곶자왈 용어 정의를 위한 고찰

최수정, 현화자,현화자 문학과환경학회 2018 문학과 환경 Vol.17 No.1

This study is aimed to clarify the definition process and meaning of‘Gotjawal’through the literature review. In addiation, the concept of 'Gotjawal' should be discussed for its comprehensive perspective including geology and ecology. Gotjawal began as the birth of Jeju Islands, the current landscape of Gotjawal has been made by human activity. However, the term 'Gotjawal' was expressed and defined recently. The term of‘Gotjawal’is conceptual meaning now and does not consider all characteristics of Gotjawal distributed in Jeju Island. Since people in Jeju Island have learned Gotjawal from their ancestors, it can be inferred how the Jeju people perceive and utilize Gotjawal through historical records. According to ancient documents or maps, the geographical knowledge of Gotjawal area and the change of the area can be confirmed. As a result of examining the four documents that Gotjawal is described, the forest called ‘Got’ and 'Jawal’ was renamed to 'Gotjawal'. since the term of Gotjawal is not systematically defined it can cause many problems in terms of conservation and management. Thus, the details of‘Gotjawal conservation ordinance’and regulations should be established in order to conserve and manage Gotjawal. For this, it is necessary to research ecosystem service for estimating economic value of Gotjawal and to organize concepts for defining Gotjawal. 본 연구는 제주도와 관련된 문헌 검토를 통해 곶자왈이 정의되어진 과정과 그 의미를 밝히고자 한다. 또한 이를 통해 ‘곶자왈’ 개념이 지질학, 생태학 분야를 포괄하여 통합적인 관점에서 정의되어야 함을 논의하고자 한다. 곶자왈은 제주도의 탄생과 같이 시작되었지만 인간의 활동에 의해 지금의 모습을 갖추었다. 하지만 ‘곶자왈’이라는 단어는 최근에서야 만들어지고 정의되었다. 현재 곶자왈의 정의는 추상적이다. 제주도에 존재하는 곶자왈 모든 세부적인 특성을 다 반영하지 못하고 있다. 제주인들은 선조로부터 곶자왈에 대한 정보를 얻어 몸소 체득하였기 때문에 제주인들이 곶자왈을 어떻게 인식하고 이용하였는지는 그들이 남긴 기록을 통해 유추할 수 있다. 고문헌(古文獻)이나 고지도(古地圖)를 통해서 부분적으로 그 당시 곶자왈 지역의 지리적 개념과 곶자왈 지역의 변화를 확인할 수 있다. 곶자왈이 묘사되어 있는 4개의 문헌을 살펴본 결과,‘곶’과 ‘자왈’로 따로 불리어지던 숲이 ‘곶자왈’이라는 용어로 새롭게 이름 붙여졌다. 곶자왈의 정의가 체계적으로 정리되어있지 않기 때문에 보전 및 관리에 문제점이 지적되기도 한다. 곶자왈 보전 및 관리를 위해 ‘곶자왈 보전 조례’에 관리 기준을 구체적으로 정하고 관련 제도를 정립해야 한다. 이를 위해 곶자왈 경제적 가치를 추정하는 곶자왈의 생태계서비스 측면에 대한 연구와 곶자왈용어 정의를 위한 분류체계가 필요하다.

계절에 따른 교래와 산양 곶자왈의 토양화학적 특성

고석형 ( Suk-hyung Ko ),김종식 ( Jong-shik Kim ),신창훈 ( Chang-hoon Shin ),현해남 ( Hae-nam Hyun ) 한국환경농학회 2016 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2016 No.-

According to Jeju Dialect Dictionary(Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, 1995), gotjawal is defined as a place where trees and vines are tangled like woods. The purpose of this study is to comprehend the chemical properties of the soil in Gyorae and Sanyang Gotjawal according to the season and analyze the diversity of the soil microbial. The Pyrosequencing analysis method was introduced, which is a recent analysis method for the study on the soil microbial diversity in Gotjawal and it``s being analyzed. For the soil samples, the 3 sampling sites, Gyorae, Sanyang Gotjawal and the control group, Seokgulam of Mt. Hallasan were selected and a total of 72 points were collected, 6 points for each season on each point. Soil chemical analysis were done in accordance with NIAST(1998). The average soil pH of the study area was in the range of 4.07~5.68. The soil pH in winter was lowest in Seokgulam of Mt. Hallasan and the soil pH was highest in autumn in Sanyang Gotjawal. The average electrical conductivity was in the range of 0.30~8.09 dS m-1 and there was a big difference between the sampling sites. Seokgulam, Gyorae and Aewol Gotjawal showed the electrical conductivity of 1.90, 5.22 and 4.14 dS m-1. The average organic matter contents were 227.7 and 251.9 g ㎏-1 in Gyorae and Sanyang Gotjawal, a similar tendency and it is higher than Seokgulam by 150.5 g kg-1. The total average nitrogen contents was in the range of 0.47~1.32% and Gyorae and Sanyang Gotjawal showed around 2 times higher content than Seokgulam. The average available phosphate concentrations were 55 and 43 mg ㎏-1 in Gyorae and Sanyang Gotjawal soil and contents were higher by around 2 times than Jeju region``s forest soil and that of control group, Seokgulam was lower by around 5~7 times than Gotjawal. The average exchangeable cation contents were in the range of K 0.12~0.90 c㏖c ㎏-1, Ca 0.79~28.86 c㏖c ㎏-1, Mg 0.04~6.73 c㏖c ㎏-1 and Na 0.11~0.52 c㏖c ㎏-1, respectively, with very higher contents except for control group. Gyorae and Sanyang Gotjawal were very higher than the exchangeable cation content of forest soil in Jeju region except for the exchangeable Na. The average Cation exchange capacity was in the range of 22.10~53.50 c㏖c ㎏-1, it showed very high vale of 30 c㏖c ㎏-1 in the study area. After, it is judged that a comprehensive and detailed result could be gained about Gotjawal ecology by performing systematic and long term analysis about these regions.

곶자왈 용어 정의를 위한 고찰

최수정(Choi, Su-Jung),현화자(Hyun, Hwa-Ja) 문학과환경학회 2018 문학과 환경 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구는 제주도와 관련된 문헌 검토를 통해 곶자왈이 정의되어진 과정과 그 의미를 밝히고자 한다. 또한 이를 통해 ‘곶자왈’ 개념이 지질학, 생태학 분야를 포괄하여 통합적인 관점에서 정의되어야 함을 논의하고자 한다. 곶자왈은 제주도의 탄생과 같이 시작되었지만 인간의 활동에 의해 지금의 모습을 갖추었다. 하지만 ‘곶자왈’이라는 단어는 최근에서야 만들어지고 정의되었다. 현재 곶자왈의 정의는 추상적이다. 제주도에 존재하는 곶자왈 모든 세부적인 특성을 다 반영하지 못하고 있다. 제주인들은 선조로부터 곶자왈에 대한 정보를 얻어 몸소 체득하였기 때문에 제주인들이 곶자왈을 어떻게 인식하고 이용하였는지는 그들이 남긴 기록을 통해 유추할 수 있다. 고문헌(古文獻)이나 고지도(古地圖)를 통해서 부분적으로 그 당시 곶자왈 지역의 지리적 개념과 곶자왈 지역의 변화를 확인할 수 있다. 곶자왈이 묘사되어 있는 4개의 문헌을 살펴본 결과,‘곶’과 ‘자왈’로 따로 불리어지던 숲이 ‘곶자왈’이라는 용어로 새롭게 이름 붙여졌다. 곶자왈의 정의가 체계적으로 정리되어있지 않기 때문에 보전 및 관리에 문제점이 지적되기도 한다. 곶자왈 보전 및 관리를 위해 ‘곶자왈 보전 조례’에 관리 기준을 구체적으로 정하고 관련 제도를 정립해야 한다. 이를 위해 곶자왈 경제적 가치를 추정하는 곶자왈의 생태계서비스 측면에 대한 연구와 곶자왈용어 정의를 위한 분류체계가 필요하다. This study is aimed to clarify the definition process and meaning of ‘Gotjawal’ through the literature review. In addiation, the concept of ‘Gotjawal’ should be discussed for its comprehensive perspective including geology and ecology. Gotjawal began as the birth of Jeju Islands, the current landscape of Gotjawal has been made by human activity. However, the term ‘Gotjawal’ was expressed and defined recently. The term of ‘Gotjawal’ is conceptual meaning now and does not consider all characteristics of Gotjawal distributed in Jeju Island. Since people in Jeju Island have learned Gotjawal from their ancestors, it can be inferred how the Jeju people perceive and utilize Gotjawal through historical records. According to ancient documents or maps, the geographical knowledge of Gotjawal area and the change of the area can be confirmed. As a result of examining the four documents that Gotjawal is described, the forest called ‘Got’ and ‘Jawal’ was renamed to ‘Gotjawal’. since the term of Gotjawal is not systematically defined it can cause many problems in terms of conservation and management. Thus, the details of ‘Gotjawal conservation ordinance’ and regulations should be established in order to conserve and manage Gotjawal. For this, it is necessary to research ecosystem service for estimating economic value of Gotjawal and to organize concepts for defining Gotjawal.

제주도 선흘곶자왈지역과 청수곶자왈지역 간 조류 출현 양상 비교

김은미 ( Eun Mi Kim ),최형순 ( Hyung Soon Choi ),강창완 ( Chang Wan Kang ),오미래 ( Mi Rea Oh ) 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.2

독특한 생태계를 가지고 있는 곶자왈지역을 보호하기 위해 동물의 서식처로서의 접근이 필요하다. 본 연구는 2013년 2월부터 2014년 12월까지 월 2회 조류조사를 실시하였고 제주도 서부에 위치한 한경-안덕곶 자왈지대에 속하는 제주특별자치도 제주시 한경면 청수리와 제주도 동부에 위치한 조천-함덕곶자왈지대에 속하는 제주시 조천읍 선흘리를 대상으로 하였다. 두곶자왈지역에서 총 66종 4,140개체가 관찰되었고 선흘곶자왈지역에서는 53종 1,907개체가, 청수곶자왈지역에서는 49종 2,233개체가 조사되었다. 두 곶자왈지 역간 종수는 통계적으로 차이가 없었으나, 개체수는 두 곶자왈지역간에 유의한 차이를 보였다. 두 지역간 공통종은 36종으로 유사도 지수는 0.7이었다. 계절적 출현형으로 살펴보면, 두 곶자왈지역에서 텃새는 23종, 겨울철새는 15종, 나그네새는 16종, 여름철새는 11종, 길잃은새 2종이었고 선흘곶자왈지역과 청수곶자 왈지역은 비슷한 양상을 나타냈다. 천연기념물과 멸종위기야생생물을 포함한 법정보호종은 12종이었고 선흘곶자왈지역에서는 8종이, 청수곶자왈지역에서 10종이 관찰되었다. 관찰된 조류 중 습지를 직접 이용하거나 수분과 관련된 먹이자원을 이용하는 종은 선흘 곶자왈지역은 12종, 청수곶자왈지역에서는 6종이 기록되었으며 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나지 않았다. 개체수에서는 선흘곶자왈지역에서 89개체가, 청수곶자왈지역에서는 30개체가 관련 종들이었으며 두 곳을 비교하였을 때 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 두 곶자왈지역간의 출현종 차이의 원인을 밝히기 위해 곶자왈 숲 내 형성된 습지 및 미세기후에 대한 연구가 필요하며 곶자왈지역 보전을 위한 방안 마련시 두 곶자왈 지역의 차이를 반영할 수 있어야 한다고 판단된다. Gotjawal areas have the unique ecosystem and we need to approach as the inhabit of animals to conserve Gotjawal. This study was conducted in Hangyeong-myeon Cheongsu-ri located in the western part of Jeju Island belonging to Hangyeong·Andeok Gotjawal Zone and Jocheon-eup Seonheul-ri located in the eastern part of Jeju Island belonging to Jocheon·Hamdeok Gotjawal Zone. Survey on advent of the birds was done twice a month from February 2013 to December 2014. A total of 66 species and 4,140 individuals in two Gotjawals were observed during the survey period. In Seonheul Gotjawal area, 53 species and 1,907 individuals were observed while it was 49 species and 2,233 individuals in Cheongsu Gotjawal area. The number of species between two Gotjawal areas was not significantly different, but the number of individuals between two Gotjawal areas was significantly different. Thirtysix species were found in both Gotjawal areas as common species and the index of similarity was 0.7. A total of 23 species were classified as the residents, 15 species as the winter visitors, 16 species as the passage migrants, 11 species as the summer visitors, and 2 species as the vagrant. Twelve species as legally protected birds including the natural monument and the endangered species were found and 8 species were found in Seonheul Gotjawal area while it was 10 species in Cheongsu Gotjawal area. Thespecies that directly using a wetland or food resources related to water were 12 in the Seonheul and 6 species were observed in the Cheongsu Gotjawal area, but there is no significant difference between two Gotjawal areas. However, the number of individuals in Seonheul Gotjawal area was significantly higher than in that of in Cheongsu Gotjawal area. We need to research the wetlands and micro climatic condition existing in Gotjawal forests to find the cause of difference of two areas and this difference must be considered as an important indicator for the protection of Gotjawal forests.

곶자왈의 과거, 현재 그리고 미래 -곶자왈의 존재방식에 대한 물음과 제언-

정광중 ( Kwang-joong Jeong ) 한국사진지리학회 2015 한국사진지리학회지 Vol.25 No.3

제주 곶자왈의 현실적인 문제 인식을 바탕으로, 본 연구에서 논의된 앞으로의 보전과 활용을 위한 대응전략을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째로, 곶자왈은 제주도민들이 당연히 지켜야 할 대상으로, 곶자왈의 무궁무진한 미래 자산적 가치와 제주 섬에서 살아갈 후세대를 위하여 반드시 보전되어야만 한다. 따라서 제주도민들에게는 곶자왈을 보전하기 위한 수준 높은 시민의식이 요구된다. 두 번째로, 곶자왈의 보전은 ‘지금 이 순간부터’라는 대응전략이 필요하다. 곶자왈은 해를 거듭할수록 엄청난 면적의 파괴가 진행되고 있음을 인식해야만 한다. 그리고 곶자왈 보전의 대상지역은 주민들이 거주하는 ‘마을 주변의 곶자왈’부터 설정하여 접근하거나 혹은 현시점에서 ‘남아있는 곶자왈’ 모두를 설정하려는 전제가 필요하다. 세 번째로, 앞으로는 곶자왈을 구성하는 자연요소와 인문(문화)요소를 잘 보전하고,또 미래에는 가능한 범위 내에서 그것들을 효율적으로 활용하려는 목적의식이 분명이 전제되어야 한다. 궁극적으로 곶자왈을 구성하는 자연요소와 인문요소는 곶자왈을 빛나게 하는 자연자원이자 인문자원이라는 사실을 잊어서는 곤란하다. 네 번째로, 곶자왈을 보전하고 활용하는 구체적인 방안은 국립공원이나 생물권보전지역으로의 지정, 또는 현재의 곶자왈도립공원의 확대 지정 등을 예로 들 수 있다. 그러나 더욱 중요한 것은 곶자왈의 가치와 중요성을 전제로 미래 세대를 위한 최적의 보전과 활용 방안이 무엇인지, 제주도민들의 합의를 통해 결정하는 방안이다. This study summarizes the strategies for the future preservation and use of Jeju’s Gotjawal, which were discussed in this study based on the awareness of realistic problems as follows. First, Gotjawal is a subject that absolutely must be protected by Jeju residents, and preserved for its infinite future value as an asset as well as for the future generations that will live in Jeju. Thus, Jeju residents need a high level of civic consciousness to preserve Gotjawal. Second, there is a need to adopt a ‘starting from this moment’ strategy to preserve Gotjawal. It is necessary to recognize that Gotjawal is undergoing a significant amount of destruction every year. Moreover, the target areas for the preservation of Gotjawal at this point must be set as ‘Gotjawal around a village’ where the residents live, or all of the ‘remaining Gotjawal.’ Third, there must be a clear sense of purpose to well preserve the natural elements and humanistic (cultural) elements that form Gotjawal, and to use them as efficiently as possible in the future. One must not forget that the natural and humanistic elements of Gotjawal are ultimately the natural and humanistic resources that give Gotjawal vitality. Fourth, a specific method to preserve and use Gotjawal might be to designate it as a national park or biosphere reserve, or to expand the scope of the current Gotjawal Park. However, what is more important is to decide the optimum methods to preserve and use Gotjawal for future generations based on its value and importance, with the consent of Jeju residents.

제주 곶자왈 역사・문화자원의 보존가치 추정: 제주도민을 대상으로

전철현,강성혁,김찬수,이성연 한국환경정책학회 2017 環境政策 Vol.25 No.4

제주도 곶자왈은 제주도에만 분포되어 있는 독특한 산림생태계로 청동기시대~1950년대까지의 오랜 역사와 주거, 농경, 신앙 등 다양한 역사・문화자원을 지니고 있다, 본 연구의 목적은 제주도 곶자왈 방문경험이 있는 제주도민을 대상으로 비시장가치평가법인 이중양분선택형 조건부가치평가법(double bounded contingent valuation)을 적용하여, 곶자왈 역사・문화자원의 보존가치(편익)를 경제적으로 추정하는데 있다. 곶자왈 역사・문화자원 보존편익의 경제적 평가를 위하여 제주도민을 대상으로 곶자왈 탐방객의 방문횟수, 방문만족도, 이용경험, 인지도, 지불의사 및 지불거부 이유 등에 대해 2016년 9월 24 일~10월 1일까지 1,000부를 설문전문기관인 미래리서치에서 실시하였다. 그 결과 곶자왈 탐방객의 75% 이상이 2번 이상 방문한 경험이 있으며, 82% 이상이 ‘산책/휴식(명상)의 목적으로 방문하였으며, 곶자왈역사・문화자원 보존이 후생증대에 크게 기여하는 것으로 응답하였다. 반면에 곶자왈 탐방객의 14%만이‘곶자왈 역사・문화유적’을 견학하기 위해서 방문하는 것으로 응답하였으며, 곶자왈의 이용가치에 22%, 존재가치에 17%, 상속가치에 43%, 선택가치에 18%를 각각 배분하는 것으로 응답하였다. 곶자왈 역사・ 문화자원 보존편익의 경제적 가치를 살펴보면, 지불의사액 모형으로부터 도출된 지불의사액(중앙값)은3,157.02원/방문/인으로 서순복(2010)의 2,198.90원의 보다 높고, 임상오・신철오(2013)의 산수실경에 대한 평균 지불의사액 7,506.9원보다는 낮은 수준이다. 추정된 지불의사액을 토대로 제주지역 전체의편익을 산출해 보면 2017년 기준의 가구 규모인 266,972가구로 환산하는 경우 연간 약 5.59억원(지불의사액 3,157.02원×266,972가구×6.63회/년)이다. 이러한 연구 결과는 곶자왈 역사・문화자원의 보존을위한 기초로 자료로 활용가능하며, 추정된 지불의사액은 곶자왈의 관리비용을 위한 기금 및 입장료의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다. 다만, 제주도민의 경우 곶자왈을 역사・문화자원의 중요성보다는 휴양, 산책의 목적으로 대부분이 활용・인식하고 있다는데 한계가 있다. 이러한 차원에서 곶자왈 산림생태역사문화박물관건립을 통해 제주도민과 방문객들에게 곶자왈 생태・역사・문화를 적극적으로 홍보할 필요가 있다. Gotjawal only in Jeju represents a very exotic forest ecosystem and a long and various agricultural and historical resources such as dwelling, agriculture, and religious faith place from the Bronze age to the 1950s. The purpose of this research is to estimate the willingness to pay (WTP) for preservation and analyze visitors’ behavior around the historical and cultural resources of Gotjawal forest in Jeju using double bounded contingent valuation. To calculate the economic value of the preservation of historical and cultural resources in Gotjawal Forest, a survey of 1,000 Jeju citizens was conducted by Mirae Research from Sep. 24th to Oct. 1st 2016, to collect data on the frequency, satisfaction and purposes of their visits, as well as recognition and WTP. The results showed that 75% of respondents had visited Gotjawal more than twice and 82% visited for the purpose of ‘walking and resting (meditation)’ in the forest. Although the data also showed that the preservation of Gotjawal’s historical and cultural resources has contributed significantly to welfare improvement, only 14% of respondents said that they visited Gotjawal to see the ‘historical and cultural resources’ there. The benefits of the preservation of Gotjawal Forest cultural and historical resources was estimated at a WTP of ￦3,157 per visit per person, relatively higher than the ￦2,198.90 estimated by Seo (2010) and lower than the ￦7,506.9 estimated by Lim & Shin (2013). The total WTP is calculated to be ￦5.59billion (￦3,157/person /visit×266,972 households×6.63 visits/year). These findings can be used as a basis for the preservation of Gotjawal’s historical and cultural resources, but there is a limitation: although residents are well aware of Gotjawal Forest as a site for recreation and walking, they have little awareness of the importance of its historical and cultural resources. In addition, the estimated WTP can be used as the basis for calculating funding and admission fees to cover maintenance expenses. The creation of a Gotjawal Forest Cultural Museum (GFCM) should be considered as an appropriate means of promoting the importance of the varied cultural sites and long history of Gotjawal Forest.

A Study on the Establishment of a virtuous cycle of donation using NFT auction to promote Gotjawal's sharing

박종명,고혜영,황경수 세계섬학회 2022 World Environment and Island Studies Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study is to introduce a non-fungible token(NFT) for the protection of Gotjawal, and to propose a virtuous cycle of re-donation to a donation organization for the main goal and protection through the auction process. The Gotjawal Trust of Jeju is active in Jeju Island. It started with a problem consciousness to link the NFT to the movement of the Gotjawal Gong Yoo Fire Foundation. It proposed requirements for successful application of NFT to Gotjawal sharing. First, there is a need for a convincing story about why the Gotjawal Shared Fire Foundation entered the NFT market. Second, it is necessary to examine whether there is a reputation of the Gotjawal Gong Yoo Fire Foundation that can be solved by NFT. Third, it is important to develop and promote logic that can guarantee the "future value will continue or increase" of the Gotjawal Shared Foundation NFT. The effects of applying NFT to the protection of Gotjawal are as follows. Securing the reliability of the Gotjawal Foundation Movement, adding the concept of investment to donations, continuing activation of donations through a virtuous cycle structure, connecting donations to ownership, and digitalizing donation certificates to secure objectivity of certification.

제주 용암숲 곶자왈의 토양세균다양성과 생물계면활성제 생산 미생물 스크리닝 전략

김종식 ( Jong Shik Kim ),진선영 ( Seonyeong Jin ),김대신 ( Dae Shin Kim ),고석형 ( Suk Hyung Ko ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2013 No.-

Our goal was to increase the general understanding of microbial diversity in the soil environment of a Gotjawal forest. The Gotjawal forests are unique within the primitive ecology of the mountainous areas of Jeju Island and are the richest biota shelter sites from urbanization. Gotjawla in Jeju Island covers 6% of the landmass. The forest is crucial for recharging the only source of water for Jeju`s half-million population, and also nurses a unique flora and fauna, including some endangered species and others endemic to the island. We phylogenetically analyzed bacteria collected from the soil of Gyorae Gotjawal forest. Using domain-specific primers, a region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified using PCR, and the product was subsequently used to create a clone library. A total of 142 bacteria were identified. The 142 bacteria clones were affiliated with the following groups: Acidobacteria(13 clones), Actinobacteria (28), Proteobacteria (80), Chloroflexi (3), Bacilli (1), Cyanobacteria(3), and Planctomycetes(2). Within the class Proteobacteria, 56 of 80 clones were tentatively identified as 12 unclassified genera. Several new genera and a family were discovered within the Actinobacteria (25) clones. In addition to bacterial clone analysis, culture-based surveys of bacteria members were conducted on soil samples from Gyorae Gotjawal and Sanyang Gotjawal. Three different bacteria, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Chryseobacterium member at Gyorae Gotjawal and only Bacillus at Sanyang Gotjawal were most abundant from cultured bacteria. One strategy to screen the phenotype potential of biosurfactant-producing bacteria that predominate in the environment of Gotjawal soil is to apply drop-collapse method involved in measuring activity of bacterial culture. Culture positive by the drop-collapse method would constitute cultures that produce biosurfactants and more fine scale comparison of biosurfactant producing capacityis in progress. Bacterial diversity of the Gotjawal soil may be very high than any other samples and further study is necessary to elucidate what are the main factor ssustaining the forest including biosurfactants producing microorganisms.

제주 산양곶자왈의 생태지리학적 묘사

이연제 ( Yun-jae Yi ),김대신 ( Dae-shin Kim ),고석형 ( Suk-hyung Ko ),김종식 ( Jong-shik Kim ) 한국환경농학회 2022 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2022 No.-

Gotjawal is an area formed by past volcanic activity on Jeju Island. It is characterized by the development of an uneven topography due to freezing, weathering, and the collapse of surface lava flows over a long period of time. Sanyang (SY) Gotjawal, located in the western part of Jeju Island, is the most well-developed Gotjawal, with uneven topography caused by numerous collapses of lava flows. The base topography of SY Gotjawal consists of large and small rock masses, so its soil development is very poor; however, it has constant high humidity and thus high biodiversity. Despite its ecogeological importance, Gotjawal forest is threatened by human activities, and conservation is needed. The photograph is one of the easiest ways to record nature’s characteristics and convey an appreciation of nature. However, forest vegetation hides geological features in photographs, so we chose illustration as an alternative method to describe the Gotjawal’s features. We first took photographs at SY Gotjawal, western Jeju Island, and also utilized additional information about its vegetation and geological features. We used Clip Studio 1.12.0 to illustrate the natural features. To reveal the complexity of the Gotjawal, we separated plant and geological parts in the illustration. We drew a cross section of its unique soil layer, including lava flows. In addition to geological sketches, we also described the vegetation and soil chemical characteristics in SY Gotjawal.

Community Analysis of the Moths in the Gotjawal Terrains of Jeju Island, Korea

Yang, Kyoung-Sik,Kim, Sang-Bum,Kim, Seong-Yoon,Lee, Ga-Eun,Kim, Won-Taek The Ecological Society of Korea 2006 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.29 No.4

Collection of moths in four Gotjawal terrains of Jeju Island was conducted using black light trap, beginning July through September 2005. The insects investigated were classified into 146 species, 15 families and 7 superfamilies, and Noctuoidea appeared to have accounted for 41.1%, or 60 species, which was the largest number among them, followed by Geometroidea. Ercheia niveostrigata was found to have been the dominant species over the entire area. The diversity index showed the highest at Aewol Gotjawal and the lowest at Hangyeong-Andeog Gotjawal. Aewol Gotjawal formed a cluster with Gujwa- Sungsan Gotjawal at the lowest chord distance (0.75). At the higher chord distance of 0.82, Jocheon- Hamdeog Gotjawal fused the cluster of Aewol Gotjawal and Gujwa-Sungsan Gotjawal. Hangyeong-Andeog Gotjawal fused with the rest three terrains, forming a single cluster at the highest chord distance of 0.89.