노인의 우울과 사회적 지지가 자살생각에 미치는 영향 : 생태체계적 관점 중심으로

조추용(Chu Yong Cho) 한국케어매니지먼트학회 2013 한국케어매니지먼트연구 Vol.8 No.-

우리나라 노인의 자살률은 2010년 현재 4,378명으로 20년간 약 13.9배 증가하였다. 노인자살의 가장 중요한 요인은 노인의 우울이다. 본 연구는 이에 대해 생태체계적 관점에서 미시적 체계로서 우울과 지역사회 체계로서 사회적 지지가 노인의 자살생각에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지 살펴보고, 이를 토대로 사회적 지지체계 조성을 위한 노인복지실천 및 정책적 함의를 제시하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 이를 위하여 충북지역의 노인복지관을 이용하는 노인 400명을 대상으로 실증 조사하였다. 분석은 빈도분석, 기술통계분석, 분산분석(ANOVA)과 t-test, 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석(위계적 회귀분석)을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 우병률이 비교적 낮았고, 독거노인 · 저학력 · 저소득 · 만성질환자의 우울감이 더 높았다. 따라서 자살생각에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 우울 노인에 대한 대책이 필요하고, 자살생각을 가진 위험노인을 위한 대책이 필요하고, 노인의 사회참여 대책이 촉구되는 노인복지실천 및 정책적 함의를 제시한다. The suicide rate among the elderly in 2010 reached 4,378, which increased by 13.9 times over 20 years. The most important factor leading to suicide is depression. This study examines how the individual system or the social system influences suicide ideation among the elderly from an ecological perspective. Based on this, this study holds purpose in suggesting practical and political alternatives to solving this problem. According to the study results, suicide ideation occurs more frequently in depressive elderly living alone, elderly under bad economic conditions, elderly who are unhealthy and elderly with chronic diseases. From a social system perspective, low economic support, unstable housing and chronically sick elderly with little support showed to ideate suicide more. Demographic characteristics showed that younger aged, elderly who have received elementary, middle and high school education, and elderly under economic strain ideate suicide more often. Practical and political alternatives for elderly welfare are suggested below. First, the biggest factor contributing to suicide ideation among elderly is depression. Individual, practical, and social policies are needed to aid depressive elderly. Second, elderly who are in the dangerous category for suicide ideation should be provided telephone or internet counseling or visited offline. Third, although there has been a quantitative increase in elderly welfare, more policies are needed to create and include the elderly who have been isolated from existing policies.

주생활단원의 노인주거 내용에 대한 교사의 중요도 인식- 중학교 3학년 기술․가정 교과서를 중심으로 -

전경숙 한국가정과교육학회 2009 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.21 No.3

The purpose of this research was to provide the information needed for improving the elderly housing education and the elderly housing contents of Technology and Home Economics textbook. Thus, the elderly housing contents of current Technology and Home Economics textbook were categorized. Then, a total of 233 teachers were surveyed to examine their importance perception on the elderly housing contents. Elderly housing contents were grouped into 5 categories, each of which was named 'safety and safety management', 'room plan for the elderly', 'shrinking stage in family life cycle and dependency stage in housing life cycle', 'a house for 3-generation extended family', and 'universal design'. Teachers' importance perception was generally high for 'safety and safety management' and especially for 'safety and safety management' of bathroom(protection against slippery floor, safety bar, the appropriate position and height of shower, bathtub, and wash stand); the basic guidelines of 'room plan for the elderly'(emergency call, closely located bathroom, flat and non-slippery floor); the general guidelines during 'shrinking stage in family life cycle and dependency stage in housing life cycle'(protection equipments against safety accident, emergency call, flat and non-slippery floor); independent life among 3-generation extended family members(bathroom for the elderly, space plan for independent life among extended family members); the basic design guidelines of universal design(safety bar in bathroom, flat floor) and the guidelines of universal design which were especially helpful for wheelchair users(enough empty space in front of door and in corridor, wide door and corridor). Recommendations for the elderly housing education and the elderly housing contents of Technology and Home Economics textbook were that 'emergency call', 'safety bar in bathroom' and 'flat and non-slippery floor' were the most basic guidelines for elderly housing; that 'enough empty space in front of door and in corridor', 'wide door and corridor', 'low and wide steps', 'ramp for wheelchair users' and 'D-type or lever-type door handle' were most recommendable guidelines for universal design; that 'need for elderly housing', 'types of elderly housing', 'alternatives and choices of dependency stage in housing life cycle' and 'house plans for shrinking stage in family life cycle' were required guidelines for increasing elderly-only family. 본 연구의 목적은 현행 교과서의 노인주거 내용에 대한 교사의 중요도 인식을 조사하여 노인주거 교육내용 구성과 교수학습 과정에 참고할 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공하는 것으로 이를 위해 7차 교육과정 기술․가정 교과서 10종의 주생활단원 노인주거 내용을 5개 내용요소의 67개 항목으로 분석하였으며, 기술․가정 교사 233명을 대상으로 중요도 인식을 조사하였다. ‘안전성과 안전관리’의 11개 항목 중 욕실과 화장실의 안전에 관한 항목이 가장 비중이 높았으며 욕실ㆍ화장실의 안전에 관한 항목(욕실ㆍ화장실 바닥 미끄럼 방지 처리, 욕실ㆍ화장실 안전 손잡이, ‘샤워기ㆍ욕조ㆍ세면대의 위치와 높이 조정)에 대한 교사의 중요도 인식도 높았다. ‘노인실 계획’의 7개 항목에서는 보편적으로 적용할 수 있는 기본적 지침(긴급 통보 장치, 화장실을 가깝게 배치, 턱이 없고 높이가 같은 바닥)에 대한 교사의 중요도 인식이 높았다. ‘가족축소기 및 주거의존기’의 20개 항목에서는 안전사고 방지를 위한 설비 갖추기와 노후기 주거 상황에 보편적으로 적용 가능한 항목(긴급 통보 장치, 턱이 없고 높이가 같은 바닥, 미끄럽지 않은 바닥)에 대한 중요도 인식이 높았다. ‘3세대 동거 주택’의 11개 항목에서는 안전에 관한 원칙적 내용이나 세대 간의 독립성 확보에 관한 항목(노인을 위한 주거 안전 고려, 독립성을 보장하는 세대 간의 공간 배치, 노인 전용의 욕실ㆍ화장실 두기)에 대한 중요도 인식이 높았다. ‘유니버설 디자인’의 25개 항목에서는 욕실ㆍ화장실의 안전한 사용이나 이동의 편리성을 보장하는 항목(욕실ㆍ화장실의 안전 손잡이, 턱이 없고 높이가 같은 바닥, 휠체어가 회전할 수 있는 문이나 통로, 휠체어가 통과할 수 있는 문이나 통로)에 대한 중요도 인식이 높았다. 본 연구의 결과에 따라 노인주거 교육내용 구성과 교수학습에 대해 제언할 점은 첫째, 여러 내용요소에 공통으로 포함되며 교사의 중요도 인식이 높은 4개 항목(긴급 통보 장치, 욕실ㆍ화장실 안전 손잡이, 턱이 없고 높이가 같은 바닥, 미끄럽지 않은 바닥)을 보편적인 노인주거 교육내용으로 활용할 수 있으며, 둘째, ‘안전성과 안전관리’의 중점은 욕실ㆍ화장실의 안전이 되어야 하며, 셋째, ‘노인실 계획’의 중점은 화장실의 근접 배치와 보편적 디자인 지침이 되어야 하며, 넷째, ‘가족축소기 및 주거의존기’의 중점은 안전사고 방지 설비와 보편적 디자인 지침 및 고령화 대비와 연계되는 내용이 되어야 하며, 다섯째, ‘3세대 동거 주택’의 중점은 노인 주거 안전과 세대 간의 독립성 확보에 관한 내용이 되어야 하며, 여섯째, ‘유니버설 디자인’의 중점은 보편적 디자인 지침과 이동의 편리성을 보장하는 것으로 관련법과도 일치하는 내용이 되어야 하는 것이다.

Prevalence and Predictors of Geriatric Depression in Community-Dwelling Elderly

김증임,최명애,채영란 한국간호과학회 2009 Asian Nursing Research Vol.3 No.3

Purpose This study aimed to examine the relationship between depressive mood and physical and socio-environmental variables of community-dwelling elderly. Methods This study was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The setting was two elderly welfare centers and two public health centers in Korea. The subjects were recruited by public announcement and participated after giving their written informed consent. A total of 295 participants were included in the final analysis. The Korean version of the short form of Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) of activities of daily living (ADL) and a socio-demographic questionnaire were administered to participants. Hand-grip strength was measured with a hand dynamometer. Results The prevalence of depression among the subjects was 63%. Of the elderly, 21% had severe depressive symptoms. The mean depression score was 6.21 (SD= 3.83) and it was higher in women than in men. In the regression analysis, perceived health status alone had an accountability of 17.3% to depression. When TMIG-IC was added, this increased to 22.6%. Additionally, when hand-grip strength and social activities were input, it increased to 25.2%. Therefore, perceived health status was a significant and powerful factor explaining depression among the Korean elderly. Conclusion In this research, perceived health status was the most powerful predictor of elderly depression. TMIG-IC, hand-grip strength and social activities also predicted Korean elderly depression. These factors should be considered when the program is developed for elderly people with depression. Purpose This study aimed to examine the relationship between depressive mood and physical and socio-environmental variables of community-dwelling elderly. Methods This study was designed as a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The setting was two elderly welfare centers and two public health centers in Korea. The subjects were recruited by public announcement and participated after giving their written informed consent. A total of 295 participants were included in the final analysis. The Korean version of the short form of Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-K), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC) of activities of daily living (ADL) and a socio-demographic questionnaire were administered to participants. Hand-grip strength was measured with a hand dynamometer. Results The prevalence of depression among the subjects was 63%. Of the elderly, 21% had severe depressive symptoms. The mean depression score was 6.21 (SD= 3.83) and it was higher in women than in men. In the regression analysis, perceived health status alone had an accountability of 17.3% to depression. When TMIG-IC was added, this increased to 22.6%. Additionally, when hand-grip strength and social activities were input, it increased to 25.2%. Therefore, perceived health status was a significant and powerful factor explaining depression among the Korean elderly. Conclusion In this research, perceived health status was the most powerful predictor of elderly depression. TMIG-IC, hand-grip strength and social activities also predicted Korean elderly depression. These factors should be considered when the program is developed for elderly people with depression.

100세 시대, 활동적 노화를 위한 노인체육의 역할과 기대

권구명(Goo-Myeung Kwon) 한국발육발달학회 2020 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.28 No.3

The purpose of this study is to propose the roles and expectations of the elderly physical education for active aging. This study examines the problem of the elderly that has emerged as an issue of our society from a multifaceted viewpoint, and the role and expectation of the elderly physical education to strengthen the consciousness and participation of the elderly for the active aging of the elderly. It emphasized that the diverse health problems of the elderly can be monetary easing of physical activity for active aging defined as health, participation, and safety. Furthermore, the deterioration of motor function due to aging led to social maladjustment and lack of social participation of the elderly. Finally, loss of role from isolation, alienation and income reduction can meet social needs through participation in physical activity. Especially, it is necessary to educate the elderly in various ways in order to enable the safe life of the elderly. The need for the development and dissemination of physical education programs for the elderly, changes in the social perception of the elderly, the space and policy for the elderly to participate actively in physical education, and the elderly physical education instructor It is a demand for upbringing.

아산시 노인의 알코올 사용의 특성에 관한 비교 연구

정찬승(Chan-Seung Chung),이주현(Ju Hyun Lee),연병길(Byeong Kil Yeon) 류성곤(Seong Gon Ryu),한창환(Chang Hwan Han),정갑희(Gab Hee Chung) 한국중독정신의학회 2005 중독정신의학 Vol.9 No.1

Objective:Elderly people are vulnerable to the adverse effects of alcohol. However, there have been few studies of drinking among the elderly despite the proportionally growing representation of the elderly in the Korean population. This study aims to compare the characteristics of alcohol use and the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in the elderly with those in younger groups using screening tests. Method:We sampled 226 in young aged group (25-34 years of age), 127 in middle aged group (45-54 years of age) and 87 in elderly group (over 65 years of age) living in the Asan city. We applied the questionnaire asking alcohol use, AUDIT-K (Korean version of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) and CAGE. The numbers who have drunken alcohol last year were 175 in young aged group, 95 in middle aged group and 40 in elderly group. We compared their drinking patterns and the results of AUDIT-K and CAGE among three groups. Results:1. The elderly group had tendency to drink smaller amount of alcohol and less frequently than other two groups. 2. The elderly group preferred drinking alcohol alone or with neighbors compared to other two groups. 3. The total score of AUDIT-K of the elderly group (7.05) was lower than young and middle aged groups (9.31 and 9.63, respectively). 4. The prevalence of alcohol use disorder assessed by AUDIT-K was higher than other two groups. 5. The total score of CAGE of the elderly (0.73) was significantly lower than young and middle aged groups (0.76and 1.25, respectively). 6. The prevalence of drinker with probable alcohol dependence evaluated by CAGE of the elderly was higher than middle aged group and lower than young aged group. Conclusion: The fact that the elderly group preferred drinking alcohol alone or with neighbors compared to other two groups shows us where we have to concentrate for the prevention of alcohol problem. The differences of the prevalence of alcohol use disorder between AUDIT-K and CAGE suggest further study about standardization of scales for the alcohol problem in the elderly.

여성의 노부모 보살핌 경험에 관한 연구

이동옥 부산대학교 여성연구소 2011 여성학연구 Vol.21 No.1

This paper starts from the question, how the women who offered care labor for their aged parents interpret and give meaning to their experiences. The elderly care in Korean family has been regarded as the gender role embedded in the cultural context of the Confucian filial duty and thus the government has ignored the issue in the public sphere. But the recent increase of the aged people and working women and the visualization of elder abuse stimulated the necessity of the institutionalization of elderly care. Nevertheless, the family and especially women are not free from the responsibility for the elders. This research inquires into the women’s experiences through the in-depth interviews with the women who cared for elderly parents as daughters or as daughters-in-law. The interviewees were 10 people living in Seoul. Each participant had two or three interviews, for one or two hours per each interview. Their ages are various from the forties to the seventies. The reason why there was no age restriction on interviewees was because this research was interested in any possible change resulting from age difference in the care of elderly parents. According to the result of the research, daughters-in-law's responsibility for parents-in-law in the paternal family tends to have lessened relatively compared with the past. Nevertheless,they still feel that they are responsible for the care of the parents-in-law. Meanwhile, the research shows that the daughters who live with their elderly parents or have intimate relationship with them care for them from their own hearts. Nonetheless, the care for elderly parents was physically, mentally, and emotionally hard work. Women quit the job and experienced the cutting of the career because of the care for elderly parents. Even though women played the multiple roles such as housewives and mothers, their husbands did not support them. Since the elderly care is regarded as the troublesome, odd jobs, and the gendered role, women’s self-esteem was depreciated. Meanwhile, women understood the fact that aging and dying is the course of life through their care for their parents and accepted their time with elderly parents as the precious opportunity to feel empathy with them. The value of elderly care has been ignored in the feminist discourses. But the revaluation of elderly care services will be helpful as women's issue. Despite the institutionalization of elderly care, women's care for elderly parents does not decrease due to distrust of institution and the prejudice that the care of elderly parents are women's job. The idea that the care for elderly parents within family boundary is filial duty fixes women's role and hampers the institutionalization of elderly care. In order not to alienate Women's care for elderly parents, society should encourage men's participation and their emotional and physical support for elderly care. The institutionalization of elderly care in the public sphere should also reduce the economic burden and support the reliable elderly care. 본 논문은 여성들이 가족 내에서 노부모를 보살핀 경험을 어떻게 해석하고 의미를 부여하는가에서 출발한다. 한국에서 노인보살핌은 유교 효문화의 맥락에서 가족 내의 여성의 역할로서 인식되어 왔고 국가는 방임적인 자세를 취해 왔다. 현재 노인인구의 증가와 취업여성의 증가, 노인학대의 가시화 등으로 인해 노인보살핌의 제도화가 진행되고 있지만 가족, 특히 여성들은 노부모를 책임져야 한다는 의식에서 자유롭지 못하다. 이 연구는 며느리와 딸의 위치에서 노부모를 보살핀 여성들에게 심층면접을 실시함으로써 여성들의 경험을 살펴보았다. 심층면접은 현재 서울에 거주하는 10명의 연구참여자에게 2-3차에 걸쳐, 1회에 1-2시간씩 실시되었다. 연구참여자들의 연령은 40대-70대까지 다양하다. 연령을 제한하지 않은 이유는 연령간의 차이를 통해 노인보살핌의 책임에 대한 시대적 변화를 살펴보기 위한 것이다. 연구결과, 부계가족 내에서 시부모에 대한 며느리의 책임은 과거보다 줄어든 경향이 있지만, 여전히 며느리들은 의무감을 갖고 있었다. 반면에 친정과의 친밀한 관계를 유지하거나 부모와 함께 사는 딸들은, 부모에 대한 연민과 사랑으로 적극적으로 보살핌을 하고 있었다. 하지만 노인보살핌은 정서적, 신체적, 정신적으로 힘든 노동이었다. 여성들은 노부모를 보살피기 위해 직장을 그만두거나 경력 단절을 경험한다. 여성들은 가족 내에서 아내, 어머니 등의 다중적인 역할에도 불구하고 남편의 도움을 받지 못했다. 이와 같이, 노인보살핌은 여성의 역할로 인식되고 있었기 때문에 여성들은 자존감이 저하되었다. 반면에, 여성들은 노부모 보살핌을 통해서 나이듦과 죽음을 삶의 과정으로 수용하고, 아픈 노부모와 교감하면서 시간을 함께 보낼 수 있다고 해석한다. 노인보살핌의 가치는 여성주의의 논의에서 간과되어 왔지만, 가치의 재평가는 여성문제로서 노인보살핌을 해결하는 데에 도움이 된다. 노인보살핌의 제도화에도 불구하고, 시설과 유급노동자에 대한 불신과 노부모를 직접 보살피는 것이 효도라는 통념은 여성들의 부담을 경감시키지 못하고 있다. 가족의 틀 안에서만 노부모를 보살피는 것이 최선이라는 사고는 제도적 지원의 의미를 변형시키고 여성들의 역할을 고정시킨다. 노부모 보살핌이 여성들의소외된 노동이 되지 않기 위해서는 가족과 사회의 차원에서 정서적 지원과 남성들의 참여를 권장하는 한편, 제도적 차원에서 경제적 부담을 경감시키고 신뢰할만한 대체인력을 지원해야 한다.

A Study on the Expansion of the Employment of the Elderly in Small Business: Focusing on the Opinions of Small Business Owners

Beong-Sun YOO 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business( Vol.11 No.5

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present a plan to expand the employment of the elderly in Small business as one of the ways to solve the problem of the supply and demand of the company due to the aging population and the problem of the elderly poverty. Research design, data and methodology: The method of this study is a qualitative research method, and the researcher visited a small and medium-sized company directly and collected data by conducting an in-depth interview with a business owner. The interview period was conducted on a total of 15 business owners from November 5, 2013 to November 18, 2013. Results: First, the reason why companies hire the elderly is because they are suitable people, and the reason why they are not employed is because the elderly are not suitable. Second, it was found that the most recruiting paths continued to work after retirement. Third, the strengths of the elderly in their businesses were diligence, integrity, leadership, wisdom, warmth, and skill. Disadvantages the elderly in their businesses include wanting to be treated as an adult, poor productivity, poor accuracy, and health risks. Fourth, in case of hiring the elderly, they were considering convergence with young employees, and it was suggested that there are no difficulties in being an elderly because the companies hiring the elderly use the elderly according to the characteristics of the elderly. Fifth, It is realistic to actively utilize the employment system after retirement. Sixth, it was found that, unlike young people, it is not easy to recruit people on the Internet, so it is necessary to improve the system. Lastly, some industries clearly distinguished between the jobs of the elderly and the jobs of the young, but in many industries, it was desirable to create jobs for the elderly by harmonizing the main and secondary jobs. Conclusion: Ultimately, the work of the elderly in small and mediumsized enterprises should be reborn as a high-quality job that can solve the poverty of the elderly by working as a regular worker in the enterprise, rather than simply working for the elderly.

노인의 성생활 실태와 다면적 요인 분석

이상붕 한국노인복지학회 2019 노인복지연구 Vol.74 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the sex life of the elderly and analyze the multifaceted factors affecting the sexual life of the elderly. This study used KSHAP(Korean Social Life, Health and Aging Project) data, and the subjects were aged 65 and over living in A District in Gyeonggi Province and District B in Seoul. Research methods are descriptive statistics, t-test, and tobit regression analysis. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, the proportion of the elderly people to maintain their sex life is 20.1%, 17.0%, and 22.3% for the all elderly, urban elderly, and rural elderly, respectively. Second, sex, age, education level, marital status, and economic activity are factors that affect the frequency of sex life of the elderly. Among them, the influence of spouse and gender was relatively large. Third, sex, age, and marital status have a common effect on the frequency of sex living in urban and rural elderly people. The effects of socio-demographic variables and individual variables on the frequency of sex life were similar between urban and rural elderly people. Finally, the characteristics of the elderly group should be reflected in the design and application of sex-related programs for the elderly. 본 연구의 목적은 노인의 성생활 실태를 살펴보고, 노인의 성생활에 영향을 주는 다면적인 요인을 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구는 「한국인의 사회적 삶, 건강과 노화에 대한 조사(Korean Social Life, Health and Aging Project)」 자료를 사용하였고, 연구대상자는 경기도 A군와 서울시 B구에 거주하는 65세 이상 노인이다. 연구방법은 기술통계분석, t검증, 토빗 분석(Tobit regression analysis)이다. 연구의 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 노인의 성생활 유지는 전체 노인, 도시 노인, 농촌 노인이 각각 20.1%, 17.0%, 22.3%이다. 둘째, 노인의 성생활 빈도에 영향을 주는 요인은 성별, 연령, 교육수준, 배우자 유무, 경제 활동 유무이다. 이 중에서 배우자 유무와 성별의 영향력이 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 개별 변수에서는 삶의 만족도와 주관적 경제 수준이 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 도시와 농촌 노인의 성생활 빈도에 공통으로 영향을 주는 요인은 성별, 연령, 배우자 유무이다. 성생활 빈도에 영향을 주는 사회인구적 변수와 개별 변수의 영향은 도시과 농촌 노인 사이에 유사하다는 것을 확인하였다. 결국, 노인을 대상으로 하는 성관련 프로그램 설계 및 적용에 있어 개별 노인집단의 특성이 반영되어야 할 것이다.

Ethnic Differences in the Adjustment to Poverty and Disability among Unmarried Elderly Americans : An Analysis of Multi-State Transitions in Living Arrangements from 1984 - 1990

Keong-Suk Park(박경숙),Frances K. Goldscheider(프랜시스 골드샤이더),Roger Avery(로저 애버리) 한국인구학회 1999 한국인구학 Vol.22 No.1

미국사회에서 노인의 거주지 적응양식은 인종간에 차이가 크다. 일반적으로 소수인종노인은 백인노인에 비하여 자녀와 함께 사는 경향이 강하다. 이에 대하여 문화적 입장에서는 소수 인종은 백인에 비하여 가족부양규범이 강하다고 주장한다. 다른 한편 경제적 입장에서는 소수 인종은 그들의 생애를 지배하는 빈곤때문에 규모의 경제를 통하여 가계비용을 줄이기 위하여 확대가족을 유지할 수밖에 없다고 주장한다. 본 연구는 노인이 질병과 빈곤에 적응하는 방식에 있어 인종간 차이를 검토함으로써 기존의 경제학적 논의와 문화적 논의의 적합성을 검정하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 노인의 거주지 적응에 대한 문화적 영향과 관련하여 두가지 가설을 검정하고 있다. 첫째, 소수인종 노인은 백인노인에 비하여 빈곤과 질병상황에서 가족으로부터 더 오랜기간 보호를 받는지를 검토한다. 둘째, 소수인종 노인은 백인노인에 비하여 건강이 악화될 때 더욱 신속하게 가족으로부터 보호를 받을 수 있는지를 검토한다. 분석을 위해서 1984년에서 1990년기간 동안 실시된 “고령화에 대한 종단적 조사(Longitudinal Survey on Aging)”를 이용하여 마르코비안 다중생명표 모형과 사건사분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 소수인종 노인은 가족부양규범의 문화적 이점을 그다지 크게 가지고 있지 않다. 인종간 사망력과 시설업소의 차이를 통제할 때, 소수인종 노인은 백인노인에 비하여 보다 흔하게 자녀동거에서 단독거주형태로 혹은 그 반대방향으로 거주지 변화를 경험하고 있다. 백인노인은 소수인종노인에 비하여 질병상태와 관련하여 자녀와 동거하는 경향이 더 강하다. 사망력과 시설입소의 인종간 차이를 통제할 때 소수인종노인이 백인노인보다 쉽게 자녀 동거에서 단독거주로 이행하는데 이는 소수인종에서 가족부양체계가 불안정함을 의미한다. 또한 빈곤시에 소수인종 노인은 백인노인에 비하여 보다 쉽게 자녀와 떨어져 살게 된다. 이러한 결과는 소수인종 노인에 대한 가족의 지원은 그 가족의 경제적 제약속에서 매우 안정적이지 못함을 시사한다. Race and ethnicity are important factors which influence the elderly's residential adjustment behaviors, although it is unclear whether this reflects influences unrelated to race and ethnicity. Culturally, the norm of family support often observed among various minority ethnic groups is likely to provide flexible family support for the elderly. Economically, the life-long hardship of minority groups is likely to force them to maintain extended family living arrangements simply to reduce expenses via economies of scale. The controversy about the economic need versus the cultural prescription for extended living arrangements remains unresolved because it fails to articulate the meaning of family supports among many disadvantaged groups. This study aims to test previous economic and cultural arguments, by examining ethnic differences in the elderly’s responsiveness to their health and economic problems. Two hypotheses about cultural influences on the elderly’s residential adjustment are examined. First, do elderly minorities receive family supports for longer periods when they are poor in economic and health status? Second, do elderly minorities receive family supports more often when their health status declines? Using the Longitudinal Survey on Aging from 1984 to 1990. this study employs Markovian multi-state life tables, and discrete and continuous competing hazard analyses for the transition in living arrangements. The main results provide substantial evidence against the "cultural resource" thesis. Elderly minorities experience more frequent transitions between living alone and living with relatives than white elderly persons when group differences in the extent of mortality and institutionalization are controlled. The shorter time of living alone among elderly minorities stems from their greater likelihood of joining relatives as well as greater mortality and attrition rates than elderly whites. Coresidence of elderly whites with their relatives is more likely to occur in response to their needs for health care than that of elderly minorities. Poverty also forces elderly minorities to move to live alone more than elderly whites. It implies that instability, not flexibility, characterizes elderly minorities' living arrangements.

가정 노인과 양로원 노인의 신체기능 정도와 건강 증진 행위에 대한 연구

심문숙 최신의학사 2000 最新醫學 Vol.43 No.2