슬링을 이용한 능동 운동프로그램이 무릎 관절 전치환술 환자의 통증과 균형에 미치는 영향

류제주,정범철,유경태 중소기업융합학회 2022 융합정보논문지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 슬링을 이용한 능동 운동프로그램이 무릎 관절 전치환술 환자의 통증과 균형에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 대상자는 무릎 관절 전치환술을 받고 입원 중인 환자 20명이며, 수술 후에 CPM (Continuous passive motion) 만을 적용하는 집단 (CPM group; CG)과 CPM과 슬링을 이용한 능동 운동프로그램을 병행하는 집단 (CPM with active exercise program using sling group; CSG)으로 10명씩 무작위로 배치되었다. CG는 CPM을 주 5일, CSG는 CPM을 주 2일, 슬링을 이용한 능동 운동프로그램을 주 3일 실시하였고, 각 중재는 하루 40분씩 총 4주간 실시하였다. 통증은 VAS (Visual analog scale)을 이용하여 평가하였고, 균형은 BT4 (Balance training 4)를 이용하여 C90 area, Trace length, Sway average velocity를 눈을 뜬 상태와 감은 상태로 측정하였다. 그 결과, 두 집단 모두 통증에서 집단 내에서 유의하게 감소하였고, 집단 간의 변화량에서도 유의한 차이가 있었다. 균형에서 CG의 C90을 제외한 모든 변인이 중재 후 유의한 변화가 있었으며, 집단 간 변화량에서는 눈을 감은 상태의 C90과 Vel에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 CPM과 슬링을 이용한 능동 운동프로그램을 함께 시행하는 것은 무릎 관절 전치환술 환자의 통증 감소와 균형 향상에 효과적인 중재라고 생각한다. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the active exercise program using sling on the pain and balance of total knee replacement patients. Subjects were 20 patients who received total knee replacement and are hospitalized, 10 patients in each group were randomly assigned to a group (CPM group) that applied only CPM (Continuous passive motion) and a group (CSG) that combined CPM with a active exercise program using sling. CG was performed CPM 5 days a week, CSG performed CPM 2 days a week and a active exercise program using sling 3 days a week, and each intervention was performed for 40 minutes a day for a total of 4 weeks. Pain was evaluated using VAS (Visual analog scale), and balance was measured using BT4 (Balance training 4) to measure C90 area, trace length, and Sway average velocity with eyes open and closed. As a result, there was a significant decrease in pain in both groups, and there was also a significant difference in the amount of change between groups. In balance, all variables except C90 of CG showed significant changes after intervention, and there was a significant difference between C90 and Vel with eyes closed in the amount of change between groups. Therefore, we believe that CPM and active exercise program using sling are effective interventions to reduce pain and improve balance in total knee replacement patients.

동부박을 첨가한 두부의 품질특성

이경혜,김경탁,이명희 한국식품위생안전성학회 2014 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.29 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of tofu prepared with additionof cowpea meal (CPM). Any significant difference of L-value between control CPM-O and treatment CPM-I, CPMIIand CPM-III could not be seen as addition ratio of CPM increases (p < 0.05). The b-value of CPM-III (75%) hasshown the least value of 14.26, and it has decreased as addition ratio of CPM increases. The result of texture profiledid not show any significant difference between control CPM-O and CPM-Iexcept in the case of cohesiveness. ThepH range of treatments was 6.36~6.52, which showed no significant difference from controls. The values of turbiditywere 1.46~1.81, which had increasing trend as addition ratio of CPM increases. The total bacterial count of CPM-IIIwas 4.40 × 102 CFU/g, which showed significant difference from the control. No Esterichia coli was detected in thecontrol and the treatments. The result of sensory analysis of the treatment CPM-I did not show any significant differencefrom the control, which implied the treatment CPM-Iwas found to be suitable at the tofu making using byproductsof cowpea-jelly making. Isoflavone glycoside (IG) was contained more on the order of genistin, daidzin, andglycitin, and the content decreased significantly as addition ratio of CPM increases. The content of isoflavone-aglycone(IA) was less than IG, but showed similar behavior of addition ratio of CPM.

드라이버 클럽 샤프트의 절단방법에 따른 강도의 변화

박영진,박성진,조현호 한국골프학회 2016 골프연구 Vol.10 No.4

연구에서 분석한 드라이버는 시판용으로 A사 4개, B사 1개, C사 3개, D사 2개 총 8개(236±8.70 CPM)와 드라이버용 Raw 샤프트 21개로, 강도는 CPM 236이상을 강(n=14), 235 CPM 이하를 약(n=13) 그룹으로 구분하였으며, 드라이버의 헤드를 제거 한 샤프트(n=8)를 Raw-Shaft 그룹에 합하여, 강 그룹을 butt(n=6)과 tip(n=8) 그룹으로, 약 그룹을 butt과 tip 그룹으로 구분하여 0.5inch씩 절단 후 CPM을 측정하여서 드라이버클럽 샤프트의 절단 방법에 따른 CPM 변화를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 그립을 실험용으로 장착하여 측정을 해본결과는 기존 완제품과의CPM 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으며 강한 그룹과 약한 그룹에서도 5.2와 4.3CPM으로 유의한 차이가 나타났고, Butt과 Tip을 잘랐을 경우의 CPM 차이는 3.5와 5.7CPM의 차이가 나타났으며 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 드라이버클럽 샤프트 길이 피팅 시에 강도를 예측할 수 있는 자료를 제공했다고 판단된다 Based on a total of 29 (236±8.70CPM) shaft companies constructed of company A (4), company B (1), company C (3), company D (2), this study divided the strength into two groups: strong(n=14) for CPM of at least 236 and weak(n=13) for CPM of equal to or less than 235. The strong group was then randomly divided into butt amputated group(n=6) and tip amputated group (n=8) while the weak group was also randomly divided into butt amputated group(n=6) and tip amputated group(n=7). Accordingly, the CPM was measured to analyze the CPM changes following the amputation methods of driver club shafts. Results of measurement after installing an experimental grip showed that there were no differences in CPM in comparison to the original completed products and there were significant differences between the strong and weak were 5.2 and 4.3CPM respectively. However the CPM differences when the Butt and Tip were amputated were 3.5 and 5.7CPM respectively.

아이언 클럽 샤프트의 커팅방법이 강도에 미치는 영향

김근환(GeunHwanKim),박영진(YoungJinPark),조현호(HyunHoCho),박성진(SungJinPark) 한국체육학회 2013 한국체육학회지 Vol.52 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 골프 경기력에 많은 영향을 미치는 골프 클럽 아이언 샤프트의 커팅 방법에 따라서 어떤 강도의 변화가 일어나는지를 규명하여서 클럽 피팅의 객관적인 자료를 제시하는 것이었다. 연구에서 분석한 샤프트는 A사 8개, K사 4개, M사 6개, N사 2개, N사 21개, T사 4개 총 45개(274±10.08)로, 강도는 CPM 275이상을 강(n=23), 274이하를 약(n=22) 그룹으로 구분하여서 강 그룹을 다시 butt절단 그룹(279±5.90 n=12)과 tip절단 그룹(284±3.11 n=11)으로, 약 그룹을 butt절단 그룹(266±6.92 n=11), tip절단 그룹(264±5.80 n=11)으로 구분하여 CPM을 측정하여서 아이언 클럽 샤프트의 절단 방법에 따른 CPM 변화를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 그립을 실험용으로 장착하여 측정을 해본 결과는 기존 완제품과의 CPM 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으며 강한 그룹과 약한 그룹에서도 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 Butt과 Tip을 잘랐을 경우의 CPM 차이는 4.5와 9CPM의 차이가 나타났으며 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 아이언 클럽 샤프트 길이 피팅시에 강도를 예측할 수 있는 자료를 제공했다고 판단된다. 그라파이트나 카본 소재의 샤프트로 본 연구를 실시하였는데 추후에 연구에서는 그라파이트 샤프트와 스틸 샤프트의 비교 등의 실험과 여러 제작사 별 실험도 이루어진다면 보다 정확한 데이터를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Based on a total of 45 (274±10.08CPM) shaft companies constructed of company A (8), company K (4), company M (6), company N (w), company N (21), and company T (4), this study divided the strength into two groups: strong(n=23) for CPM of at least 275 and weak(n=22) for CPM of equal to or less than 274. The strong group was then randomly divided into butt amputated group(279±5.90CPM n=12) and tip amputated group (284±3.11CPM n=11) while the weak group was also randomly divided into butt amputated group(266±6.92CPM n=11) and tip amputated group(264±5.80CPM n=11). Accordingly, the CPM was measured to analyze the CPM changes following the amputation methods of iron club shafts. Results of measurement after installing an experimental grip showed that there were no differences in CPM in comparison to the original completed products and there were no significant differences between the strong and weak group. However the CPM differences when the Butt and Tip were amputated were 4.5CPM and 9CPM respectively.

상지재활치료가 필요한 환자를 위한 Shoulder CPM 사용성 평가 사례 연구

이병종(Lee, Byeong Jong),권오성(Kweon, O Seong),김지해(Kim, Agnes Jihae),김세희(Kim, Se Hee) 한국디자인문화학회 2017 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구는 어깨 관절의 손상으로 인해 상지재활치료가 필요한 환자를 위한 재활기기인 Shoulder CPM 사용성 평가 사례 연구이다. CPM(Continuous Passive Motion)이란 독립적인 운동 적용이 어려운 환자를 대상으로 하는 관절 운동 기기로 반복적이고 지속적인 수동 운동을 통해 기능적 회복을 돕는다. 본 연구는 ‘한국인 인체 치수를 고려한 Shoulder CPM 디자인 가이드라인 연구, 권오성 외 3인(2016)’의 후속 연구로서 선행 연구의 결과로 도출된 디자인 가이드라인에 따라 개발된 Shoulder CPM의 사용성을 기존 국내 시장에서 판매, 사용되고 있는 대표적인 Shoulder CPM 기기와 비교하기 위하여 사용성 평가를 진행하였고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 테스트를 위해 사용성 평가 과제 선정 및 평가 시나리오 설계, 평가 항목 및 분석 방법에 대해 계획하였고, 이에 따라 사용성 평가를 진행하고 결과를 도출하였다. 사용성 평가 결과로 두 제품의 학습 시간, 과제 수행 성공 여부, 오류 심각도 평가, 만족도 평가를 비교하였다. 비교 결과, 과제 수행 성공여부와 만족도 평가는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 않았으며 이는 상용화된 제품과 동등한 사용성을 확보했음을 나타낸다. 학습 시간의 경우 새로 개발된 제품이 통계적으로 유의미하게 학습 시간이 짧은 것을 알 수 있었다. 오류 심각도 평가 결과를 바탕으로 Shoulder CPM의 사용자 인터페이스 디자인의 방향을 도출하였다. Shoulder CPM은 사용자 스스로가 치료에 적합한 자세로 취하고 설정하는데 올바른 판단을 할 수 있도록 유도해야 하며, 한 쪽 팔의 움직임이 자유롭지 못한 환자의 경우, 물리적 조작에 어려움이 크므로 한 손 조작에 용이해야 한다. 또한, 직관적이고 이해가 쉬운 치료와 관련된 용어, 수치 표현을 해야한다. This study is a case study of usability of shoulder CPM, a rehabilitation device for patients who need upper extremity rehabilitation due to shoulder joint damage. CPM (Continuous Passive Motion) is an articulation device for patients who have difficulty in exercising independently. It helps functional recovery by repetitive and continuous manual exercise. This study is a follow-up study of "A Study on Shoulder CPM Design Guideline Considering Body Size of Korean, Kweon et al.(2016)". In order to compare the usability of the shoulder CPM developed according to the design guideline derived from the previous study, the usability evaluation was conducted to compare usability of the shoulder CPM sold and used in the domestic market. The authors planned the selection of tasks for usability evaluation, the design of scenarios, the items and analysis methods, and the usability evaluation was conducted according to the plan and the results were derived. As a result of usability evaluation, the authors compared the learning time, the success of the task, the error severity evaluation, and the satisfaction evaluation of two products. As a result of the comparison, there was no statistically significant difference between two shoulder CPM in the success of the task and the satisfaction evaluation, which indicates that the equivalent usability to that of the commercialized product is secured. In the case of learning time, it was found that the newly developed product had a statistically significant short learning time. Based on the result of error severity evaluation, the directions of user interface design of shoulder CPM are derived. Shoulder CPM should induce the user to make the right decision to take and set the proper posture for treatment, and for patients who are not free to move one arm, it should be easy to manipulate one hand because it is difficult to physically manipulate. In addition, intuitive and easy to understand treatment-related terms, numerical expressions should be made.

임상시험에서 이상반응 분류 시 MedDRA를 기반으로 한 자동코딩시스템 개발

전은정,임현우,최인영,송길룡,이영작,이경신 대한임상약리학회 2009 Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Vol.17 No.2

Introduction: Currently, the adverse events are being inspected, aiming to prove the safety from phase 1 up to phase 4 of clinical study to Post Marketing Surveillance (PMS). Along with the movement of the changing international society, an auto coding system that is developed based on the existing MedDRA was devised to provide medically consistent and accurate as well as commonly applicable terminologies in the field of medicine while aiming to share the clinical safety of the medical supplies oriented by the ICH countries. Material and Methods: The auto coding system developed in this study basically connected the 67,159 LLT terminologies from MedDRA 12.0 and 5,583 terminologies from WHO-ART 2006, while improving the coding efficiency by utilizing the existing coding data. As for the comparison between the Copy & Paste Method (Hereinafter called as ‘CPM’) and AE Mapper (Hereinafter called as ‘AEM’), which was an auto coding system, the assessment was made in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and consistency. In addition, the difference depending on the level of medical background among the coders’ skill was measured when comparing CPM and AEM. Result: In case of comparing CPM and AEM, the time consumed for CPM was 5.3 times greater in experiment 1, 3.9 times greater in experiment 2, and 4.5 times greater in both experiments 1 and 2 compared to the results derived from AEM. When comparing the accuracy, the file of the experiment 1 did not display a significant difference resulting CPM 86.7% and AEM 94.9% of the total average; however, the file of experiment 2 showed a significant difference as CPM was 62.0% and AEM was 92.4% in terms of the total average. When comparing the Consistency, the file of the experiment 1 did not display a significant difference resulting CPM 89.0% and AEM 99.3% of the total average; however, the file of experiment 2 showed a significant difference as CPM was 79.6% and AEM was 98.9% in terms of the total average. Conclusion: Based on the result derived by comparing CPM that copied and pasted AE and AEM (AE Mapper) that was an auto coding system for coding AE, it was known that the use of the auto coding system was superior in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and consistency. Furthermore, when using the auto coding system, there was no significant difference depending on the users’ medical background and past experience in terms of accuracy and agreement compared to the CPM. Therefore, it is suggested to seek a method to improve the mapping of the auto coding system and conduct a further study that applies such system. Introduction: Currently, the adverse events are being inspected, aiming to prove the safety from phase 1 up to phase 4 of clinical study to Post Marketing Surveillance (PMS). Along with the movement of the changing international society, an auto coding system that is developed based on the existing MedDRA was devised to provide medically consistent and accurate as well as commonly applicable terminologies in the field of medicine while aiming to share the clinical safety of the medical supplies oriented by the ICH countries. Material and Methods: The auto coding system developed in this study basically connected the 67,159 LLT terminologies from MedDRA 12.0 and 5,583 terminologies from WHO-ART 2006, while improving the coding efficiency by utilizing the existing coding data. As for the comparison between the Copy & Paste Method (Hereinafter called as ‘CPM’) and AE Mapper (Hereinafter called as ‘AEM’), which was an auto coding system, the assessment was made in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and consistency. In addition, the difference depending on the level of medical background among the coders’ skill was measured when comparing CPM and AEM. Result: In case of comparing CPM and AEM, the time consumed for CPM was 5.3 times greater in experiment 1, 3.9 times greater in experiment 2, and 4.5 times greater in both experiments 1 and 2 compared to the results derived from AEM. When comparing the accuracy, the file of the experiment 1 did not display a significant difference resulting CPM 86.7% and AEM 94.9% of the total average; however, the file of experiment 2 showed a significant difference as CPM was 62.0% and AEM was 92.4% in terms of the total average. When comparing the Consistency, the file of the experiment 1 did not display a significant difference resulting CPM 89.0% and AEM 99.3% of the total average; however, the file of experiment 2 showed a significant difference as CPM was 79.6% and AEM was 98.9% in terms of the total average. Conclusion: Based on the result derived by comparing CPM that copied and pasted AE and AEM (AE Mapper) that was an auto coding system for coding AE, it was known that the use of the auto coding system was superior in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and consistency. Furthermore, when using the auto coding system, there was no significant difference depending on the users’ medical background and past experience in terms of accuracy and agreement compared to the CPM. Therefore, it is suggested to seek a method to improve the mapping of the auto coding system and conduct a further study that applies such system.

키워드 검색 광고 운영 DB 데이터 분석을 통한 CPM와 CPC방식의 광고효과 연구

김도연(Do Yeon Kim),임규건(Gyoo Gun Lim),이대철(Dae Chul Lee) 한국전자거래학회 2011 한국전자거래학회지 Vol.16 No.4

최근 키워드 검색 서비스를 제공하는 검색매체들은 CPM 광고방식에서 CPC 광고방식으로 전환하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 CPC 광고방식이 CPM 광고방식에 비해 어떠한 측면에서 효과가 있는가에 대한 체계적 연구는 미흡한 편이다. 이에 본 연구는 CPM 광고방식과 CPC 광고방식의 효과를 DB(Database)로부터 실 사례 데이터를 수집하여 두 광고방식 간 차이가 있는지에 대해 비교분석을 시도하였다. CPM 광고방식과 CPC 광고방식의 광고노출 영역은 상이하여 두 방식을 직접적으로 비교하기 어려우므로 분석단위를 동일하게 하기 위해 원본 데이터에 대한 전처리 과정을 수행하였다. 대상 데이터에 대한 분석결과 CPC 광고 방식이 CPM 광고방식보다 총 노출 수 대비 클릭률이 약 1.3% 가량 높게 나타났으며, 1광고에 대한 클릭 당 단가가 약 51원 저렴한 것으로 나타났다. 즉 CPC 광고방식이 CPM 광고방식에 비해 광고효과 측면(CTR)과 광고비용 측면(CPC)에서 보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 향후 본 연구를 통해 키워드 검색 광고를 이용하고자 하는 광고주 및 마케팅 담당자에게 근거 있는 자료로서 마케팅 의사결정, 전략수립 및 예산편성에 도움이 되길 기대해 본다. Recently Internet keyword search service providers tends to use CPC advertisement method rather than CPM method. However researches how much the CPC method is beneficial to advertisers than CPM method in certain perspectives are insufficient and not performed systematically. So this paper tries to do comparative analysis about the two methods by analyzing the real transactional DB data from an advertizement agency. Due to the difficulties of direct comparison between the two methods because of their different expose positions on the Web and different types of attributes in DB, we did some preprocessing step for the transactional data. From the result of analysis, the click rate of CPC is higher than CPM by 1.3% and the unit cost for the CPC per one click is lower than CPM method by 51 Won. It shows the CPC method is more effective than CPM method for advertizement from the point of advertizement effectiveness (CTR) and advertisement cost (CPC). We hope this research would give useful information to advertisers and marketing managers in making advertizement strategy, marketing decision and budgeting.

콜라겐 펩타이드의 피부 광노화 예방 효과

김정기(Jeong Kee Kim),이지해(Ji Hae Lee),양미숙(Mi Sook Yang),서대방(Dae Bang Seo),이상준(Sang Jun Lee) 한국식품과학회 2009 한국식품과학회지 Vol.41 No.4

In vivo에서 10주간의 UV처리에 의해 유발되는 피부 손상에 대한 콜라겐 펩타이드 혼합물(AP-CPM01)의 보호 효능을 관찰한 결과, UV에 의해 유도되는 주름의 증가와 탄력 저하 및 비정상적인 각질 세포의 증식에 의한 피부 두께의 증가가 혼합물의 섭취에 의해 개선됨을 확인하여, 콜라겐 펩타이드 혼합물이 UV에 의한 피부 손상을 방어하고, 피부 기능이 정상적으로 작용할 수 있도록 도움을 주는 것을 알 수 있었다. 콜라겐 펩타이드 혼합물의 피부 보호 작용 기전을 살펴보기 위하여 사람 섬유아세포를 이용하여 콜라겐 펩타이드 혼합물의 작용을 평가한 결과, 콜라겐 펩타이드와 엘라스틴 단백질은 procollagen 발현을 농도 의존적으로 증가시키고 시너지 효과가 있음을 확인하였으며, 이를 통하여 콜라겐 펩타이드 혼합물이 광노화에 의해 유발되는 피부 진피층의 손상을 회복 혹은 보호하는 효능이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이상의 결과로부터 콜라겐 펩타이드 혼합물(AP-CPM01)이 광노화 보호 또는 피부 개선 효능을 갖는 새로운 미용 식품 소재로써 이용 가능성이 높음을 알 수 있다. Recent research has revealed that hydrolyzed collagen peptides have beneficial effects in various diseases such as osteoarthritis and human rheumatoid arthritis and also play a protective role in skin by improving the activity of antioxidants. In this study, we investigated the effects of a novel mixture (AP-CPM01) containing collagen peptides and elastin peptides on photoaged hairless mice skin both in vivo and in vitro. To evaluate the effects of AP-CPM01 on UVBinduced skin wrinkle formation in vivo, the hairless mice were exposed to UVB irradiation and orally administered the AP-CPM01 at 333 mg/kg per day for 10 weeks. The effects on skin appearance and epidermal thickness were measured using bioengineering and histochemical methods. In addition, the influence of AP-CPM01 on collagen metabolism in human skin fibroblasts was also investigated. The skin of mice in the AP-CPM01 treated group had better appearance and less wrinkling than that of mice in the control group. In the human fibroblast cells, the amount of de novo procollagen synthesis was increased after AP-CPM01 treatment, reflecting that AP-CPM01 can induce de novo procollagen synthesis and reduce UVB-induced skin wrinkle formation. These results suggest that AP-CPM01 is a potent candidate for antiphotoaging functions.

Purification and Characterization of a Serine Protease (CPM-2) with Fibrinolytic Activity from the Dung Beetles

Mi Young Ahn,Bum-Soo Hahn,Kang Sun Ryu,Jae Sam Hwang,Yeong Shik Kim 대한약학회 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.7

Catharsius protease-2 (CPM-2) was isolated from the body of dung beetles, Catharsius molossus, using a three step purification process (ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-60, and affinity chromatography on DEAE Affi-Gel blue). The purified CPM-2, having a molecular weight of 24 kDa, was assessed homogeneously by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of CPM-2 was composed of X Val Gln Asp Phe Val Glu Glu Ile Leu. CPM-2 was inactivated by Cu2+ and Zn2+ and strongly inhibited by typical serine proteinase inhibitors such as TLCK, soybean trypsin inhibitor, aprotinin, benzamidine, and α1-antitrypsin. However, EDTA, EGTA, cysteine, β-mercaptoethanol, E64, and elastatinal had little effect on enzyme activity. In addition, antiplasmin and antithrombin III were not sensitive to CPM-2. Based on the results of a fibrinolytic activity test, CPM-2 readily cleaved Aα- and Bβ-chains of fibrinogen and fibrin, and γ-chain of fibrinogen more slowly. The nonspecific action of the enzyme resulted in extensive hydrolysis, releasing a variety of fibrinopeptides of fibrinogen and fibrin. Polyclonal antibodies of CPM-2 were reactive to the native form of antigen. The ELISA was applied to detect quantities, in nanograms, of the antigen in CPM-2 protein.

Purification and Characterization of a Serine Protease (CPM-2) with Fibrinolytic Activity from the Dung Beetles

Ahn, Mi-Young,Hahn, Bum-Soo,Ryu, Kang-Sun,Hwang, Jae-Sam,Kim, Yeong-Shik The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2005 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.28 No.7

Catharsius protease-2 (CPM-2) was isolated from the body of dung beetles, Catharsius molossus, using a three step purification process (ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-60, and affinity chromatography on DEAE Affi-Gel blue). The purified CPM-2, having a molecular weight of 24 kDa, was assessed homogeneously by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of CPM-2 was composed of X Val Gin Asp Phe Val Glu Glu lie Leu. CPM-2 was inactivated by $Cu^{2+}\;and\;Zn^{2+}$ and strongly inhibited by typical serine proteinase inhibitors such as TLCK, soybean trypsin inhibitor, aprotinin, benzamidine, and ${\alpha}_1$-antitrypsin. However, EDTA, EGTA, cysteine, $\beta$-mercaptoethanol, E64, and elastatinal had little effect on enzyme activity. In addition, antiplasmin and antithrombin III were not sensitive to CPM-2. Based on the results of a fibrinolytic activity test, CPM-2 readily cleaved $A{\alpha}-$ and $B{\beta}$-chains of fibrinogen and fibrin, and y-chain of fibrinogen more slowly. The nonspecific action of the enzyme resulted in extensive hydrolysis, releasing a variety of fibrinopeptides of fibrinogen and fibrin. Polyclonal antibodies of CPM-2 were reactive to the native form of antigen. The ELISA was applied to detect quantities, in nanograms, of the antigen in CPM-2 protein.