기술혁신지향성과 기술혁신역량이 기술혁신성과에 미치는 영향

문창호 한국기업경영학회 2016 기업경영연구 Vol.23 No.6

A considerable number of previous studies regarding technological innovation have focused on technological innovation capabilities as a major factor affecting a firm’s technological innovation performance. In recent years, the concept of technological innovation orientation, which denotes the firm’s collective direction of thought toward steadily pursing and promoting technological innovation in the long run, has been presented as a crucial mechanism leading the firm to superior technological innovation performance. Technological innovation orientation indicates the degree to which the organizational members share the importance and long-term value of technological innovation and the firm-wide efforts and commitment to implement those technological innovations. As such, technological innovation orientation may be characterized as organizational culture representing the value and belief shared by members. While technological innovation orientation has conceptually and practically important implications for securing the firm‘s superior technological innovation performance and sustainable competitive advantage, so far a limited amount of research has been conducted on its role in improving the firm’s technological innovation performance. Given such limitation in prior research, this study empirically examined the impact of both technological innovation orientation and technological innovation capabilities on the firm’s technological innovation performance. Particularly, based on resource-based view and dynamic capabilities theory, this study regarded technological innovation orientation and technological innovation capabilities as two distinct strategic assets conferring a source of sustainable competitive advantage on the firm, and proposed and empirically investigated a theoretical research frame in which those two strategic assets must be complementarily used for the firm to actualize its technological innovation performance in full. For such a research purpose, this study suggested and empirically examined a research model and hypotheses concerning the impact of technological innovation orientation, technological innovation capabilities and the interaction between those two constructs on the firm’s technological innovation performance. To empirically test the proposed research model and hypotheses, this study conceptualized technological innovation capabilities as consisting of four critical dimensions of R&D, production/operations, marketing, and organization capabilities and analyzed the impact of these respective functional capabilities had on the firm’s technological innovation performance individually and through interaction with technological innovation orientation. Analysis of survey data on 86 Korean IT SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) provided substantial support for the proposed research model and hypotheses. Technological innovation orientation was found to positively influence the firm’s technological innovation performance. With regard to the relationship between technological innovation capabilities and technological innovation performance, R&D and production/operations capabilities had a positive effect on the firm’s technological innovation performance, whereas marketing and organization capabilities did not directly affect the firm’s technological innovation performance. Furthermore, the interaction between technological innovation orientation and R&D, production/operations, organization capabilities, respectively improved the firm’s technological innovation performance, while the interaction between technological innovation orientation and marketing capabilities was not correlated with the firm’s technological innovation performance. Results of this study are expected to promote a deep understanding of the relative roles of technological innovation orientation and technological innovation capabilities in creating the firm’s technological innovation performance and ... 본 연구에서는 자원기반관점(resource-based view)과 동태적역량이론(dynamic capabilities theory)에 기초하여 기술혁신지향성과 기술혁신역량을 기업의 경쟁우위를 창출하는 서로 다른 개념의 두 전략적 자산(strategic asset)으로 파악하고, 기업의 우수한 기술혁신성과 창출을 위해 이 두 자산의 보완적(complementary) 조합이 이루어져야 한다는 이론적 틀을 제시하고 이를 실증 분석하였다. 이러한 관점에 따라 본 연구에서는 기술혁신지향성, 기술혁신역량 그리고 이 두 요인 간의 상호작용이 기업의 기술혁신성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구모델과 가설들을 제안하고 이를 실증 분석하였다. 제안된 연구모델과 가설들을 검증하기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 기술혁신지향성을 기술혁신을 지속적이고 장기적으로 추진하고 도모하려는 기업의 전반적인 사고방향 또는 조직문화로 개념화하였고 또한 R&D역량, 생산운영역량, 마케팅역량 및 조직역량의 4가지 기능역량을 기술혁신역량을 구성하는 가장 주요한 차원으로 파악 분석하였다. 86개의 국내 IT 중소기업을 대상으로 실증 분석한 결과, 기술혁신지향성과 R&D역량 및 생산운영역량이 기술혁신성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기술혁신지향성이 R&D역량, 생산운영역량, 조직역량과 각각 상호작용하여 기술혁신성과를 증대시키는 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문의 연구결과는 기술혁신성과 창출을 위한 기술혁신지향성과 기술혁신역량의 상대적인 역할에 대한 심층적인 이해를 도모하고 기업의 우수한 기술혁신성과와 지속적인 경쟁우위 확보를 위한 이 두 요인의 보완적 조합의 중요성을 제시함으로써 자원기반관점과 동태적역량이론의 이론적, 실증적 기반을 지지하는 중요한 연구 자료가 될 것으로 기대된다.

기술혁신동기가 기술협력방법 및 혁신성과에 미치는 영향

반재인,김성홍 韓國生産管理學會 2012 한국생산관리학회지 Vol.23 No.4

최근 기업경영에서는 기술혁신동기에 따른 기업 간 기술협력방법에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 그러나 그 동안 진행되어 온 기술혁신동기에 대한 대부분 연구들은 특허교환, 조인트벤처, 지분투자 등과 같이 단편적 협력관계에 대한 기술혁신동기를 파악하고자 하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기업의 기술혁신동기와 기술협력방법을 종합적으로 고려한 연구모형을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구를 바탕으로 기술혁신동기를 기술개발, 혁신프로세스 개선 및 개발, 기회탐색으로 구분하고, 기술 협력방법을 내향형, 외향형, 혼합형으로 구분하였다. 그리고 구조방정식모델을 활용하여 기술혁신동기, 기술협력방법, 혁신성과의 인과관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과를 요약하면 첫째, 기업의 기술개발과 기회탐색 혁신동기는 내향형, 외향형, 혼합형 협력방법에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. 둘째, 혁신프로세스 개선 및 개발 혁신동기는 내향형과 혼합형 협력방법에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않고, 외향형 협력방법에는 부(-)의 영향을 미친다. 마지막으로 내향형, 외향형, 혼합형 협력방법은 혁신성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미친다. Corporate is required to effectively use technology collaboration for technological innovation in the current dynamic business environment. The purpose of this study is to empirically examine the impacts of technological innovation motives on technological cooperation methods, innovation performance using data collected from Korea industry that have been an partnership for technological innovation. Based on previous research, we classified technological innovation motive and technological cooperation method. Technological innovation motives are composed of technology development, innovation process improvement and development and opportunities exploration. Technological cooperation methods are composed of outside-in process, inside-out process and coupled process. The results of analysis are as follows. First, technology development and opportunities exploration have positive impacts on technological cooperation methods. Second, innovation process improvement and development has not impact on outside-in and process, but has negative impact on inside-out process. Finally, technological cooperation methods have positive impacts on innovation performance.

중소기업의 기술혁신과 기술경영에 관한 연구

이호 ( Ho Lee ),정규석 ( Gyu-seok Jeong ),김철 ( Cheol Kim ) 산업혁신경영연구원 2023 산업혁신경영연구 Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of this study is to analyze technological innovation capabilities and the key factors of technological management activities that carry out technological innovation based on this, and to lay a theoretical foundation for establishing a virtuous cycle of technological innovation. Technological innovation is the source of corporate competitiveness and one of the most important elements of sustainable corporate management. In particular, for small and medium-sized businesses, technological innovation is an important key tool for improving management performance, strengthening competitiveness, and achieving sustainable growth. Therefore, this study aims to analyze technological innovation capabilities and technological management activities and roles related to the management performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. This is because the power of technological innovation is the basis of technological innovation and an important factor in understanding the relationship between input and process. The implications of this study are as follows. First, technology planning activities through an organization's commercialization plan and clear goal setting are very important factors in promoting R&D performance. Second, the design capabilities of the technological innovation process and technology management play an important role in the commercialization and sales of developed technologies. Third, in order to increase the performance of R&D, it is necessary to expand R&D capabilities by securing not only technology development personnel but also personnel related to technology planning and intellectual property management personnel.

기술혁신이 기업성과에 미치는 영향 연구 : 마케팅혁신, 조직혁신의 매개효과를 중심으로

고행진,김영준 한국기업경영학회 2021 기업경영연구 Vol.28 No.5

‘무엇을 혁신할 것인가?’ 이는 경영자와 학계의 공통의 관심사이다. 본 연구는 한국기업의 최근 3년의 혁신 활동을 보여주는 ‘한국기업혁신조사 2018; 제조업부문’을 활용, 기술혁신이 기업성과에 미치는 영향과 이 관계 에서 마케팅혁신과 조직혁신의 효과를 실증분석 하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 기술혁신은 마케팅혁신, 조직혁신, 기업성과에 각각 정(+)의 영향을 보였다. 둘째, 기술혁신과 기업성과의 관계에서 조직혁신의 유의한 매개효과 와, 셋째, 기술혁신과 기업성과의 관계에서 마케팅혁신과 조직혁신의 이중매개효과를 실증하였다. 이는 기술혁 신이 직접적으로 기업성과에 영향을 주며, 마케팅혁신과 조직혁신에도 영향을 주어 기업성과에 간접적으로도 영향을 미침을 의미한다. 본 연구는 기술혁신과 기업 성과와의 관계에서 마케팅혁신과 조직혁신의 역할과 영향 을 통합적으로 조명한 점에 학문적 차별성이 있으며, 경영자들에게 제품개발과 생산, 판매 및 조직 구조를 통합적으로 고려할 때 기업성과에 기여가 높아진다는 실무적 시사점을 제공한다. Which innovation should a company prioritize, given limited resources? This question emerges as one of the most popular topics to the Top Management Team as well as the scholars of business management across the globe. Given the world-class R&D expenditure for innovations taking place in Korea, this issue calls for the multifaceted approach to the mechanism by which R&D and innovations lead to economic growth and firm performance(Jung, 2020). Recent researches on innovation have evolved from product or process-related innovations to variety types of innovations in organizational innovation, marketing innovation, business model innovation, management innovation, which contribute to the impact of diverse innovations on the firm performance. In line with this research stream, this study aims at providing the foundational data to the management and the academia in regards to the management decisions of which innovations to prioritize and how to strategize the chosen innovations in a rapidly changing business environment by analyzing the impacts of various innovation types on the company performance. Against this background, our study empirically tested the effects of technological innovation on firm performance and analyzed the roles of marketing innovation and organizational innovation in the relation of technologicl innovation and firm performance utilizing ‘Korean Innovation Survey 2018; Manufacturing Sector’. The Korean Innovation Survey 2018, the most recent data, reported various innovation activities of Korean companies from 2015-2017, based on the conceptual definition of innovation types presented in the Oslo Manual (OECD, 2005). The manufacturing data covering +3000 companies was empirically analyzed by conducting hierarchical regressions and Sobel tests. Main findings of our analysis are as follows. First, the technological innovation showed a significantly positive (+) effect on marketing innovation, organizational innovation, and firm performance, respectively. In other words, the higher is the level of technological innovation activities, the stronger becomes the financial performance of the company, which suggests that marketing innovation and organizational innovation are required to maximize the benefits of technological innovation. The analysis also showed the significant impact of technological innovation on marketing innovation and organizational innovation while marketing innovation significantly impacting organizational innovation in a positive(+) manner. This finding contributes to the literature on innovation by empirically investigating large data set with detailed innovation types such as technological innovation (i.e. product innovation and proc-ess innovation), marketing innovation and organizational innovation included in the study model. Second, the significant mediating effect of organizational innovation on the relationship between technological innovation and firm performance was reaffirmed. Process innovation, a component of technological innovation, was found to have an effect on firm performance through complete mediation of organizational innovation, which provides theoretical implications for confirming the central role of organizational innovation in the process of linking technological innovation to firm performance. Third, the double mediating effect of marketing innovation and organizational innovation was demonstrated in the relationship between technological innovation and firm performance. This means that technological innovation directly affects firm performance and indirectly affects firm performance by affecting marketing innovation and organizational innovation. This study has academic differentiation in that it integrates the role and impact of marketing innovation and organizational innovation in the relationship between technological innovation and firm performance. Our finding also offers practical implications for corporate managers that balanced investment in management innovation areas of marketing innovation and organizational innovation is critical, in order to improve firm performance and productivity through technological innovation.

일반 논문 : 중소기업에서 시장지향성과 기술혁신의 관계에 관한 탐색적 연구: 외부 협력의 조절효과를 중심으로

김승진 ( Seung Jin Kim ),이중우 ( Joong Woo Lee ) 한국중소기업학회 2011 中小企業硏究 Vol.33 No.3

오늘날 중소기업에서 기술혁신은 글로벌 경쟁환경에서 중소기업의 경쟁력 강화와 장기적 생존과 성장을 가능케 하며, 지역경제의 지속적 발전을 담보한다. 이런 관점에서 본 논문은 중소기업의 시장지향성(고객지향, 경쟁자지향)이 기술혁신에 미치는 영향과 시장지향성과 기술혁신의 관계에서 외부의 협력관계에 따른 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 실증적 연구결과로 시장지향성은 기술혁신(제품 혁신, 공정혁신)에 정(+)의 영향력을 미치고 있었다. 또한 시장지향성(고객지향과 경쟁자지향)은 공급업체와 협력의 유무에 따라 제품혁신에 정(+)의 조절효과를 보였다. 그러나 기술금융을 사용하는 여부, 대학, 연구기관과 기술협력의 유무, 구매업체와 기술협력의 유무는 시장지향성과 기술혁신 사이에 조절효과를 보여주지 못하였다. 본 논문의 한계점은 기술혁신에 영향을 미치는 외부의 협력관계의 변수들을 측정하는데 범주형 변수들만으로 구성하여, 외부요인을 측정하는데 많은 질적 특성들을 고려하지 못한 단점이 있다. 또한 기술혁신을 공정혁신과 제품혁신으로만 측정하여, 혁신활동의 결과로 측정할 수 있는 혁신건수(innovation count), 특허 등의 다양한 변수들을 반영하지 못하였다. Today`s enterprises place more and more importance on technological innovation to maintain their competitive edges in the midst of global competition and rapid technological advancements. Such a corporate environment makes no exception for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs), which play a central role in the local economy. In that sense, the technological innovation of small SMEs is one of the stepping stones for them to reinforce their competitiveness and maintain their long-term survival and growth in a global competition and secure the ongoing growth of the local economy. Technological innovation can help them improve their competitiveness and profitability by allowing them to introduce new processes and thinking into their various management activities and provide their customers with more competitive products and services through the launch of new products and services. However, the poor internal resources that today`s SMEs have are not enough to even maintain a competitive edge and impose many restrictions on their efforts to promote innovation and thus secure further competitiveness. Thus, there is a need for them to make active use of external technology and knowledge based on their own resources and capabilities in order to promote technological innovation. By reinforcing their external cooperation on technology, SMEs can facilitate learning processes to obtain needed expertise, take opportunities to share resources they do not possess, and actively promote innovation. Thus technological innovation in SMEs should be approached by taking into account various social and cultural factors, since it is not possible through only the capability of one single company. In such a situation, many researches have been done on management environment, entrepreneurship, internal capacity, networks of technology and technological cooperation, interactive effects of the ability to absorb knowledge, and utilization of external resources affecting technological innovation in relation to the influence on the technological innovation of SMEs in the nation. However, there has been a shortage of research that considered both market orientation as a corporate culture to affect the technological innovation of SMEs and external cooperation to help them overcome their limitations with resources and capabilities. Market orientation, which is an active action taken by a company to create a superior value for consumers, can be understood through a corporate culture needed to achieve excellent results or company-wide efforts to gather, spread, and react to market information reflecting the needs of current and prospective consumers. As a part of corporate culture trying to actively embrace consumer needs, market orientation affects the level of technological innovation and furthers the competitive edge and growth of a company. Thus the study presents two research hypotheses: First, there will be close correlations between market orientation and technological innovation sought after by SMEs. While providing customers with greater value added and actively reacting to the acts of their rivals to constantly create competitive edges in the market, SMEs will influence their technological innovation to develop new processes and improve the old ones. In the end, market orientation will drive the technological innovation pursued by a company. Second, market orientation will have greater influences on technological innovation when SMEs secure their needed resources and capabilities through cooperation with outside players to overcome their limitations with resources and capabilities. Thus they can actively react to the market flows and implement technological innovation to meet the market and customer needs by securing the resources they lack from the outside. The study saw cooperation with an outside player to overcome limitations as an organization`s situational factor and examined its mediating effects between market orientation and technological innovation. The study analyzed relations between market orientation and technological innovation among the SMEs in the field of machinery and metals in Gyeongnam Province and the mediating effects of external cooperation in an empirical manner. The analysis results can be summarized as follows: First, customer orientation and competitor orientation as the variables of market orientation had significant positive (+) effects on product innovation and process innovation, respectively, as the types of technological innovation. Second, the technological cooperation with suppliers had significant positive (+) mediating effects on relations between customer and competitor orientation and product innovation. However, external technological finance, technological cooperation with colleges, universities, or research institutions had no statistically significant mediating effects on relations between market orientation and technological innovation. Those results of empirical analysis offer the following implications: First, market orientation makes active reactions to changes to environments and customers inside SMEs and thus promotes technological innovation to improve the existing products or to create new ones. Second, given that SMEs have a lot of room to be improved in terms of finance, manpower, and technology market orientation, which represents efforts to provide customers with superior values to those of their competitors in an effective fashion, partially and rarely supports the argument that they can activate technological innovation by collaborating with other enterprises or public agencies outside them. Third, the results of empirical analysis show that the SMEs in the field of machinery and metals in Gyeongnam Province were not fully aware that they could promote technological innovation more actively through their collaborations with external organizations in the pursuit of technological innovation to realize market orientation. It is well reflected in the fact that their technological innovation is under the huge influence of market orientation and that their technological cooperation with external organizations has no big impacts as the mediating effects of market orientation. Finally, there is a need to search for ways to facilitate technological innovation in SMEs by combining policies to support their technological innovation with their market orientation, given that they have relatively limited resources compared with large enterprises and are part of the pillars to promote local economy. The plans to activate cooperation among industry, academy, and research, which can promote technological innovation in SMEs through cooperation with local research institutions, should be implemented in a concrete manner so that SMEs with a shortage of finance can realize their market orientation. Through cooperation among industry, academy, and research, SMEs will be able to have a chance to risk long-term uncertainties and achieve groundbreaking technological innovation rather than focusing on gradual innovation to produce visible short-term results. The study has the following limitations: First, the results cannot be generalized to all SMEs in that the survey was done only among the SMEs in the field of machinery and metals in Gyeongnam Province and that the return rates were low. Second, the study used only categorical variables to measure the variables of external cooperation affecting technological innovation, thus failing to consider many quality characteristics to measure external factors. Finally, the study measured technological innovation only with process and product innovation, thus failing to reflect a variety of variables to measure the results of innovation activities such as innovation counts and patents.

노동자대표조직이 기술혁신에 미치는 영향

이상민(Sang-Min Lee) 한국인사조직학회 2006 인사조직연구 Vol.14 No.3

  기업의 경쟁력 강화를 위한 기술혁신의 중요성이 대두되면서, 기업에서 기술혁신에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 밝히기 위한 연구가 점점 더 요구되고 있다. 본 논문은 노동자대표조직이 기술혁신에 미치는 영향을 연구주제로 삼고 있다. 노동자대표조직은 집단적 발언 효과, 고용안정 효과, 임금인상 효과 등을 통하여 기술혁신에 긍정적인 영향과 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 긍정적인 영향력이 부정적인 영향력을 압도한다면 노동자대표조직은 기술혁신에 긍정적인 순효과를 갖게 될 것이고, 반대로 부정적인 영향력이 긍정적인 영향력을 압도한다면 부정적인 순효과를 갖게 될 것이다. 노동자대표조직이 기술혁신을 장려할 것인가 아니면 방해할 것인가 하는 문제는 기본적으로 노동자대표조직이 행사할 수 있는 권한 수준에 달려 있다. 노동자대표조직이 행사할 수 있는 권한은 사업장 관련 변수, 업종 특성 변수, 법적ㆍ제도적 변수 등에 의하여 결정된다. 이 변수들 중에서 본 연구는 법적ㆍ제도적 변수들에 초점을 두고 있다. 한국의 사업장 수준에서 노동자대표조직은 노사협의회와 노동조합이 존재한다. 노사협의회는 ‘근로자 참여 및 협력 증진에 관한 법률’에 기초하여 주로 협의권을 행사할 수 있으며, 일 년에 4회 이상 회의를 개최한 노사협의회를 ‘준법노사협의회’로 정의한다. 노동조합은 ‘노동조합 및 노동관계조정법’에 따라 해당 사업장에서 단체행동권을 행사할 수 있다. 실증분석을 위한 자료는 2001년도에 30인 이상을 고용한 285개 한국 사업장을 대표적 표본으로 추출하여 조사한 결과이다. 실증 결과에 따르면, 준법노사협의회는 기술혁신에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지만, 노동조합은 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 노동조합 존재 유무에 따라 노동조합이 존재하는 사업장과 그렇지 않은 사업장으로 하위표본을 나누어 분석하면, 준법노사협의회가 기술혁신에 미치는 긍정적인 영향은 노동조합이 존재하는 사업장에서 통계적으로 유의미하지 않은 반면에, 노동조합이 존재하지 않는 사업장에서는 유의미한 것으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때에, 노동조합이 존재하는 사업장에서 준법노사협의회는 노동조합에 의하여 사전교섭의 수단으로 사용되고, 그들의 협의권은 노동조합의 단체행동권에 의하여 희석된다고 할 수 있다. 반면에, 노동조합이 존재하지 않는 사업장에서 준법노사협의회는 협의권을 효과적으로 행사하여 기술혁신에 긍정적인 영향력을 유지한다고 할 수 있다.   As globalization intensifies competition, firms are faced with an increasing pressure to innovate. Understanding the factors that influence technological innovation is therefore crucial to the survival of many firms. This study investigates the impact employees’ representative bodies have on technological innovation. Employees’ representative bodies can influence technological innovation in three ways: through their collective voice to management, efforts to improve job security and negotiations for wages.<BR>  Firstly, employees can have hands-on knowledge at the workplace, which is relevant to the firm’s innovation efforts, and yet, which management does not have. In this regard, giving their collective voice to management in a timely manner can have positive effects on decision-making for innovation. When delayed, however, participation of representative bodies can hamper technological innovation.<BR>  Secondly, enhancing job security is an important goal of representative bodies. Employees with job security have greater loyalty to their firm and they are more eager to invest in firm-specific skills. When, however, technological innovation is expected to be labor-saving and thus threatening to job security, representative bodies would seek to block its introduction.<BR>  Thirdly, representative bodies can have leverage in bargaining over the division of innovation rents. Employees would more welcome and participate actively in innovation when representative bodies can promise them more wage. Yet representative bodies can also hold up the innovation rents by raising the wage of employees and consequently discourage innovative activities.<BR>  When the positive outweighs the negative, employees’ representative bodies have a positive net effect on technological innovation. And the same goes for the negative. Whether employees’ representative bodies can influence technological innovation depends on their bargaining power. Many variables are at work to determine the power of employees’ representative bodies. Among these, this study concentrates on legal variables on the national level. There are two kinds of employees’ representative bodies in Korea that can be legal entities: joint consultation committees and labor unions. A joint consultation committee can exercise consultation rights and is defined as law-abiding entity, if it is expected to hold more than four annual meetings in accordance with “Act Concerning the Promotion of Worker Participation and Cooperation.” Labor unions can exercise their collective action right on the basis of “Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act.”<BR>  Data for empirical analysis are from a survey done in 2001 on representative samples of 285 Korean establishments with over 30 workers. Technological innovation is measured with two groups of variables: performance variables and process variables. Performance variables consist of four elements: product improvement, adoption, new product and product innovation. These variables take the value one, when a firm in question has improved their existing products/services (product improvement) or adopted new products/services from their market (adoption) or supplied completely new products/services to the market for the first time (new product) in last two years. The variable of product innovation takes the value one, if at least one of these three variables has the value one. Process variables consist of two elements; R&D employee ratio and self-evaluated technological level. The R&D employee ratio is the percentage of employees engaged entirely in R&D to the total number of employees in the establishment. The self-evaluated technological level measures the efficiency of capital investment made in technological facilities and equipment.<BR>  Our results show that law-abiding joint consultation committees have a significantly positive effect on

기술 및 비기술 혁신과 성과향상 관계 분석

김현식(Hyunsik Kim),배성주(Sung Joo Bae),한상연(Sangyun Han) 한국산업경제학회 2016 산업경제연구 Vol.29 No.5

본 연구에서는 제품 및 공정혁신과 같인 기술혁신활동이 기업 성과로 이어지는 과정에서 마케팅 및 조직 혁신과 같은 비기술적 혁신이 수행하는 매개적 역할을 실증분석하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 과학기술정책연구원(STEPI)에서 시행하는 ‘2010년 기술혁신활동조사표: 제조업부분’과 한국신용 평가정보에서 제공하는 KIS Value DB로부터 재무자료를 추가로 수집한 두 자료를 결합하여 분석데이터로 활용하였다. 분석결과 기술혁신 자체는 기업성과를 향상시키는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 본 연구에서 규명하고자 했던 비기술 혁신은 기술혁신의 영향을 받는 동시에 기술혁신이 기업 성과로 연결되는 경로에서의 매개효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 비기술혁신의 매개효과에 대한 실증적 검증을 위해 수행된 소벨 테스트(Sobel test)에서도 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 실증분석을 통해 기존의 이론에서 다루고 있는 기업의 혁신에 대하여 기술혁신과 더불어 비기술혁신을 함께 고려하는 것이 이론적으로 의미가 있음을 도출하였으며, 기술혁신만으로도 그리고 비기술혁신을 매개로 하는 기술혁신 또한 기업성과를 향상시킬 수 있다는 실무적인 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다. This study investigates the extent to which the technological innovation is associated with firm performance, and mediating effect of non-technological innovation. In the theoretical background, this study deduces the hypothesis in order to analysis relationship between technological innovation and non-technological on firm performance. In order to verify the hypothesis, Empirical analysis conducts the regression analysis a dataset of Korean manufacturing firms from the 2010 KIS(Korean Innovation Survey) data and merged with financial data from KIS Info for acquiring the objectivity. The result suggest that innovation study need to consider non-technological innovation as well as technological innovation. Only technological innovation, relationship between technological innovation and non-technological innovation improve firm performance. In other words, a firm is necessary to provide the differentiated products in the technological innovation process through marketing innovation activity such as focasting customer’s demanding present and future, organization innovation activity such as business strategy establishment in order that the products developed in product innovation meet the needs of market and customer.

정부의 역할이 기술혁신 성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 한국 제조업 산업을 중심으로

우지환 ( Jihwan Woo ),김나리 ( Nari Kim ),김영준 ( Youngjun Kim ) 한국생산성학회 2019 生産性論集 Vol.33 No.3

The lifespan of the enterprises is decreasing over the years. This means that the success of the past does not necessarily guarantee the survival of the companies. Therefore, companies pursue technological innovations in order to survive from the fierce domestic and international competition. They also try to gain competitive edge in the market or reduce production costs through technological innovation. In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution where the industry is newly changing its structure, the technological innovation is gaining more importance. Only the ones who successfully go through the technological innovation can adjust to the new industrial landscape, and those who don’t will disappear from the market. Technological innovation is very important for the government as well. It is beneficial for the government to have the companies that are competitive in the global market through technological innovation, because they can contribute to the domestic economic growth by increasing tax revenue and employment. Therefore, governments support the domestic companies to enhance technological innovation performance while regulating them for socio-economical reasons. This paper empirically analyses the role of the government in increasing the technological innovation performance, mainly focusing on 4,000 Korean manufacturing companies. For the analysis, Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) provided by the Science and Technology Policy Institute (STEPI) is used. Based on the empirical analysis, it was found that governmental support can provide positive effect on both product innovation and process innovation. On the other hand, government regulations showed negative effects on both kinds of innovations. Finally, government policies had a controlling effect on the relationship between regulations and product innovation, and between government support and process innovation as well. The results from this paper can give strategic insights to the companies’ top level management on how to utilize the governmental innovation support and regulations. Moreover, the paper can be helpful for the government in developing technological innovation policies that can foster higher performance of the companies.

무역기술장벽-기술혁신-통상의 영향에 관한 연구: WTO TBT 통보문을 중심으로

이희상,문승연 한국공공관리학회 2017 한국공공관리학보 Vol.31 No.3

Technological barriers to trade (TBT) that form technological barriers between countries serve as non-tariff barriers and have a significant impact on trade. The WTO recommends that WTO members be informed of technical regulations to prevent trade flow impediments due to trade barriers, and the WTO TBT committee is in charge of discussing issues of trade among WTO member countries. TBT's discussed in the WTO TBT committee are worth seeing the trends and types of discussions because they are regulations that have a significant effect on trade. In this study, we examined the effect of technological innovation on the US, EU, Mexico, and other countries by means of the quantitative research method. It is considered that technology regulation mediates technological innovation and affects the trade. As a result of the analysis of the effect of the technical regulation on the technological innovation, it can be confirmed that the technical regulation has a significant influence on the technological innovation, thus proving the regulatory innovation proposed in the previous study. Therefore, while technological regulation has a significant effect on technological innovation, when technological innovation acts as a parameter in the normal environment, only technological innovation influences the trade. Therefore, it can be judged that technological innovation offsets the influence of technical regulation. We classified contents of STC into regulatory type and regulation by adopting content analysis method as qualitative research method and analyzed results of STC agenda discussion. As a result of the analysis, it was found that there is a difference in regulation type and regulation field that have a significant effect on trade by country. This study showed that the technology regulation, which considers the characteristics of the products, effects technological innovation. It is also important to understand closely TBT discussed in the WTO TBT Committee in order to develop a customized strategy for effective national and industrial policy formulation. 국가 간 기술적 장벽을 형성하는 무역기술장벽은 비관세장벽으로 역할하며 통상에 현저한 영향을 미친다. WTO는 무역기술장벽으로 인한 무역 흐름 저해를 방지하고자 WTO 회원국들에게 기술규제를 통보하도록 권고하고 있으며 WTO TBT 위원회를 운영하여 WTO 회원국의 무역기술장벽 중 무역에 현저한 영향을 미치는 안건들을 논의하고 있다. WTO TBT 위원회에서 논의되는 무역기술장벽은 실제 통상에 유의미한 영향이 있는 규제들이기 때문에 논의 동향, 유형 등을 살펴볼 가치가 있다. 본 연구는 정량적 연구방법인 매개분석을 통하여 기술혁신이 매개변수로서 미국, EU, 멕시코 등 연구 대상 국가별로 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하였는데 매개분석 결과 연구 대상 모두 기술혁신이 완전매개효과를 가지는 것으로 나타나 통상 환경에서 기술규제가 기술혁신을 매개하여 통상에 영향을 주는 것으로 판단된다. 기술규제가 기술혁신에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석 결과 기술규제가 기술혁신에 유의미한 영향을 주고 있어 선행연구에서 제시한 규제 준수 혁신을 입증하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 기술규제는 기술혁신에 유의미한 영향을 주지만 기술혁신이 통상 환경에서 매개변수로 작용할 때는 기술혁신만이 통상에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나 기술혁신이 기술규제의 영향을 상쇄한다고 판단할 수 있다. 본 연구는 정성적 연구방법으로 콘텐트분석 방법을 채택하여 STC 안건을 규제 유형과 규제 분야로 분류하여 STC 안건 논의 결과에 대한 콘텐트분석을 진행하였다. 분석 결과 국가별로 통상에 현저한 영향을 미치는 규제 유형과 규제 분야에 있어서 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 시간이 흐름에 따라 STC 피제기 안건의 분야가 다각화되는 규제 동향 변화를 확인할 수 있었다. 기술규제와 기술혁신이 통상에 미치는 영향에 대한 정량적, 정성적 분석을 통하여 본 연구는 일반적으로 기술규제가 기술혁신을 저해한다는 인식과 달리 제품 특성과 밀접한 기술규제가 기술혁신을 촉진할 수 있다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 WTO TBT 위원회에서 논의되는 무역기술장벽이 국가 및 산업 동향과 밀접하게 맞물려 있다는 것을 알 수 있으며, 국가 산업 정책 수립 시 중장기적 전략 마련을 위해서는 WTO에서 논의되는 무역기술장벽을 세밀하게 분석하여 맞춤형 전략을 수립하는 것이 중요하다.

기술혁신형 중소기업의 혁신역량과 수출성과:유연성의 조절효과

윤승환,안세화 한독경상학회 2022 經商論叢 Vol.40 No.2

This study explores new factors affecting the causal relationship between innovation capabilities and the export performance of technological innovation-type SMEs. In a rapidly changing environment in the global market, even SMEs with innovative capabilities may differ from company to company in how they actually respond to changes in external conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the gap that can not be explained only by a single and direct relationship between innovation capabilities and export performance. To this end, a research model was designed, composed of export performance as a dependent variable, technological innovation capabilities and marketing innovation capabilities as independent variables, and organizational flexibility as a moderating variable. In order to estimate this model, data were collected for INNOBIZ companies, and multiple regression analysis and moderating regression analysis were conducted. As a result, it was found that both technological innovation capabilities and marketing innovation capabilities have a positive effect on export performance even in the context of technological innovation-type SMEs. Flexibility, an organizational capability that can quickly respond to changes in external conditions, was found to moderate the causal relationship between technological innovation capabilities and export performance in a positive direction. On the other hand, there was no moderating effect of flexibility in the relationship between marketing innovation capability and export performance. These results are due to conceptual attributes in which flexibility can be more friendly in the area of technological innovation than that of marketing, and the organizational characteristics of technological innovation-type SMEs. In other words, the interaction between flexibility and technological innovation capabilities appears relatively larger when the companies pursue a competitive advantage in the global market through a differentiation strategy. The significance and implications of this study are as follows. In the theoretical realm, the moderating effect of flexibility was found to be a factor that affects the export performance of innovative SMEs. In the field of practice, when companies use flexibility as a priority means to achieve a competitive advantage in the global market, managers are requested to manage operations management and marketing activities consistently according to the business strategies designed by this priority. 본 연구는 기술혁신형 중소기업의 혁신역량과 수출성과 간의 인과관계에 영향을 미치는 새로운 요인을 탐색한다. 글로벌 시장의 급변하는 환경에서는 혁신역량을 갖춘 중소기업이라 하더라도 외부조건의 변화에 실제로 어떻게 반응하느냐는 기업마다 차이가 있을 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 혁신역량과 수출성과 간의 단선적인 인과관계만으로는 설명되지 않는 갭을 규명하는 것이다. 즉 글로벌 시장에서 고객이나 경쟁자와 같은 시장조건의 변화에 신속하게 대응할 수 있는 조직의 유연성이 양자 간의 관계를 어떻게 조절하는지를 분석한다. 이를 위해 수출성과를 종속변수로, 대표적 혁신유형인 기술혁신역량과 마케팅혁신역량을 독립변수로, 그리고 조직의 유연성을 조절변수로 설정한 연구모델을 설계하였다. 이 모델을 추정하기 위해 이노비즈 기업을 대상으로 데이터를 수집하여 다중회귀분석과 조절회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 기술혁신형 중소기업의 맥락에서도 기술혁신역량과 마케팅혁신역량은 모두 수출성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 조절변수인 유연성은 기술혁신역량과 수출성과 간의 인과관계를 정(+)의 방향으로 조절하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 마케팅혁신역량과 수출성과 간의 관계에서는 유연성의 조절효과가 나타나지 않았다. 이 같은 결과는 유연성이 마케팅혁신 영역보다는 기술혁신 영역에 더 친화적일 수 있는 개념적 속성과 기술혁신형 중소기업의 조직 특성에 기인한다. 즉 유연성과 기술혁신역량 간의 상호작용은 기술혁신형 기업이 차별화전략을 통해 글로벌 시장에서 경쟁우위를 추구할 경우에 상대적으로 더 크게 나타날 수 있다. 본 연구의 의의와 시사점은 다음과 같다. 이론적으로 혁신형 중소기업의 수출성과 요인으로서 유연성의 조절효과를 발견한 것이다. 실무적으로는 혁신형 중소기업이 경쟁우위를 달성하는데 유연성을 우선적인 수단으로 사용할 경우 경영자는 이 우선순위에 따라 생산관리와 마케팅할동이 일관성 있게 계획되고 실행되도록 관리해야 된다.