questionnaire (COFLEX), Proactive Coping Inventory (PCI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Y (STAI-Y), Brief Hypervigilance (BHS), and Korean Academic Burnout Scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0. Results First, academic burnout showed a significant correlation with control variables state anxiety and hypervigilance, and independent variables coping flexibility and proactive coping. Second, both coping flexibility and proactive coping were significant predictors for academic burnout, and the higher the coping flexibility and proactive coping, the lower the level of academic burnout. Third, coping flexibility and proactive coping significantly predicted academic burnout even after controlling the effects of state anxiety and hypervigilance. Conclusions These results suggest that interventions that promote coping flexibility and proactive coping in college students can help alleviate the level of academic burnout. 목적 본 연구에서는 대학생의 대처유연성과 주도적 대처가 학업소진을 예측하는지를 검증하였으며, 학업소진과 관련된 것으로 알려진 다른 변인들(상태불안, 과경계)을 통제했을 때도 대처유연성과 주도적 대처가 학업소진에 대해서 각각 고유한 설명력을 가지는지 확인하기 위해 위계적 회귀분석을 추가적으로 실시하였다. 방법 2021년 6월 1일부터 6월 6일까지 약 1주 간 서울, 대전, 부산 소재의 5개 대학교 온라인 커뮤니티에서 대학생 232명을 모집하였으며, 연구 참여자들은 공지된 링크를 접속하여 온라인 설문조사를 1회 실시하였다. 측정된 척도는 대처유연성 척도(COFLEX), 주도적 대처 척도(PCI), 상태⋅특성불안 검사 Y형(STAI-Y), 축약형 과경계 척도(BHS), 한국형 학업소진 척도였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 27.0을 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과 상관분석 결과, 학업소진은 통제변인에 해당하는 상태불안 및 과경계, 독립변인에 해당하는 대처유연성 및 주도적 대처 모두와유의한 상관을 보였다. 중회귀분석 결과, 대처유연성과 주도적 대처 모두 학업소진에 대한 유의한 예측변인이었으며, 대처유연성과주도적 대처가 높을수록 학업소진 수준이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 위계적 회귀분석 결과, 대처유연성과 주도적 대처는 상태불안과 과경계의 효과를 통제한 후에도 학업소진을 각각 유의하게 예측하였다. 결론 본 연구의 결과는 대학생에게 대처유연성과 주도적 대처를 증진시키는 개입이 학업소진 수준을 경감시키는데 도움이 될 수있음을 시사한다.

만성 요통 환자의 대처 유형과 건강 통제위, 자기효능감과의 관계

김인자,이은옥 대한류마티스 건강전문학회 1995 근관절건강학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Coping patterns were investigated in a sample of 126 patients with chronic low back pain by means of self-reported questionnaire. Based on the previous researches, coping pat terns were divided into the active cognitive coping, the active be havioral coping, the passive cognitive coping, and the passive be havioral coping. While all the above coping patterns were used, the passive behavioral coping was found to be used most frequently. Six subgroups were identified by cluster analytic procedure using their scores of the coping scale: active cognitive coper, general active coper, passive behavioral coper, general passive coper, multidimensional coper, and multi dimensional non-coper. Six subgroups were compared regarding locus of control, self-efficacy, pain and demographic variables. Distinct differences appeared among subgroups in internal locus of control, self-efficacy, and pain. General active coper and active cognitive coper and had higher internal locus of control, higher self-efficacy, and lower pain. General passive coper and multidimensional non-coper had lower internal locus of control, lower self-efficacy, and higher pain. Passive behavioral coper had higher internal locus of control, lower self-efficacy, and higher pain. It supports the concept of learned helpessness due to prior experiences. Multi dimensional coper had higher internal, higher powerful others, and higher self-efficacy. So it corresponds to 'believer in control' group identified by Wallston et al(1982). Unexpectedly this group also complained more pain. It could be interpreted in two ways. The more coping methods they use, the more they complain pain; which is the result of Folkman et al(186). Or they might be typical 'yea sayer'. These unique groups-passive behavioral coper and multidimensional coper-identified by this study supports the suggestion of Wallstone et al(1982). About locus of control: individual's pattern of responses across the three scales may be more predictive than his or her scores on each of the scale separatedly. The fact that passive coping was used more than active coping is encouraged to chronic patients as well as acute patients. And it is necessary to articulate the coping scale and self-efficacy scale. It is also necessary to study the relationship of coping and adjustment by experimental design.

The effect of spiritual well-being on stress coping

김정애,김주옥 국제문화기술진흥원 2019 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.7 No.3

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive investigation study that analyzed the effects of spiritual well-being on stress coping in twenties. Data collection period was from May 1, 2019 to May 20, and 207 people voluntarily participated in the study. The sub-factors of spiritual well–being consisted of religious well-being and existential well-being. The types of stress coping consist of active coping, passive coping, aggressive coping, evasive coping, and social supportive coping. Data was analyzed using frequency analysis, t-test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis using SPSS 18.0. As a result of the analysis, 90 (43.5%) were male and 117 (56.5%) were female. The 71.0% of the participants had no religion, the Buddhists were 14.5%, other religions were 5.8%, Protestants were 4.3%, Catholics were 2.9%, and Won Buddhists were 1.4%. Active coping in stress coping was correlated with religious well-being (r=-.357, p<0.01) and existential well-being (r=.301, p<0.01) under statistical significance. Religious well-being was significantly higher in males (Mean=2.87, SD=.753) than females (Mean=2.49, SD=.772, p<0.01). Existential well-being was also higher in males (Mean=4.25, SD=.841) than in females (Mean=3.95, SD=.694, p<0.01). The religious well-being was significantly higher than active coping (t=6.183, p<0.01), passive coping (t=-3.595, p<0.01), aggressive coping (t=1.991, p<0.05). Existential well-being was significantly higher than active coping (t=5.339, p<0.01), aggressive coping (t=1.659, p<0.05), evasive coping (t=-3.709, p<0.05) at the statistical significance level. Based on the results, it can be suggested that it was necessary to systematically plan spiritual well-being program as a way to cope with stress by knowing that spiritual well-being positively affects active, aggressive stress coping.