Quantum technology: a beacon of light for next-generation healthcare

Padalhin Andrew,Chung Phil-Sang,Woo Seung Hoon 대한의학레이저학회 2023 MEDICAL LASERS Vol.12 No.4

Quantum theory diverges from classical physics by identifying discrete states instead of a continuous spectrum. While quantum phenomena have evolved independently from biology, the fields are converging, particularly in medical science. Understanding quantum principles is crucial for advancing medical technologies, as evidenced by the current developments outlined in selected articles from the past decade. Despite decades of existence, the full realization of the benefits of quantum physics has yet to be achieved. Recent technological advances, rooted in quantum principles, include quantum computers, artificial intelligence (AI) quantum algorithms, quantum-based lasers, and nanoparticles. Quantum computing, a potential foundation for robust infrastructures, faces challenges, such as the need for highly controlled conditions and specialized algorithms, prompting researchers to explore possibilities and pitfalls. Hence, optimizing existing AI tools and exploring quantum computing possibilities are priorities. Advances in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) operating at ambient temperatures and producing hyperspectral images are sought for biomedical applications. Potential breakthroughs in infrared microscopy based on QCL technology could enable the submicron resolutions of molecules. The convergence of quantum physics and biology in medical science is in its early stages. Resolving the challenges in practical quantum technology within its fundamental principles is crucial for future progress.

Review of Applications of Quantum Computing in Power Flow Calculation

Jang Ye-Eun,Kim Na-Yeon,Kim Young-Jin 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.2

The proliferation of distributed energy resources has increased the complexity of power system analysis and operation. To address the complexity, various algorithms have been studied on classical computers, but their performance was constrained by hardware limitations of classical computers. As a new computing paradigm, quantum computing has recently been applied to power system operations to enhance computational efciency, and early studies on quantum computing application have demonstrated the computational efciency. Although there remains the limited scalability in current quantum devices, various algorithms have been developed by combining classical and quantum computers to exploit quantum computing fully. Therefore, with the brief introduction of quantum computing and its computing systems, this paper reviews and discusses the recent studies particularly on power fow and optimal power fow calculations using various quantum algorithms ranging from pure quantum computing algorithms to hybrid quantum-classical algorithms. In addition, this paper suggests new research subjects in power fow calculations for future studies.

이상 시에서의 5차원 의미와 양자-행렬의 대칭성과 확률성 ⎯「線에關한覺書 3」의 양자-행렬 역학적 독법 가능성

김상현 한국시학회 2022 한국시학연구 Vol.- No.70

탁월한 선행연구의 누적에 빚져, 이상 시는 심도 있게 논의되어 온 것이 사실이다. 그러나 이상 시 특유의 난독으로부터 현재까지의 연구 성과가 잠깐이라도 정체될 수 있는 자유를 얻은 것은 아니다. 이러한 악명 높은 난독의 텍스트들은 날것의 대수적 언어와 기묘한 과학적 세계관으로 둘러싸여 여전히 새로운 도전을 요구하고 있는 것이 사실이기 때문이다. 이 글은 이상 시의 양자역학적 독법 가능성에 대한 필자의 두 번째 문제 제기에 해당한다. 「烏瞰圖 詩第一號)」 전문에 대한 5차원 텍스트 읽기를 통해 그 첫 번째 문제제기를 한 바 있었다. 양자역학에 기초하지 않고는 결코 표현이 가능하지 않은 이상 시의 난독성에 관해 지속적인 고찰이 필요한 시점이다. 이 글은 양자-행렬 역학적 독법 가능성을 논할 때 필요한 두 가지 요소인 대칭성과 확률성에 관한 논문이다. 다양성의 세계를 단일성이라는 일면으로 인식할 때 당면한 세계는 모조 세계로 전락한다. 이 모조 세계는 양자역학의 이론적 전제로부터 이해될 수 있는 특징을 보이는데, 이때 적용되는 양자적 특성이 대칭성과 확률성이다. 이러한 대칭성과 확률성은 5차원 삼차각이라는 양자역학적 기하학과 관련이 있었다. 하이젠베르크가 고안한 행렬역학 식은 질량이 없는 것과 같으나 세계에 영향을 미치는 전자의 기묘함에 관한 모형에 가깝다. 즉, 특정한 위치에 이러한 유령 같은 전자가 존재할 가능성을 행렬로 표현한 이 식은 양자역학의 대표적 업적으로 간주된다. 이 행렬은 사각형의 우주에 무한한 가능성의 사건들을 확률로 나타낸다. 파동이면서 관측될 때만 입자로 현실화되는 양자적 특성 가운데 하나가 물질과 반물질 간의 대칭성이다. 대칭성은 또 다른 양자적 특징인 양자 얽힘과 연관성을 갖는다. 이 글은 이러한 특징들로부터 이상 시의 숨겨진 가능성들이 입자로 현실화될 수 있음을 타진한다. 이때 이상 시의 난독으로부터 대칭성을 자연스럽게 도출하기 위해서는 전치행렬의 논리를 활용해야 한다. 이상의 텍스트에서는 '전치(轉置, transpose)'라는 논리가 물질에 대한 반물질이자 세계에 대한 대칭성임을 이상의 텍스트에서 그의 우주론과 함께 발견할 수 있기 때문이다. 그 전단계로 이상 시에서의 차원, 상대성이론의 적용에 관해 문제를 제기했다. 당면한 현실을 3차원 또는 4차원으로 설정하는 문제는 그가 말한 ‘삼차각(三次角)’의 의미를 규정하는 데 필수적이기 때문이다. 그 다음으로 이상 시에서 하나의 우주로 표상되는 행렬이 갖는 의미를 설명했다. 여기에서 행렬은 거울상(像)의 대칭으로 끝나는 문제는 아니기 때문이다. 이상이 제시하고 있는 수리와 과학의 논리 안으로 편견 없이 들어가다 보면, 그가 구축한 세계의 전모가 일관성 있게 드러난다. 이 글은 이를 밝히는 두 번째 작업이다. 「線에關한覺書 3」은 행렬과 대칭 그리고 확률에 관한 좋은 예이다. 이상 텍스트 전반에 걸쳐 양자역학적 독법이 의외의 가능성들을 수면으로 떠오르게 하는 데 작은 역할이라도 수행하기를 바라는 마음이다. The poems by Yi Sang have been discussed in depth thanks to the accumulation of the previous studies. However, it does not mean that the freedom is gained that the studies so far are allowed to stagnate for the peculiar difficulty in reading of the poems by Yi Sang. It is because the texts notorious for the difficulty in reading require new challenges, surrounded by the algebraic words in raw and the weird scientific view of the world. This paper is the second presentation of the problem on the possibility of reading the poems by Yi Sang in terms of quantum mechanics. The first has been presented before with the five-dimensional text reading of the full text of Ogamdo: Poem number one. This paper discusses with quantum mechanics the difficulty in reading of the poems by Yi Sang, which are beyond expression without the foundation of the quantum mechanics. It also discusses what the matters are with applying the relativity theory to his poems. This paper deals with symmetry and probability, which are two properties required in discussing the possibility of quantum-matrix mechanical reading. By perceiving the world of variety into the one of singleness, the present world is reduced into the fake world. This fake world can be understood with the theoretical premises of the quantum mechanics – symmetry and probability. These symmetry and probability have to do with the quantum mechanic geometry, the five-dimensional three-dimension angle. The quantum-matrix formulae by Heisenberg can be classified as a model on the weirdness of the electron, which has no mass but has effect on the world. That is, these formulae are regarded as a representative achievement that expresses the possibility that the spectral electrons can exist at a specific spot. This matrix indicates the occidents with the limitless possibility as probability in the rectangular cosmos. One of the characteristics of quantum, which is wave but realizes into particle only when observed, is symmetry between matter and antimatter. Symmetry is also related to the quantum entanglement, another characteristic of the quantum. The hidden possibility of the poems by Yi Sang realizes into particles through these characteristics. It is required to take advantage of the logic of the transposed matrix to draw symmetry naturally from the difficulty in reading of the poems by Yi Sang. It is because in his poems Yi Sang planted with his cosmology his idea that the logic of ‘transpose’ is antimatter against matter and the symmetry to the world. In this paper, as a prior step of that, the questions are posed of dimension and the application of the theory of relativity. It is because setting the present into three-dimension or four-dimension is essential in defining the meaning of ‘the three-dimension angle’ by Yi Sang. Next the meaning of matrix is presented, which is represented as a cosmos in the poems by Yi Sang. In the poems, the matrix is not just the symmetry of the images in the mirror. Researching the logic of math and science presented by Yi Sang without prejudice, the entire picture of his own making is revealed with consistency. This paper is the second challenge to study this. The Memo of the Line 3 is a good example of matrix, symmetry and probability. It is hoped that the quantum-matrix mechanical reading will take a little part in presenting the unexpected possibilities in the whole texts by Yi Sang.

양자중력설로 연구한 바디우의 공백(Ø)에 관한 윤리적 의의

오진영 ( Jinn Young Oh ) 한국윤리학회 2015 倫理硏究 Vol.102 No.1

의식의 장소에는; 무(無)라고 하는 것이 더“바람직”할 것 같은 양자(quantum)가 존재한다는 첫 번째 가정과, 그리고 그 장소는-펜로즈, 해머로프가 주장한 뇌세포 속 세포내소기관(細胞小器官)-미세소관(microtubule)이라는 두 번째 가정으로 본 논문은 연구되었다. 의식을 과학적으로 연구한다고 해서, 정신과 물질 간의 환원주의를 주장하려는 것은 아니다. 논자의 태도는, “의식은 컴퓨팅적으로 환원불가하다”는 점이다. 의식활동의 비(非)컴퓨팅성은“Orchestrated Objective Reduction”에 의해 입증되는데, 이는 미세소관 안 튜블린 이합체 내의 양자(mobile electron)가 스스로 붕괴하는 자발적 시스템(“OR”)이 작동한다는 펜로즈, 해머로프의 이론이다. 그 시스템의 작동 중, 우연히 양자 결맞음(coherence)이라는 조화 (Orchestrated)가 생기게 되며, 더불어 양자중력도 발생한다. 그 양자중력으로 양자 결맞음과 연관된 뇌 속 다른 곳에 위치한 추가(초과)의 양자들이, 동시동작적으로 이끌림(attraction, 인력) 현상에 참여하여 집합화(집약) 된다. 그 현상으로 인해, 결국 세포소기관에서 세포단위인 시냅스의 강도를 변화시켜, 신경가소성에 영향을 끼치게 된다. 이러한 양자중력설로 바디우의 공백 철학을 연구하면서, 현실적인 모든 상황에는 상황에 현시되지 않았던 상황-상태(메타 구조)가 존재론적으로 존재한다는 이념을 본문에서 논했다(초과점 정리에 의해). 그 논의 과정에서, 인간 본 성상 펼쳐지는 진정한 자유를 창발적 진화라고 재(再)의미화하여, 공백에 관한‘과학적이고 철학적인 두 측면’을 동형위상성으로 탐구하는 과정에서 도출되는 윤리적 의의를 연구해 보았다. 논자는 “예속된 자유는 창발적 진화에 따른 자유가 아니다”로 윤리적 결론을 냈다. 이는 인간 본성상 창발적 진화가 곧 원천적 자유와 다름없다는 논증에 정초한 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는, 그러한 자유를 중심으로한 윤리적 성찰(일종의 반성 관념)의 정당성을 위한 연구와 다름없다. 우리는 스스로 만들어낸 중력장에서 자신 고유의 관념을 창발하고 있는가, 누군가가 자신의 창발적 진화를 방해하고 있는 것은 아닌가, 인간이 다른 동물과 다른 점은 바로 이런 물음을 스스로에게 던지고 성찰하는 자세일 것이다. This study is proposed two hypothesis. The first is the being of quantum in consciousness which is the ultra-minimum amount of any physical entity. The second is the microtubule in the brain cell where the consciousness is taken the place by operating quantum’s“Orchestrated Objective Reduction” system. Although I deal with the human’s consciousness by physical science, I do not have the attitude of the reductionism. I have had the real intention that the consciousness can not be reduced to the computing system. It is non-computing which is demonstrated by the Penrose and Hameroff’s theory. Penrose and Hameroff suggested the theory of “Orch-OR” and “Quantum Gravity”. The suggestion is that the quantum activity in microtubule ought to be non-computationally linked to the happening the quantum gravity phenomenon in taking place along microtubules. The non-computing is up to “OR” which is a self-collapse of the quantum activity. And the quantum activity occurs to not only a quantum coherence, but also a quantum gravity. Because of quantum gravity, another random quantum(as disseminated) in entire brain-cell is attracted to that gravity. This whole process helps the organelle to change intensity of the synapse, and then the result affects the neural plasticity. As following out in advance, I study Badiou’s philosophy of the void(mark Ø). I try to argue Badiou’s the law of the Ideas that ‘state of the situation(meta-structure)’ is the ontology of the science of being qua being. In other words: even if ‘being a situation’ is necessary condition for investigating the state, the situation cannot be presentable alone as a propername of the existent. Therefore a condition is needed to the theorem of the point of excess. This verificational process has freedom of human’s nature reappropriate “emergent evolution”. And then, I study the ethical significance which is deduced from the void concept by pursing the truth in homeomorphism(topological property) between physicalness and philosophicalness. That is not to say that a subordinate freedom is the real freedom of human’s nature. In other words: the freedom is real in “emergent evolution”, where I suggest that meditation for a idea of self-reflection should pertain to the ethical. WE emerge the own singularity idea in one’s self gravity field WE hinder others’“emergent evolution” The difference between human and animal is that the meditation attitude is defined by what is questioned in the investigation.

The Future of Quantum Information: Challenges and Vision

( Dohyun Kim ),( Jungho Kang ),( Tae Woo Kim ),( Yi Pan ),( Jong Hyuk Park ) 한국정보처리학회 2021 Journal of information processing systems Vol.17 No.1

Quantum information has passed the theoretical research period and has entered the realization step for its application to the information and communications technology (ICT) sector. Currently, quantum information has the advantage of being safer and faster than conventional digital computers. Thus, a lot of research is being done. The amount of big data that one needs to deal with is expected to grow exponentially. It is also a new business model that can change the landscape of the existing computing. Just as the IT sector has faced many challenges in the past, we need to be prepared for change brought about by Quantum. We would like to look at studies on quantum communication, quantum sensing, and quantum computing based on quantum information and see the technology levels of each country and company. Based on this, we present the vision and challenge for quantum information in the future. Our work is significant since the time for first-time study challengers is reduced by discussing the fundamentals of quantum information and summarizing the current situation.

양자(量子)시대 세계관의 변경에 대한 동양 형이상학에서의 이해 : 부(附). 상수학적(象數學的) 기(氣)의 존재와 운동을 중심으로

민영현 국제뇌교육종합대학원대학교 국학연구원 2023 선도문화 Vol.35 No.-

Now physics is turning to metaphysics and Eastern philosophy. It is to find the world of the isotropy and mutual embrace of the universe in Dante’s La Divina Commedia(The Divine Comedy), or to find the origin of Quantum Theory in Democritus’ Atomism today. An invisible source, it will another understanding be possible through the meeting of the past and present, the East and the West, and science and philosophy. Meta-physics asks about the nature of physics or beyond matter. And now, understanding the new dimension and state of quantum is emerging as a key task in modern physics. But when asked, "What is quantum?" no one can say they know it. Nevertheless, more than 90% of modern civilizations rely on quantum mechanics. However, the quantum state in quantum theory itself goes beyond general logic and realistic rationality. Quantum jumps in quantum tunnels, duality of entanglement and overlap, and problems of symmetry, etc., all feel distant. There is also considerable controversy within physics. It is a conflict between a group that sees both as elementary particle and a group of researchers that sees them as strings. Here, the concept of information is also emerging as a major issue, but nothing is clear yet. Nevertheless, traditional metaphysics rather gives way to physical quantum theory. A quantum worldview that there is a world of different essence from a rational situation has been established. And now, I will talk about the concepts of Taegeuk(太極) and Yin-Yang(陰 陽) in understanding the world of the East. This is because it has many similarities to the subject of symmetry in quantum physics. Therefore, beyond simply the difference in terms of philosophy and physics, we feel the need to review each other in terms of the worldview. This is also necessary to properly understand the nature and phenomenon of the world. The development of material civilization will continue to depend on physics and engineering applications. However, the understanding of the reasons and sources of human life has no choice but to rely on the world of philosophy. It is hoped that scientific discoveries will turn into universal common sense and serve as an opportunity for many to understand that the meeting between science and philosophy is not impossible.

Entanglement Dynamics of Multipartite States under an XY Quantum-Critical Environment

Xiao San Ma,An Min Wang 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.55 No.6

By using negativity as an entanglement measure, we investigate the entanglement dynamics of multipartite quantum states under an XY quantum environment, which can exhibit a quantum phase transition. From the results, we find that the time evolution of multipartite quantum states depends not only on the size of the system and the quantum states of concern but also on the degrees of freedom of the environment, the anisotropy, and the transverse magnetic field of the environment. Especially, we find that the entanglement decay will be enhanced by the quantum phase transition of the environment under weak coupling. By using negativity as an entanglement measure, we investigate the entanglement dynamics of multipartite quantum states under an XY quantum environment, which can exhibit a quantum phase transition. From the results, we find that the time evolution of multipartite quantum states depends not only on the size of the system and the quantum states of concern but also on the degrees of freedom of the environment, the anisotropy, and the transverse magnetic field of the environment. Especially, we find that the entanglement decay will be enhanced by the quantum phase transition of the environment under weak coupling.

Quantum Confinement Effect of Thermoelectric Properties

제구철,Chang-Ho Cho 한국물리학회 2009 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.54 No.1

Using the quantum confinement effect based on the conduction band model, we theoretically determine the optimal concentration for the best figure-of-merit in n-type Bi2Te3 quantum well structures. The Bi2Te3 system has polycrystalline structures that can be prepared by using powders of hot-pressed alloys. The enhanced figure-of-merit due to the quantum confinement is almost caused by the enhanced Seebeck coefficient and by improved resistivity. It results from competition between the strong intrinsic characteristic and the enhancement of the volume ratio of the concentration in the quantum-confined system. The optimum concentration for the best figure-of-merit in the system amounts to 2.1 × 10^11 cm^-2 at room temperature. Control of the carrier concentration, as well as the quantum confinement effect, is also a very important effect to optimize the figure-of-merit in low-dimensional systems. Using the quantum confinement effect based on the conduction band model, we theoretically determine the optimal concentration for the best figure-of-merit in n-type Bi2Te3 quantum well structures. The Bi2Te3 system has polycrystalline structures that can be prepared by using powders of hot-pressed alloys. The enhanced figure-of-merit due to the quantum confinement is almost caused by the enhanced Seebeck coefficient and by improved resistivity. It results from competition between the strong intrinsic characteristic and the enhancement of the volume ratio of the concentration in the quantum-confined system. The optimum concentration for the best figure-of-merit in the system amounts to 2.1 × 10^11 cm^-2 at room temperature. Control of the carrier concentration, as well as the quantum confinement effect, is also a very important effect to optimize the figure-of-merit in low-dimensional systems.

양자듣기 연구를 위한 예비논문

양지선,이창훈 한국정신분석학회 2023 精神分析 (Psychoanalysis) Vol.34 No.1

From many years, studies on psychoanalysis were built within a Newtonian framework. Today, with updated contemporary knowledge about quantum physics, we have the opportunity to bring a deeper appreciation to the study of psychoanalysis. Based on the contemporary development of quantum mechanics, I sought to demonstrate how these developments are compatible with psychoanalytic psychotherapy. By illustrating the supervised psychotherapy case below, I sketch a line of thought about a quantum-like modeling in psychoanalytic psychotherapy, specifically in the psychoanalytic listening. Finally, I have proposed ‘Quantum Listening’ eventually transmitting this quantum-like perspective of psychoanalytic listening to the rest of the psychoanalyst community and psychiatrist society in general. Through this paper, I hope to demonstrate how quantum physics is applicable to psychoanalysis. Although it is hard to know how much credence is given to the concept ‘Quantum Listening’, it does add motivation for a more comprehensive understanding of psychoanalytic listening. This short and basic paper is a preliminary to ‘Quantum Listening’ and further research will be carried out afterwards.

트러스 구조물의 최소중량설계를 위한 양자기반 화음탐색 알고리즘의 개발

손수덕(Shon, Su-Deok),이승재(Lee, Seung-Jae) 대한건축학회 2015 大韓建築學會論文集 : 構造系 Vol.31 No.10

With the development of quantum computer, the quantum-inspired search method applying the features of quantum mechanics, i.e. indetermination, superposition, entanglement, etc, and its application to engineering-problems have emerged as one of the most interesting research topics. Unlike the study of the quantum computer, the quantum-inspired search algorithms have been developed based on the application of the existed meta-heuristic algorithm and the information superimposed quantum-bit approached via through quantum gate. In this process, it appears that the balance between the two features of exploration and exploitation, and continually accumulates evolutionary information. Thus, this study is to propose a quantum-inspired harmony search algorithm and to solve the structural optimization problem by the algorithm. For the optimization, we suggest the mathematical modeling of the truss which is possible to minimum weight design. In its model, the cost function is minimum weight and constraint function consists of the stress. To trace the accumulative and convergence process of evolutionary information, 3-bar and 10-bar truss are chosen as the numerical examples, and their results are analyzed. The optimized design result in the numerical examples shows it has better result in minimum weight design, compared to those of the other search methods. It is also observed that more accurate optional values can be acquired as the result by accumulating evolutionary information.