Effect of Horse Riding Simulator Exercise on Thickness of Transverse Abdominis in Healthy Adults

( Jaehyo Park ),( Youngmi Kim ) 대한물리치료학회 2019 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.31 No.2

Purpose: This study examined the effects of horse riding simulator exercise on the thickness changes in the transverse abdominis in normal adults. Methods: Forty-five healthy adults were recruited and randomized to a horseback riding simulation exercise group (n=15), a sling exercise group (n=15), and a trunk stabilization exercise group (n=15). A horseback riding simulator offers the indoor experience of horseback riding and mimics the rhythmic movement of horseback riding, thereby provided a virtual environment, such as riding a real horse on the front screen. The velocity of the horse riding simulator exercise was regulated within the subject’s ability to control the exercise on the horse riding simulator. A sling exercise group performed sling exercise under the inspection of the experimenter. In the trunk stabilization exercise group, the subjects were instructed to perform the exercise accurately and pause the session when pain occurred during the intervention. The subjects in each group carried out the interventions three times per week for six weeks. The thickness of the transverse abdominis was measured using a pressure biofeedback unit and the ultrasound. Results: Significant differences in the thickness of transverse abdominis within the groups were observed between before and after the interventions. On the other hand, there were no differences in the parameters among the groups. Conclusion: Horse riding simulator exercise can be an alternative to trunk stabilization exercise by increasing the thickness of the transverse abdominis in healthy adults.

승마시뮬레이터의 보행형태에 따른 청,장년의 심박수, 산소섭취량, 분당 환기량, MET, 칼로리소비량의 변화

성봉주 ( Bong Ju Sung ),정동식 ( Dong Sik Chung ),김병현 ( Byung Hyun Kim ),백진호 ( Jin Ho Back ),고병구 ( Byoung Goo Ko ),이은정 ( Eun Jeong Lee ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2004 체육과학연구 Vol.15 No.1

본 연구에서는 가상현실을 가미한 승마시뮬레이터의 운동 유용성을 검증하기 위하여 20대 남ㆍ여 각 10명, 40대 남ㆍ여 각 10명, 총 40명을 대상으로 분당 심박수, 분당 산소섭취량, 분당 환기량, 분당 칼로리소비량 등을 측정하였다. 실험방법은 11단계(평보, 속보, 구보 습보, 박차평보, 박차속보, 박차구보 박차습보, 점프구보, 점프습보, 게임)의 과정을 5분씩 기승해서 얻은 호흡가스분석 자료(산소섭취량, 환기량, MET, 칼로리소비량)를 토대로 평균값의 비교를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. ① 일반보행 형태별 결과 : 승마시뮬레이터의 일반보행형태별 결과에서 분당 심박수는 약 101.00∼150.00회/분, 단위체중당 산소섭취량은 약 11.03∼21.27ml/kg/min, 분당 환기량은 약 18.96∼42.94ml/min, MET는 약 3.40∼6.00, 칼로리소비량은 약 3.52∼6.70kcal/min에 해당되었고 보행속도와 강도 변화에 따라 증가 양상을 보였다. ② 박차를 겸비한 보행 형태별 결과 : 박차를 겸비한 승마시뮬레이터의 보행형태별 결과에서 분당 심박수는 약 112.27∼156.40회/분, 단위체중당 산소섭취량은 약 13.65∼21.69ml/kg/min, 분당 환기량은 약 26.59∼46.37ml/min, MET는 약 3.80∼6.30, 분당 칼로리소비량은 4.78∼7.32kcal/min으로 나타났다. 일반보행보다는 박차를 겸비한 운동이 높은 운동효과를 나타내었고, 동 연령대에서 남성들이 여성 들보다 높게 나타났다. 그리고 40대가 20대보다 높게 나타났다. ③ 점프구보, 점프습보와 게임시 결과 : 승마시뮬레이터의 점프 구보, 점프습보, 게임 시의 결과에서 분당 심박수는 약 129.90∼156.00회/분, 단위체중당 산소섭취량은 약 19.57∼25.81ml/kg/min, 분당환기량은 약 38.43∼66.12ml/min, MET는 약 5.60∼7.50, 분당칼로리소비량은 5.82∼9.00kcal/min으로 나타났다. 이처럼 승마시뮬레이터의 운동생리적 변화는 성별, 보행형태와 박차를 겸비하는냐에 따라 다양한 결과가 나타나므로 준비운동부터 본 운동까지의 다양한 프로그램개발이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 트레드밀 운동과는 달리 가상현실을 통 해 실제 승마와 같은 운동을 할 수 있기 때문에 유희적인 요소, 승마라는 고급스포츠의 이미지와 운동적인 이미지 결합 등이 승 마시뮬레이터 운동의 장점으로 부각될 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of official approval research in horseback-riding simulator with imaginary actuality as a exercise equipment. In this study, the subjects were 40 men and women (10 twenty`s men, 10 twenty`s women, 10 fourty`s men and 10 fourty`s women). They participated in horseback-riding simulator exercise program consisted of 11 level(the walk, the trot, the canter, the gallop, the kick-walk, the kick-trot, the kick-canter, the kick-gallop, the jump-canter, the jump-gallop) for five minutes riding wearing gasmasks in Korea Sports Science Institute exercise physiology laboratory. The exercise physiology variables were HR, VO2, VE, MET and Calory expenditure. The results were as followings. ① The effect of general walking type on horseback-riding simulator : In this result, the heart rate were about 101∼ 150beats/min, the VO2 were about 11.03∼21.27 ml/kg/min, the ventilation were about 18.96∼ 42.94ml/min, the MET were about 3.4∼6.0 and the calory expenditure were about 3.52∼ 6.70kcal/min. ② The effect of kick- walking type on horseback-riding simulator : In this result, the heart rate were about 112∼156beats/min, the VO2 were about 13.6∼21.69 ml/kg/min, the ventilation were about 26.59∼46.37 ml/min, the MET were about 3.8∼6.3 and the calory expenditure were about 4.78∼7.32kcal/min. ③ The effect of jump-canter, jump-gallop and game type on horseback- riding simulator : In this result, the heart rate were about 129∼156beats/min, the VO2 were about 19.57∼25.81 ml/kg/min, the ventilation were about 38.43∼66.12 ml/min, the MET were about 5. 6∼7.5 and the calory expenditure were about 5.82∼8.96 kcal/min. In conclusion, the exercise physiological changes were founded in horseback-riding simulator depending on various walking types and the effect of simulator riding had similar effect in real horse riding. Based on the conclusion of this study, Various horseback riding program should be fully developed.

Effect of Horse Riding Simulator Exercise on Thickness of Transverse Abdominis in Healthy Adults

박재효,김영미 대한물리치료학회 2019 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.31 No.2

Purpose: This study examined the effects of horse riding simulator exercise on the thickness changes in the transverse abdominis in normal adults. Methods: Forty-five healthy adults were recruited and randomized to a horseback riding simulation exercise group (n=15), a sling exercise group (n=15), and a trunk stabilization exercise group (n=15). A horseback riding simulator offers the indoor experience of horseback riding and mimics the rhythmic movement of horseback riding, thereby provided a virtual environment, such as riding a real horse on the front screen. The velocity of the horse riding simulator exercise was regulated within the subject’s ability to control the exercise on the horse riding simulator. A sling exercise group performed sling exercise under the inspection of the experimenter. In the trunk stabilization exercise group, the subjects were instructed to perform the exercise accurately and pause the session when pain occurred during the intervention. The subjects in each group carried out the interventions three times per week for six weeks. The thickness of the transverse abdominis was measured using a pressure biofeedback unit and the ultrasound. Results: Significant differences in the thickness of transverse abdominis within the groups were observed between before and after the interventions. On the other hand, there were no differences in the parameters among the groups. Conclusion: Horse riding simulator exercise can be an alternative to trunk stabilization exercise by increasing the thickness of the transverse abdominis in healthy adults.

Effect of Horse Riding Simulator Exercise on Thickness of Transverse Abdominis in Healthy Adults

Park, JaeHyo,Kim, YoungMi 대한물리치료학회 2019 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.31 No.2

Purpose: This study examined the effects of horse riding simulator exercise on the thickness changes in the transverse abdominis in normal adults. Methods: Forty-five healthy adults were recruited and randomized to a horseback riding simulation exercise group (n=15), a sling exercise group (n=15), and a trunk stabilization exercise group (n=15). A horseback riding simulator offers the indoor experience of horseback riding and mimics the rhythmic movement of horseback riding, thereby provided a virtual environment, such as riding a real horse on the front screen. The velocity of the horse riding simulator exercise was regulated within the subject's ability to control the exercise on the horse riding simulator. A sling exercise group performed sling exercise under the inspection of the experimenter. In the trunk stabilization exercise group, the subjects were instructed to perform the exercise accurately and pause the session when pain occurred during the intervention. The subjects in each group carried out the interventions three times per week for six weeks. The thickness of the transverse abdominis was measured using a pressure biofeedback unit and the ultrasound. Results: Significant differences in the thickness of transverse abdominis within the groups were observed between before and after the interventions. On the other hand, there were no differences in the parameters among the groups. Conclusion: Horse riding simulator exercise can be an alternative to trunk stabilization exercise by increasing the thickness of the transverse abdominis in healthy adults.

시뮬레이터용 라이드 필름 제작에 관한 연구

김정환 ( Junghwan Kim ) 한국영상미디어협회 2011 예술과 미디어 Vol.10 No.2

최근 국내에서 3DTV의 보급으로 입체영상의 제 작인프라가 확충되고 있다. 차세대 첨단기술 분야로 지목되어 대단위의 연구와 투자가 이루어지고 있는 상황으로 TV용 입체영상(3D 실사형)과 미디어 파 사드(media fa놹de)1)와 같은 가상현실형 입체영 상, 4D2)라이드 필름(Ride film)3), I-max용 고화 질의 대형입체영상, 입체 3D게임 등의 분야에서 활 발하게 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본인은 테마파크의 4D극장이나 다양한 체험관 등에서 주로 상영되고 있는 라이드 필름 개발방법을 살펴 그 특성을 조망해 보기 위하여 대학재직중 에 특성화 사업의 일환으로 산·학 협력을 통해 개 발한 라이드용``VR Robot``을 중심으로 살펴보도 록 한다. 라이드 필름 개발상의 특징은 첫째, 일반 3D애니 메이션의 기본구조를 유지하고 있으나 기획단계에 서 효과적으로 입체감을 높여주기 위한 다양한 연 출 장치들을 필요로 한다는 점이다. 입체적 현실감을 증대시키기 위한 독특한 기획과정을 살펴봄으로 서 기존 3D애니메이션의 스토리텔링구조와 제작과 정과의 차이점을 이해하고 라이드 필름에 적합한 기획 방법을 도출하고자 한다. 두 번째, 3D 저작도구를 이용한 제작과정이 일반 적인 3D애니메이션 제작과정과 판이하게 다른 특 징을 가지고 있다. 기본적으로 라이드 필름의 제작 은 1인칭시점의 One-Cut One-Scene을 원칙으로 한다는데 있다. 라이드 필름을 제작하기 위한 기본 원칙인 1인칭시점이 의미하는 것은 Film 전체과정을 한 대의 카메라로 제작해야 한다는 제작상의 한 계가 있다는 점이다. 대부분의 라이드 시뮬레이터(Ride Simulator) 는 3D저작도구 상에서 각 프레임(Frame)별 카메라 좌표 값(X,Y,Z)을 기준으로 Movement를 하도 록 설계되어 지는데, 그 이유는 라이드 시뮬레이터 를 타고 그 움직임에 의해 역동적인 체험감을 느끼 는 관객의 입장에서 설계되어야만 한다는 필연적 이유 때문이다. 이러한 점은 실제로 제작현장에서 상당한 제약을 받을 수밖에 없어서 역동성 있는 화 면을 구성하기에 상당한 어려움이 따르고 있다. 다양한 카메라의 이용은 화면상의 역동성을 부 여하지만 라이드시뮬레이터의 제어에 어려움을 주 게 되는데, 카메라가 바뀌는 프레임을 별도로 제어 해야하는 문제가 발생한다. 이런 이유로 최근까지 라이드 영상을 시뮬레이터와 연동시키는 작업이 대 부분 수작업에 의해 이루어지고 있는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 관객들의 현실적 체험감을 높여주기 위한 라이드 필름 기획과정의 특성을 살펴보고 3D저작도구(3ds_max)상에서 1인칭시점의 One-Cut One-Scene을 원칙으로 제작된 라이드 필름의 Frame별 카메라 좌표 값(x, y, z)을 입력 하고, 그 값으로 라이드 시뮬레이터 Control Program프로그램을 이용하여 제어하는 단계까지의 개발과정을 제안하고자 한다. Abstract In recently, due to supply of 3dtv, infra- structure of stereopsis has been expanded in Korea. As it is pointed out as a field of high-technology for a next-generation, studies and investments of a large-scale have been increased. Therefore, it has been studied in the fields of stereopsis for TV (3D, actual image) and for virtual reality like Media facade, 4D ride film, large high-quality stereopsis for I-max, three-dimensional games. This paper will examine ``VR Robot`` for ride which was developed through the Industry - University Collaboration as a part of specialized businesses in order to prospect its characteristics that is shown in a 4D theatre or theme park. characteristics of ride film is that firstly, although it keeps basic-structure of normal 3D animation, it needs various equipment to give 3 dimension effectively from the planning stage. By examining special planning stage to increase 3 dimensional reality, this paper will understand differences between existing 3D animation storytelling structure and process of film production, after that it will deduct a suitable way of planning for ride film. Secondly, the process of production using 3D tools has different characteristics from normal 3D animation. basically, the production of ride film has a principle of One Cut One Scene of the 1st person. What is the meaning of 1st person for making ride film is to have limitation in producing whole film process by one camera. Most ride simulator is designed for movement in a stadard, X,Y,Z of camera as each frame on 3D making tool. This is because it has to be designed for audiences who feel active experiences by the movement of ride simulator. It has a difficulty in making active picture due to the limitation in real field of production. Using various camera give activity on the screen, however, it give a difficulty in controling ride simulator because it has problems of controling frame put aside exchanging camera. In this sense, work interlocking ride image and simulator has been made by manual. This paper will examine characteristics of planning stage for increasing experiences of reality, and will input camera coordinate, X,Y,Z of each frame produced by principle of One Cut One Scene from the 1st person view point on 3Ds max.. By the value, it will suggest process of development to the process of controling ride simulator.

의지기반 재활승마 시뮬레이터 설계

이창조(Chang-Jo Lee),하동원(Dong-One Ha) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2012 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.6 No.1

재활승마는 많은 장점이 있지만 여러 가지 이유로 인해 접근성이 떨어진다. 최근에는 시뮬레이터를 이용한 재활승마가 시도되고 있다. 하지만 대부분의 시뮬레이터들은 승마 리듬을 모방한 운동파형을 발생시키는 것에만 초점이 맞춰져있으며, 실제 부조를 모방하려는 시도가 부족하다. 이 연구는 실제 부조에서 주부조에 해당하는 고삐, 박차, 체중이동이 가능한 승마시뮬레이터를 설계하고 컴퓨터 해석을 통해 구조와 동작에 관한 검증을 한 것이다. 특히 체중이동을 이용한 부조를 위해 구면 구름 연결장치를 이용한 안장부 설계가 이전의 시뮬레이터와 차별화되는 부분이다. There are many benefits of horseback riding for rehabilitation. However people have difficulty with horseback riding because of their situations. Lately some people have been trying to horseback ride with simulators. But most simulators focused on the waveform generation that try to emulate the real motion-wave of horse not the real equine aid. The study designs the simulator which can reins, spurs and transfers of weight, then analyzes 3 dimensional design, structure of hardware and motion. Especially it is a difference between our concept and other ideas, design of saddle using a spherical rolling joint for weight transfer.

Suggestion and Evaluation of HMI System for Motorcycles Vol.1 : Experiment of communication-based HMI System using riding simulator

Saya Kishino,Joohyeong Lee,Ikumi Ozaki,Keisuke Suzuki,Masumi Nakajima 대한인간공학회 2018 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

Objective: The purpose of this research is to analyze riders’ behavior and the reduction of traffic accidents when they are in a risk of traffic accident if the riders’ use a Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) system that presents effective information to prevent accidents. Background: In recent years, accidents of four-wheeled vehicles are decreasing, but accidents of motorcycle are still high, so we suggest an HMI system that presents effective information to prevent accidents to motorcycle riders. Method: We carried out experiments with three scenarios using a riding simulator. We analyzed 15 riders’ behavior when they are in risky situations for each 20 times (10 with the system and 10 without the system). We set up three scenarios which are supposed at intersections. First scenario is that other vehicle running on the different lane which cross the lane while an ego vehicle rider is running ignores a stop sign when the rider runs on the priority road. Second scenario is that other vehicle running on the opposite lane overlooks the rider of ego vehicle and turns right when the rider runs on the priority road. Third scenario is that the rider of ego vehicle ignores a stop sign when the rider runs on the non-priority road. Results: As a result, the reaction time to the initiation timing of the rider’s braking was shortened, and the average deceleration and time to collision between an ego vehicle and an oncoming vehicle increased when a rider was using HMI system. This means that the HMI system is effective to minimize the risk of accidents. This allowed motorcycle riders to quickly notice the existence of other vehicles. Because of this, the rider can slow down safely, and this system can reduce the risk.

VEHICLE DYNAMIC SIMULATION USING A NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS CODE

Yu, Y.S.,Cho, K.Z.,Chyun, I.B. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.1

The structural integrity of either a passenger car or a light truck is one of the basic requirements for a full vehicle engineering and development program. The results of the vehicle product performance are measured in terms of ride and handling, durability, Noise/Vibration/Harshness (NVH), crashworthiness, and occupant safety. The level of performance of a vehicle directly affects the marketability, profitability and, most importantly, the future of the automobile manufacturer. In this study, the Virtual Proving Ground (VPG) approach has been developed to simulate dynamic nonlinear events as applied to automotive ride & handling. The finite element analysis technique provides a unique method to create and analyze vehicle system models, capable of including vehicle suspensions, powertrains, and body structures in a single simulation. Through the development of this methodology, event-based simulations of vehicle performance over a given three-dimensional road surface can be performed. To verify the predicted dynamic results, a single lane change test was performed. The predicted results were compared with the experimental test results, and the feasibility of the integrated CAE analysis methodology was verified.

호출 수락률이 라이드 헤일링 서비스의 동적 요금 알고리즘에 미치는 영향

정다운,신호석 도로교통공단 2022 교통안전연구 Vol.41 No.2

스마트폰의 대중화로 라이드 헤일링 서비스는 많은 이용자의 차량 호출을 운전자에게 중개해주고 있다. 본 연구는 라이드 헤일링 서비스의 시장 실패를 방지하는 동적 요금 알고리즘을 구현하였다. 강화 학습에 기반한 컨텍스츄얼 밴딧과 시간차 학습을 이용하여 개별 호출에 요율을 부여하고 운전자에게 할당하였다. 호출 수락률에 서비스 이용자 특성을 반영하여 수락률 변화에 따른 시뮬레이션 결과를 도출하였다. 이용자 측 면의 파라미터 값을 증가시킬수록 매칭률과 높은 요율의 비중이 증가하는 것으로 확인되었다. 호출 집계 간격 을 조정하여 집계 간격의 영향은 유의미하지 않음을 확인하였다. 연구 결과 매칭되지 못하던 호출의 매칭 확률 을 높여줄 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 국내의 택시 요금 인상에 대한 정책 근거 마련에 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

시트안락감 평가용 인체 모델 개발

김석환(Seok-Hwan Kim),황수환(Su-Hwan Hwang),이광노(Kwang-Noh Lee),평종권(Jong-Kweon Pyun),김경민(Kyung Min Kim),사성진(Sungjin Sah),최형연(Hyung Yun Choi) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

New human body models have been developed with recent anthropometry have for riding comfort simulation. External geometry of the models was acquired from the 3 dimensional whole body laser scanning of recruited volunteers in a driving position. The selection criteria for volunteers with standard size and shape were derived from a statistical factor analysis of the SizeUSA database. As a practical application of the model in a design process, comfortable driving postures were constructed by using the Cascade Prediction Model (CPM) which takes into account both, interior package layout and the driver’s anthropometry.