기후위기 시대 영농형태 변화에 따른 농업용 지하수 관리전략 연구

현윤정,차은지,이규상,정아영 한국환경연구원 2021 수시연구보고서 Vol.2021 No.-

Ⅰ. Background and Aims of Research □ A decrease and aging in the farm household population, improvement in national income, and changes in dietary life over the past 50 years has caused an increase in the production of field crops such as vegetables and fruit trees, along with an increase in the area of cultivated facilities. Recently, smart agriculture has received attention for year-round productivity and quality improvement of field crops, leading to changes in farming patterns along with facility cultivation. □ The changes in farming patterns has requested clean water for agricultural use throughout the year, then uses of clean and thermally-stable groundwater have been increasing. Simultaneously, the concern about agricultural damage due to groundwater depletion and deterioration of groundwater quality is growing. □ Therefore, it is necessary to identify the issues of groundwater for agricultural use and to come up with a rational management strategies for agricultural groundwater in accordance with the basic national water management principles such as water cycle soundness, water demand management, and integrated water management. □ This work aims to diagnose agricultural groundwater issues due to changes in farming patterns through statistical data analysis, previous research review, field case analysis and inquiry, interviews with residents and public officials, and collecting expert opinions. Then we present agricultural groundwater management strategies and policy tasks for solving the issues in the era of climate crisis. Ⅱ. Changes in Farming Patterns of South Korea □ Statistical data analyses show that changes in cultivated crops and conversion of paddy fields, such as increasing field farming instead of decreasing paddy farming for the past 10 years (2010-2019) due to various social, economical, and environmental reasons. It also show that the area of open-air cultivation is gradually decreasing and the area of facility cultivation is increasing. The cultivation type appears to be relevant to the crop species, so it is analyzed that fruit cultivation in facilities is increasing while cultivation of special crops in the open field is increasing. □ For a countermeasure against the shift in the appropriate cultivation zone due to climate change, it is expected that the facility cultivation method that can control the growth environment throughout the year will be expanded for crop production throughout the year. Ⅲ. Agricultural Groundwater for Cultivation Patterns 1. General status of agricultural groundwater □ Of the total agricultural water use in Korea, the use of groundwater for agricultural purposes was 510 million m3/year (as of 2018), accounting for 9.8%. About 49.0% of the total groundwater wells and about 51.9% of the total groundwater use amount is used for agricultural purposes. □ As of 2018, 90.4% of the total agricultural groundwater wells(790,198 wells) were reported, and only 1.5% (11,699 wells) were permitted with licences. In all cities and provinces except for Jeju Island, average daily groundwater use amount of the reporting facilities is very small and less than 10 m3/day·site. Groundwater wells account for the largest proportion of agricultural production infrastructure in accordance with 「Rural Development Act」. Most of them are managed by local governments. - Agricultural production infrastructure in accordance with 「Rural Development Act」 is a facility for supplying water for rice paddy farming, and is classified into reservoirs, pumping stations, drainage stations, blowing weirs, collecting culverts, groundwater wells, and others (e.g. seawalls). The number of groundwater wells is 26,840, which is 36.5% of the total agricultural production infrastructure. □ As a result of the operation of the Rural Groundwater Management Observation Network, as of 2018, 14.4% were found to exceed the nitrate nitrogen groundwater quality standard. The deterioration of agricultural groundwater can be caused by insufficient management of pollutants in rural areas. 2. Agricultural groundwater uses for cultivation patterns □ Characteristics of cultivation sites and groundwater uses - Spatial characteristics of cultivation sites of Jinju-si show that the areas where farmland has been consolidated or arranged sites are generally clustered over a certain size, and are mainly developed in the low-lying areas near rivers or in the downstream areas of lakes. On the other hand, in the case of field areas, most of the fields were not arranged and distributed in mountainous areas. In the case of field areas where some fields were rearranged, they were distributed in the lowlands around rivers, - In areas where facility cultivation is clustered, groundwater development and use facilities are also densely distributed, whereas paddy fields or fields without arable land are generally distributed sporadically in mountainous areas, and groundwater facilities are also distributed similar to the distribution of farmland similar to the facility cultivation areas □ Groundwater use in water film cultivation facilities - For water film cultivation, the average daily use of groundwater per facility was reported as 64±11 m3/day, and the average groundwater consumption per well was 126±50 m3/day. Assuming that the water film operation period is 120 days during winter, the annual groundwater use for water film cultivation facilities is 573 million m3, accounting for 32.8% of the groundwater use for agriculture and fishery Ⅳ. On-Site Agricultural Groundwater Issues □ Big data analysis, field case review, field inquiry, and interviews with residents and public officials, and collecting expert opinions were done in order to derive on-site agricultural groundwater issues. □ Three major on-site issues are derived as follows. Firstly, the development of groundwater wells with a pumping rate of less than 150 ㎥/day increases for field farming and facility cultivation water supply. Secondly, the groundwater demand increases for high income crops. Thirdly, the concern about groundwater depletion for water film cultivation during winter. Ⅵ. Agricultural Groundwater Management Strategies and Tasks In Response to Issues □ This study suggests four strategies for agricultural groundwater management and several tasks for each strategy. [Strategy 1] Establishment of a groundwater use basis considering surface water based on water demand □ Development and promotion of a demand-tailored surface watergroundwater complex model for riverside fields or facility complexes □ Promotion of public water supply for small-scale grouped groundwater well fields, facility cultivation, and smart farms (tentatively called ‘water supply project for areas with poor water supply’ or ‘field base maintenance reinforcement project’) □ Establishment of a watershed-level groundwater use and management system considering the lack of soil moisture (agricultural drought) and river maintenance flow (environmental drought) [Strategy 2] Reinforcement of public management of agricultural groundwater wells and improvement of efficiency □ Implementation of the permit system for groundwater development and use facilities in fields or facility complexes of a certain size or larger □ Establishment of underground water facility management system for energy use such as water film facilities and geothermal heat □ Establishment of a legal and institutional basis to promote the linked use of groundwater wells □ Establishment and activation of resident participation and cooperative governance for efficient use and management of collective-type groundwater wells [Strategy 3] Co-Benefit groundwater management through the Water-Energy-Food nexus access □ Improving the legal system and promoting technology demonstration projects to promote the installation of artificial groundwater cultivation facilities in water film facilities □ Promotion of promotion of supply of new and renewable energy (geothermal heat, etc.) □ Pollution source management for the conservation and maintenance of high-quality agricultural groundwater □ Water-energy-food (agricultural) nexus policy model development and pilot project (tentative name 'Low Carbon Green Agricultural Complex') promotion [Strategy 4] Advancement of agricultural groundwater information □ Measurement of actual agricultural groundwater usage using smart technology □ Full investigation of the usable capacity of the clustered groundwater facilities □ Information diversification for agricultural groundwater management

낙동강 하류 유역 농업용 양배수지와 배수지의 수질특성 및 오염부하량 산정

기서진,박현건,안상준,유도건,이춘식 한국수처리학회 2019 한국수처리학회지 Vol.27 No.6

Agricultural detention basin refers to river facilities which temporarily retain runoff from agricultural area and then rushes the polluted runoff into nearby streams or reuse it for irrigation as needed, and should be monitored to efficiently protect river water quality. The objective of this study is to provide optimal management strategies for agricultural pumping and drainage facilities as well as drainage facilities operated along the lower Nakdong River by assessing their water quality profiles as well as pollution loads. A short-term monitoring campaign extending over three months was conducted in the period from September 2018 to November 2018 to measure water quality and flow rate in a total of 68 facilities and the pollution loads in the river mainstream were compared with those estimated from both monitoring and modeling results. Results showed that 8 facilities out of 68 ones needed intensive management plans according to the criteria of TP above 0.03 mg/L and TN above 10 mg/L and there was no significant difference in water quality among inlet, outlet, and storage stations, including all stations, for individual facilities. However, the pollution loads estimated from agricultural pumping and drainage facilities as well as drainage facilities were significantly lower thant those in the mainstream, which was mainly attributed to the limited monitoring survey and modeling results. We expect that reinforced survey of pollutant source information on the upstream watershed and advanced input data to the model enable not only a more precise estimation of pollutant loads, but also good management practices of existing and future agricultural pumping and drainage facilities as well as drainage facilities.

농산물 유통 시설 입지가 인근 아파트 가격에 미치는 영향: 청주 도매시장과 대형마트를 중심으로

권지수 ( Ji-soo Kwon ),유도일 ( Do-il Yoo ) 한국농업경제학회 2020 農業經濟硏究 Vol.61 No.4

This study aims to compare the effect of agricultural wholesale market and supermarket location on the price of nearby apartments and to ascertain whether the agricultural wholesale market has the characteristics of an undesirable facility deteriorating the real assets value. If the agricultural wholesale market depreciates the value of real assets, it could hinder its role as a socially essential facility. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to consider how to adjust the imbalance between benefits and harmful effects. In this study, the hedonic price model is set up as a basic model, and spatial econometrics models are used to consider spatial dependence. Empirical data is composed of apartment prices, apartment characteristics, and location characteristics. The results show that apartment prices are positively affected by area, brand awareness, the number of parking spaces, households, distance to agricultural wholesale market, and adjacency of middle school. In contrast, apartment prices are negatively affected by elapsed years, distance to supermarket, and adjacency of shopping mall and theaters. Especially, location effects of the agricultural wholesale market are shown to be different from those of the supermarket. The apartment prices are lower for the apartments adjacent to the agricultural wholesale market, but higher for the adjacent to the supermarket. It seems that negative location effect of the agricultural wholesale market dominates its positive effects. The implications of this study are as follows: first, the spatial econometrics models with spatial dependence provide more robust estimation results than the hedonic price model. Second, estimated parameters concerning the location of agri-marketing facilities empirically show the local residents' negative perceptions about agri-marketing facilities. Third, this study is expected to be a reference for selecting the location of the agricultural wholesale market.

가뭄사상 및 농업수리시설물이 쌀 생산량에 미치는 영향에 대한 상관 분석

우승범 ( Woo¸ Seung-beom ),남원호 ( Nam¸ Won-ho ),전민기 ( Jeon¸ Min-gi ),윤동현 ( Yoon¸ Dong-hyun ),김태곤 ( Kim¸ Taegon ),성재훈 ( Sung¸ Jae-hoon ),김한중 ( Kim¸ Han-joong ) 한국농공학회 2021 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.63 No.5

Drought is a disaster that causes prolonged and wide scale damage. Recently, the severity and frequency of drought occurrences, and drought damage have been increased significantly due to climate change. As a result, a quantitative study of drought factors is needed to better understand and prevent future droughts. In the case of agricultural drought, several existing studies examine the economic damage caused by droughts and their causes, but these studies are not well suited to estimating crop-oriented agricultural drought damage and the factors that absolutely affect agricultural drought. This study determines which factors most affect agricultural drought. It examines meteorological factors and those related to agricultural water supplied by irrigation facilities. Rice paddy production per unit area is lower than the average from the last two years where agricultural drought occurred. We compare the relative frequency of agricultural drought impacts with irrigation facilities, effective reservoir storage, the number of water supply facilities, and the meteorological drought index such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). To identify factors that affect agricultural drought, we correlate rice paddy production anomalies with irrigation water supply for the past two years. There was a high positive correlation between rice paddy production and irrigation water usage, and there was a low or moderate negative correlation between rice paddy production anomalies compared to the average of the past two years and SPI. As a result, agricultural water supply by irrigation facilities was judged to be more influential than meteorological factors in rice paddy production. This study is expected to help local governments establish policies related to agricultural drought response.

농업인의 안전활동을 위한 ICT 기반의 농업시설 안전관리 시스템에 관한 연구

김인수(Insoo Kim),김경란(Kyungran Kim),김효철(Hyo-Cher Kim),서민태(Min-Tae Seo),김경수(Kyungsu Kim),고명선(Myungsun Ko) 대한인간공학회 2018 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.37 No.4

Objective: This study proposed a system for safe management of agricultural facilities whereby safety accidents of farmers are prevented from harmful factors of agricultural facilities and relevant hazardous situations, and efficient reaction is made possible when an accident occurs. Background: Recent development of information and communication technology (ICT) brought groundbreaking development of cutting-edge technologies such as the internet of things (IoT) and ubiquitous sensor network, and application of such technologies is expanding to the area of industrial safety. In particular, accidents from the hazardous environment surrounding agricultural facilities, say, from harmful gases, are frequently taking place and therefore development of services for safe farming work is required. Method: This study examined the types of safety accidents related to agricultural facilities occurring during farming work and designed a ICT-based system for safe management of accidents. Results: This study presents a model of such system and the model has the following functions: detection of harmful environment and conditions dangerous to farmers with sensor technologies; communication network technology for prevention of and fast coping with accidents; and user interface aimed at monitoring harmful environment and dangerous situations. Conclusion: The ICT-based system for safe management of agricultural facilities proposed in this study is expected to be applied as an application technology for safe agricultural activities. Application: The outcome of this study will be useful to develop a convergent ICTbased system for the prevention of safety accidents related to agricultural facilities.

마늘 및 양파 주산지 농업생산기반시설의 취약성 분석 - 전라도, 경상도를 중심으로 -

정현우,백신원,김한중,Jung, hyunwoo,Paik, sinwon,Kim, hanjoong 한국농촌계획학회 2017 농촌계획 Vol.23 No.4

In recent years, the proportion of arable land in the nation has grown from 36.2 percent in 1990 to 43.7 percent in 2013. The study first performed the vulnerability assessment of agricultural production, transportation, processing facilities, agricultural machinery leasing facilities, and water supply facilities. It was developed for the evaluation of the vulnerability of each gun of garlic and onions based on the distance from the three groups of arable bodies to the facility and the processing capacity of facilities. In view of these regional imbalances, the store, distribution and processing facilities in the main stream were found in Haenam, South Jeolla-do, and the relatively low regions of the gun were located in Goheung-gun and Hampyeong-gun. Among other regions, agricultural machinery rental facilities were high in Changnyeong-gun, Haenam, and two regions, while the water supply facilities were high in the southern area of Haenam and South Jeolla-do. The Gyeongsang-do showed relatively high levels of comparison vulnerability index compared to Jeolla-do regions. In particular, through the management plan to improve the facilities needed to improve agricultural production infrastructure, it is necessary to increase the competitiveness of agricultural productuivity through the planning of the need for additional support through the rural readjustment project.

농촌시설물에 대한 현황 및 문제점 파악에 관한 연구

최오영,신한우,김태희,김광희 한국건축시공학회 2008 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.8 No.6

In today, there has been an increase in the construction of agricultural facilities due to the development in agricultural technology. Agricultural facilities are becoming bigger and higher to plant various agriculture. This study analyzes the construction and maintenance problems in agricultural facilities. The results of this survey on the status of agricultural facilities are presented. Firstly, the construction cost is most important factor in agricultural facilities. Secondly, Materials durability is important factor in selecting the facilities. Third, safety in facilities is also important factor. The results of this research are greenhouse is lack of the law of contract and the performance and need for the construction process supervision.

중증장애인 농업생산품 생산시설에 관한 연구

제의숙,이상미,이부영 한국장애인고용공단 고용개발원 2015 장애와 고용 Vol.25 No.2

Agricultural activity or plant cultivation has been recognized as its horticultural therapy effect on self-reliance training in daily living, social enhancement and career adaptive enhancement of disabled people; however the vocational rehabilitation effect has been ignored. In order to seek the developmental paradigm for disability agricultural vocational rehabilitation, the status of the severely disabled agricultural production facilities was surveyed. Among 393 severely disabled rehabilitation facilities designated by Ministry of Health and Welfare (based on September, 2014), 15 facilities were designated as agricultural production facilities. Major severe disability agricultural production facility type was vocational rehabilitation facility (73.3%), managed by social welfare corporation (86.7 percent), respectively. Gyeonggi do has highest number (4 facilities) and Jeju Island has highest rate (37.5%) of agricultural facility. Major disabled workers were the mentally retarded, disability grade 2, and age of 20s, respectively. Major agricultural products were rapid productive sprout vegetables and annual herbal flower. Severe disability agricultural production facilities were suffered from major difficulties such as public relations and marketing, lack of dealer, and they need marketing plans, governmental support, product promotion and expertise for further development. 식물을 가꾸고 기르는 농업활동은 장애인의 일상생활 자립훈련, 사회성 향상, 직업 적응력 향상 등에 효과적인 치료프로그램으로 보고되고 있으나, 직업재활시설 부분에 대해서는 간과되고 있다. 농업분야 장애인 직업재활의 발전방향을 제시하고자 농업과 관련된 중증장애인 생산품지정시설에 대한 현황을 설문조사 하였다. 보건복지부에서 지정한 중증장애인생산품 생산시설 393개소(2014년 9월 기준) 가운데 15개소가 농업관련 생산품목을 지정 받았다. 중증장애인 농업 생산품 시설의 신고유형은 보호작업 시설이 많았고(73.3%), 운영주체는 사회복지법인(86.7%)이, 생산품시설은 경기도(4개소)에 많았으나, 비율은 제주도(37.5%)에 많았다. 근로장애인은 지적장애, 장애등급은 2등급, 20대의 연령대가 각각 많았으며 농업생산품은 재배기간이 짧은 새싹채소 재배와 일년생 초화류가 많았다. 중증장애인 농업 생산품시설에서 느끼는 어려운 점은 홍보 및 마케팅, 판매처 부족이었으며 발전을 위해서는 마케팅방안, 정부지원, 상품홍보와 전문인력 지원이 필요하다고 하였다.

농촌시설물 P-C-M 지원 시스템의 기본설계

김미경,신한우,김태희,김광희 한국건축시공학회 2009 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.9 No.6

This study is the basic design of a P-C-M support system for Agricultural Facilities. By utilizing this system, many users of Agricultural Facilities can easily obtain a large amount of information, ranging from procurement to maintenance. The procurement phase suppliesthe user with agricultural facilities information, economical analysis, and corporation information for procurement decisions. Furthermore, this phase shows the shape or format of the agricultural facilities, the main materials, as well as information on the cultivated crops. The construction phase shows information about agricultural facility-related laws, as well as standard drawings or a construction guide. The maintenance phase shows a guide of maintenance-related checklists. With the results of a basic design of a P-C-M Support System for Agricultural Facilities, the P-C-M support system menu tree is established. 본 연구는 농촌시설물 P-C-M 지원 시스템의 기본 설계를 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 농촌시설물 P-C-M 지원 시스템은 농촌시설물 정보를 사용자가 쉽게 얻을 수 있도록 도와준다. 조달(Procurement) 단계에서는 농촌시설물의 정보, 경제성 분석, 구매선정을 위한 업체정보의 프로세스를 거치면서 쉽게 정보를 얻을 수 있는 기본 설계를 하였으며, 시공(Construction) 단계 에서는 농촌시설물 건설에 관련된 정보를 얻을 수 있는 기본 설계를 하였다. 유지관리(Maintenance) 단계에서는 농촌시설물의 유지관리를 위한 유지관리 가이드 및 점검 체크리스트를 제공하는 기본 설계를 하였다. 기타 메뉴로는 사용자 의견 공유 게시판 을 통해 질의 및 응답을 할 수 있도록 시스템을 설계하였다. 본 연구에서 기본 설계된 P-C-M 지원 시스템은 농촌시설물의 사용자와 업체 간의 원활한 의사소통과 쉬운 정보 획득으로 사용자에게 많은 편의를 가져다 줄 것으로 기대된다.

농업생산기반시설 경관형성에 관련된 제도, 심의 및 정책 여건에 관한 연구

김영태,조동범 한국농촌계획학회 2019 농촌계획 Vol.25 No.3

Agricultural production facilities that have been established to support improving food production, farm income, and reduction of farming time have remarkable achievements as value-neutral devices or infrastructures, but recently they are pointed out as a factor that hinders landscape by changing the contextual values of rural area. Despite this timelessness, research on the landscape design of agricultural production facilities has not been conducted until now. Based on these research necessities, this study aims to improve the process of reviewing the landscape of agricultural production facilities by analyzing the impact of activities, policies, plans. The results of this study are as follows. First, the analysis of the literature and the related data were carried out. This presents the structural limitations of why landscape review is difficult in the process of reviewing plans and the limitations of current landscape laws, deliberations, and plans. The process of reviewing the plan has formed a functionally oriented closed network, and the government policy does not properly control the landscape design of agricultural production facilities. From the viewpoint of the study, results can be used as basic data for the study of the lack of agricultural production facilities and landscape.