창의적 융합교육을 위한 무게중심 프로그램 개발과 적용사례 연구

김수금,유시규,김선배 대한수학교육학회 2014 수학교육학연구 Vol.24 No.3

This study resulted from a study regarding creative STEAM System based upon an experiment with the center of gravity. The results of the study are constructed by a fusion of mathematics and physics, showing that they are the same as mathematical calculations. Also, students can find that center of gravity of an object is in equilibrium on a metal rod when the center of gravity exactly is placed on the rod. The fact that an experimental results are correspond to calculations can maximize the effectiveness of teaching. And also this study has the following effectiveness. First, the exact construction and calculations arouses good competition among students. Second, this experiment can give students a motivation for study and increase their thinking in classes because the theoretical background of center of gravity experiment is basically attributed to math and science classes in school. This study includes three different types of center-of-gravity experiments. One is a simple type of experiment in which center of gravity exists inside of an object. Another is a complicated one in which the center of gravity is also inside of an object. However, the third type is an experiment in where the center of gravity is outside of an object. Therefore, it gives students an opportunity to discuss how to confirm equilibrium on a metal rod when the object has its center of gravity outside. Having discussions in class will allow students to have a critical way of thinking. In addition, searching for a way to solve a problem will increase creativity of students as well. And the last type is finding the center of gravity of a big acrylic panel where multiple objects are on the panel. According to the survey and interview conducted by students who participated in this program, teaching based on creative STEAM system helps students to get a better understanding and more fast acquisition of knowledge. We can expect that a well-planned creative STEAM system through a continuous study will be both effective and efficient in educating critical and creative students. 본 연구에서 제시하는 무게중심 확인실험 프로그램개발은 2013년 ‘동국대학교 과학영재교육원’에서 융합형 영재프로그램으로 개발되어 초등 영재학생 10개 집단 120명과 중등 수학영재학생 24명을 대상으로 진행되었다. 무게중심 확인실험은 한국 과학창의재단에서 제시하는 융합형인재교육(STEAM) 학습준거 틀에서 수행된 3단계 과정을 이행하여 창의적 융합교육의 효과를 극대화하였다. 본 연구가 갖는 3가지 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구에서 새롭게 개발된 무게중심 확인실험은 수학과 물리가 융합된 교육방식이다. 둘째, 실험에 사용되는 모형은 학생들의 능동적 활동으로 창의적인 모형 설계가 가능하다. 셋째, 무게중심 확인실험 프로그램은 학습 능력에 따라 수준별 수업으로서 전환이 가능하다. 위에서 제시한 특성들을 바탕으로 무게중심 확인실험을 통하여 창의적 융합교육의 효과를 극대화시킨다. 설문조사 결과는 주어진 지식을 단순 암기하는 학습에서 벗어나 실험에 필요한 배경지식 이해, 실험 설계, 실험 과정, 실험 결과의 단계를 거쳐 학습된다. 설문조사와 학생들의 실험 후 토의 결과, 현재 수학 또는 과학 교육과정이 제시하는 무게중심 학습과 비교하여, 새롭게 개발된 융합형 프로그램이 교육의 효과가 뛰어남을 보여 준다. 본 연구는 수학이 다른 교과영역과 융합되는 새로운 융합형 교육방식을 제시한다. 특히 무게중심을 찾고 이를 확인하는 새로운 형태를 제시한다. 결론적으로 교수자와 학습자가 모두 만족할 수 있는 새로운 무게중심 교육의 틀을 제시한다.

클라우제비츠 “무게중심” 개념 분석과 유형별 중심의 한반도에서의 적용

박준혁 세종연구소 2011 국가전략 Vol.17 No.4

In view of Prussian military strategist Clausewitz's famous statement that “war is the continuation of politics by other means,” the main criticism that can be raised about both the Afghanistan War and the Iraq War is that the overwhelming military victory by the United States did not adequately contribute to the achievement of the wars' political objectives. Although U.S.-led military operations, which oriented their main efforts to the capital Kabul's Taliban regime and the capital Baghdad's Hussein regime, were effective in achieving their military aims at these times, they were not effective in achieving the wars' political objectives of “the establishment of democratic pro-American regime and regional stabilization.” With this problem in mind, this paper reviews the concept of “Center of Gravity” that Clausewitz borrowed from the mechanical sciences to explain the effective establishment of war plan and the effective method of war execution. Then this paper categorizes each type of center of gravity that Clausewitz introduced based on each circumstantial precondition, as follows: (1) a dictator's army; (2) capital; (3) a leader's personality; (4) public opinion; and (5) the army of the stronger state in support for the weaker state and the unity of alliance. Further, by citing several examples, including the current security circumstances in the Korean Peninsula, this paper briefly reviews the relevance of the each above-mentioned type of centers of gravity in the contemporary world and examines the relationships between such types of center of gravity and the levels of war - operational and strategic. Finally, by applying the above types of centers of gravity to the security circumstances in the Korean Peninsula, this paper concretely discusses the characteristics and implications of each type of center of gravity. “전쟁은 다른 수단에 의한 정치의 연속”이라는 프러시아의 군사전략가 클라우제비츠의 유명한 경구에 비추어 볼 때, 아프가니스탄 전쟁과 이라크 전쟁을 통해 제기될 수 있는 주된 비판은 미국의 압도적인 군사적 승리가 전쟁의 정치적 목적 달성에 제대로 기여하지 못했다는 점이다. 이는 신속한 승리를 위해 수도 카불의 탈레반 정권과 수도 바그다드의 사담 후세인 정권을 적의 “힘과 운동의 중추”인 “중심”으로 선정하여 주노력을 지향했던 미국의 군사작전이 당시 군사적 목표 달성 측면에서는 효과적이었지만, 탈레반 정권과 후세인 정권 붕괴라는 최초의 목표 달성 이후 변화된 환경에 기초하여 설정한 “민주적 친미정권 수립 및 지역 안정화”라는 전쟁의 궁극적인 정치적 목적 달성 측면에서는 중심으로서의 효과를 제대로 발휘하지 못했음을 의미한다. 이러한 문제의식에 기초하여 본 논문에서는 클라우제비츠가 효과적인 전쟁계획 수립과 전쟁수행 방식을 설명하기 위해 역학으로부터 최초로 도입한 “무게중심” 개념을 먼저 살펴볼 것이다. 이후 각각의 상황적 전제조건들에 따라 클라우제비츠가 제시한 유형별 중심들을 다음의 다섯 가지로 구분할 것이다: (1) 독재자의 군대; (2) 수도; (3) 지도자의 개인적 자질; (4) 여론; 그리고 (5) 후원 강대국의 군대와 동맹 연합체. 나아가 오늘날 한반도의 안보상황을 포함한 여러 가지 예들을 제시하여 이들 다섯 가지 유형별 중심들의 현대적 적실성을 간단히 살펴보고 이들 중심들과 작전적, 전략적 전쟁 수준과의 관계성에 대해 검토할 것이다. 마지막으로 상기 유형별 중심들을 한반도 안보상황에 적용하여 각각의 특징과 함의에 대해 구체적으로 논의해 보고자 한다.

유아의 무게중심 개념은 어떻게 발달하는가? -미세발달분석을 중심으로-

이귀옥,우남희 한국아동권리학회 2014 아동과 권리 Vol.18 No.2

This study analyzed in detail the acquisition of center of gravity gained through balancing tasks by children using the microgenetic method. The target group was 62 students aged between 3-6 years randomly assigned from “H” child care center in Seoul, South Korea. The children were given the task of balancing 7 different blocks by putting them on a bar, one by one. The materials used were two symmetrically balanced blocks and five asymmetrically balanced blocks. Three results were observed: First, the rate of success of the block balancing task differed between the age groups. Second, children’s process of development of center of gravity displayed variable actions and patterns, and they were divided into five levels. Level 1 showed no concept. Level 2 was a transitional stage between 1 and 3. Level 3 showed an understanding of geometric center. Level 4 was a transitional stage between 3 and 5. Level 5 was the center of gravity. Lastly children’s level of development of center of gravity grew as they attempted to solve more tasks. The results of analyzing the process of acquiring center of gravity were that children had several different approaches and reactions, but patterns were displayed nonetheless. Children retain the concepts they have previously acquired and through this begin to gain new concepts. The process children use in solving the tasks is more important from a developmental sense than the result. To fully see the results, it is necessary to give the child enough time to develop their own process of solving by means of success and failure, while working on tasks. 본 연구는 유아의 무게중심 개념이 어떻게 발달하는지 살펴보기 위해 서울에 위치한 ‘H'어린이집 3~6세 유아 62명을 무선표집 하였다. 연구도구는 길이 중심에 무게중심이 있는 균형블록 2개와 무게중심이 길이 중심에 있지 않은 불균형 블록 5개로 총 7개 나무블록과 1개의 받침대이다. 유아 한 명씩 개별로 과제를 수행하였으며 이 과정을 비디오로 녹화하였다. 녹화 자료를 근거로 연령별 성공빈도를 산출하여 카이검증 하였고, 무게중심 개념 수준을 살펴보기 위해 행위를 근거로 미세발달분석을 하였으며, 연령별 무게중심 개념 수준을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과 무게중심 과제 성공빈도는 연령에 따라 차이가 있었으나 개념의 차이를 성공빈도만으로는 설명할 수 없었다. 무게중심 개념 발달은 1~5수준으로 발달하였고, 각 수준은 연령에 따라 증가하였다. 결론적으로 유아들은 무게중심과 관련된 지식발달 과정에서 자신들이 갖고 있는 지식을 고수하거나, 그 지식을 바꾸기 위해 새로운 시도를 하였다. 이상의 결과를 통해 본 연구는 결과 위주의 평가보다는 과정 자체를 중요시 다루어야 하며, 사고 과정을 살펴보기 위해서는 미세발달분석과 같은 방법을 사용해야 함을 보여주었다.

Design of personal mobility system for assisted agricultural work with selfadjusting center of gravity

Zixuan Jiang,이철희 대한기계학회 2023 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.37 No.4

A personal mobility system with a self-adjusting center of gravity is designed to aid agricultural work. This personal mobility system can assist elderly and disabled people with mobility problems to perform simple agricultural tasks. Simulations and experiments were performed using a 2.5-times reduced model of the personal mobility system, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system were verified. With the initial position of the center of gravity of the personal mobility system as the set value, the proportional-integral-derivative control of the counterweight motion is coordinated horizontally using two corresponding motors and the center of gravity of the system is controlled within a certain range of the set value. The experimental transition time is 10.8 s and the simulated transition time is 10.4 s. The error between the two is 3.85 %. The results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive control system achieves adaptive adjustment of the center of gravity.

여자 500m 쇼트트랙 스피드 스케이팅의 스타트 기술분석

백진호,곽창수,정남주 한국운동역학회 2004 한국운동역학회지 Vol.14 No.3

J. H. BACK, C. S. KWAK, N. J. CHUNG. Analysis of the Female 500m Sprint Starting Motion in Short Track Speed Skating. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 285-299, 2004. The purpose of this study is to identify female 500m sprint start motion by the center of gravity position in short track speed skating. The center of gravity position ratio was divided into three type(type A front : 80%-back : 20%, type B front : 70%-back : 30%, type C front: 50%-back : 50%). Three video cameras were used for 3D motion analysis with DLT method and the results were as follows: The elapsed time in starting motion was appeared that type B was the shortest and type A was the longest. It was appear that the stroke length of type A was longer than that type B and C during starting phase. This result was similar to displacement of center of gravity. It was appeared that skill type of center of gravity position ratio type B' ankle and knee joint angle were lower than that of type A and C. Observing these results it was conclusion that skill type B of center of gravity position ratio was more faster than that of type A and C. But it is important that these skill type needed to verifying more subjects.

Feasible Positions of Towing Point and Center of Gravity for Towfish Attitude Control

Min-Kyu Kim,Dong-Jin Park,Jong-Hwa Kim,Jin-Kyu Choi 한국해양공학회 2020 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.34 No.5

Most towfish systems do not have propulsive devices and cannot compensate for perturbation motion, which can affect the observation data. This paper discusses attitude control of a towfish with elevators on the left and right tail wings to improve the quality of the observational data. Specifically, we investigate the relationships between the towing point, the center of gravity, and the drag forces produced by the elevators to clarify whether the elevators can control the attitude of the towfish sufficiently for various positions of the towing point and center of gravity. The feasible positions of the towing point and center of gravity are defined by mechanical analyses, and simulations are conducted to verify that the elevators can provide attitude control in these positions. The simulation results show that at some positions, the elevators can control the attitude quickly and sufficiently even if disturbances exist.

フットサル競技における“チーム重心”を用いたゲーム分析に關する硏究

菅輝(Akira KAN),崔喆洵(Choi Chul-Soon),鹽川滿久(Mitsuhisa SHIOKAWA),沖原謙(Ken OKIHARA) 한국체육과학회 2000 한국체육과학회지 Vol.9 No.1

In the research regarding the analysis of football game, the various ways are used. And the football game is very mobile and difficult to evaluate the movement of the whole team objectively. However, the futsul game is played with 5 players, so we can conceive that the analysis of the futsal game is easier in comparison with the football game. The purpose of this study is the analysis of the futsul game, by using the new parameter called 'the team cetner of gravity' that is calculated by DLT method. Furthermore, we examine the usefulness of this parameter. Setting two videl cameras (SONY CCD-TR2000), each one covering an entire pitch, recorded one of THE FUTSAL JAPAN CAP MATCHES. It captured every l/3sec frame from the recorded tape, and coordinated positions of all player movements and ball using application software (MPJAPAN VM95). The coordinated position's data are treated with original application software. After analyzing the data, we found the following: 1) We found that the distance between the center of gravity of both teams was modified right away even if it spread temporarily. It was conceivable that the defense side was being about to correspond to the attack side of the enemy continually. As the distance between the center of gravity of both teams becomes short, the game becomes intense in offense and defense. 2) It proved that the distance from the center of gravity to each player spread and the player was more activity during offense and that the player concentrated in some degree and controlled their minimum movement during defense. 3) From the result of this study, the usefulness was suggested to analyze the futsal game by using the parameter called 'the team center of gravity', when we did it objectively in the futsul game.

초등학교 운동부 학생의 안정성과 운동성 비교를 통한 운동종목 선택 현황 및 방안 제시

홍성환,이기청 한국초등체육학회 2018 한국초등체육학회지 Vol.24 No.3

운동은 종목 특성에 따라서 안정성이 클수록 유리한 종목이 있고, 이와는 반대로 운동성이 클수록 유리한 종목 이 있다. 전문적으로 운동을 하고자 하는 선수들은 자신의 이러한 특성을 고려해 종목을 선택하는 것이 중요하다. 많은 선수들이 초등학교시기에 운동을 시작하며 자신의 종목을 이 시기에 주로 결정하기 때문에, 선수들의 종목 선택이 제대로 이루어지고 있는지에 대해서 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 운동성이 클수록 유리하다고 판단되 는 종목과 안정성이 클수록 유리하다고 판단되는 종목의 선수들을 대상으로 생체역학적인 변인을 비교하였다. 무 게중심 높이와 안정성을 측정한 결과, 무게중심 높이는 배구와 씨름 종목 선수들이 단거리 달리기와 골프 종목 선수들 보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 압력중심 이동거리는 똑바로 선 자세에서는 배구 선수들이 골프와 씨름 선수 들 보다 크게 나타났고, 외발로 선 자세에서는 배구 선수들과 단거리 달리기 선수들이 골프와 씨름 선수들 보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 눈감고 외발로 선 자세에서는 배구선수들이 단거리 달리기, 골프, 씨름 선수들 보다 크 게 나타났고, 단거리 달리기 선수들은 골프와 씨름 선수들 보다 크게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 배구와 씨 름, 그리고 골프 종목의 선수들은 종목 선택이 유리해 보이지만 단거리달리기 선수들은 그렇지 못한 것으로 판단 된다. 또한 씨름 선수들의 경우에는 안정성뿐만 아니라 동작을 전환시킬 수 있는 운동성도 중요한 요인이라고 판단된다. The purpose of this study is to compare the biomechanical variables of athletes in volleyball, short-distance running, golf, and ssireum [Korean wrestling] according to their motion characteristics. For this purpose, we measured the heights of the centers of gravity of the bodies of 33 elementary school elite athletes using a COP(center of pressure) measuring plate. We also measured the stabilities of standing posture, standing-on-one leg posture, and standing-on-one-leg-with-the-eyes-closed posture on a plate for measuring ground reaction force. We first converted the heights of the centers of gravity of the bodies of the athletic students into the ratios to their heights. Then, to measure the stability of each posture, the total variation distances of the center-of-gravity heights of the bodies from their origins were calculated and the one-way ANOVA was performed with the following conclusions obtained. The heights of the centers of gravity of the bodies of volleyball players and ssireum players were higher than those of short-distance runners and golf players depending on the motion characteristics of each exercise item. The shit displacements of the centers of gravity of bodies in standing position were larger for volleyball players than for golfers and ssireum wrestlers, and those in standing-on-one-leg position were larger for volleyball players and short distance runners than for golfers and ssireum wrestlers. In addition, in standing-on-one-leg-with-the-eyes-closed position, the shift displacements of the bodies' centers of gravity of volleyball players were larger than those of short distance running, golf, and ssireum players, and those of short distance runners were larger than those of golfers and ssireum wrestlers. Therefore, measuring the shift displacements of the centers of gravity of the bodies of the three postures and comparing them with the motion characteristics of the corresponding sports items can help to ascertain if certain training programs and motor actions are effective at the kinematic level, and develop physical ability.

무게중심 확인 융합 프로그램의 수준별 수업 적용 사례연구

김수금,류시규,김선배 한국학교수학회 2014 韓國學校數學會論文集 Vol.17 No.4

‘무게중심’의 개념은 현재 초등교과영역에서 처음 등장하여 대학의 수학과 물리학, 공학 분 야 등 폭넓게 응용되고 있지만 실제 교육은 실생활과 유리된 이론수업의 형태가 대부분이었 다. 2013년 ‘OO대학교 과학영재교육원’에서 영재학생들을 대상으로 ‘무게중심 확인 융합 프 로그램’을 개발하였고, 본 연구에서는 이 프로그램을 수준별 수업으로 재구성하여 비영재학 생들에게 적용시켜 그 효과성을 분석하고자 한다. 물체의 빈 공간이나 물체 밖에 무게중심이 존재하는 경우를 확인하는 실험 등 새로운 과정을 포함하였으며, 무게중심을 구할 때 핵심이 되는 지렛대의 원리에서 지렛대의 무게를 고려한 계산 방식을 제시하여 보다 실제적으로 개 념에 다가갈 수 있도록 하였다. 초․중․고등학교 학생 총 65명을 대상으로 기존 8차시 프로 그램을 4차시로 재편성하여 적용하였고, 수업 후 설문과 토론, 인터뷰 등을 통하여 분석한 결과, 학생들은 정밀한 오차분석 등의 과정을 통하여 수준 높은 성공의 경험을 하였다. The concept of the center of gravity is presently being introduced in elementary school curriculums and is broadly applied to Mathematics, Physics, and the Engineering field in University education which are mostly theoretical classes much separated from actual life in the practical educational field. In 2013, OO University of Science and Gifted Education, had developed the multidisciplinary approach program of verifying the center of gravity for gifted students, but this program was reconstructed and applied to ordinary students and the effectiveness was analyzed to lay the foundation and generalize this convergence education. Including experiments for verifying the center of gravity in an object with a hollow interior and the existence of a center of gravity outside an object, I proposed realizing the calculations by considering the weight of the lever, the Principle of the lever being a core factor when finding the center of gravity. We altered the existing 8 step program to a 4 step program for the told 65 students from elementary, Junior and High School students, letting them freely select the class lecture by themselves. The analysis attained from surveys, debates and interviews showed that by precise error analysis, students achieved a higher success experience, showing us the importance of the development of a new convergence program.

人體重心高의 測定 및 體格要因間 相關硏究

김종덕(Kim Jong-Duk) 한국체육과학회 2006 한국체육과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was intended to estimate the position of the center of gravity of human body and to find the relationships between physique factors and height of the center of gravity. 27 woman's college students were tested by the Reaction Board Method to estimate the position of the center of gravity. Physique factors (Standing Height : (H), Weight(W), Chest Girth(C,G), Sitting Height(S.H) were checked. Coefficient of correlation of the factors was calculated according to the method of K Pearson's calculation of coefficient of correlation. As the results of analyzing the date, the conclutions were made as follows. ⅰ) The mean(M.) of the physique factor was 163.71±6.05㎝(H), 55.43±8.33g(W.), 84.44±5.36 ㎝ (C.G), and 87.19±3.85㎝(S.H). ⅱ) The mean of the Height of the Center of Gracity was 93.10㎝, the ratio of HC.G to Height was 56.87% , and the range was 56.60~56.87%. ⅲ) Higher correlation was found between H. and S.H(r=,90), H. and H.C.G (r=,56), W. and co. (r=,83), S.H and H.C.G (r=,63). ⅳ) Moderate correlation was found between Hand W(r=,63), W. and S.H(r=,66), W and H.C.G (r=,66), C.G (r=,63).