니코틴 의존도 평가검사로서 Heavy Smoking Index (HSI)의 유용성

이성기,김경래,최재경,조희경,조동영,권혁중,임대준,모현희,도현희,오승원,임열리 대한가정의학회 2008 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.29 No.6

The Usefulness of Heavy Smoking Index as a Test for Nicotine DependenceSung Ki Lee, M.D., Hyuk Jung Kweon, M.D., Dae Jun Lim, M.D.*, Kyong Rae Kim, M.D.**, Hyun Hee Mo, M.D.***, Hyun Jin Do, M.D., Seung Won Oh, M.D., Youl Lee Lym, M.D., Jae Kyung Choi, M.D., Hee Kyung Joh, M.D., Dong Yung Cho, M.D. Background: The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a widely used six-item questionnaire. Its completion require a few minutes, but such time may be too much for busy clinicians and large epidemiologic surveys. The goals of this study was to compare the sensitivity and the specificity of Heavy Smoking Index (HSI) of high nicotine dependence. Methods: The FTND was administered to 943 current smokers from a smoking-cessation clinic in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul. The HSI which combines two items of the FTND (the number of cigarettes per day and the time of the first cigarette of the day) was compared to the FTND. We measured cigarette per day, duration of smoking, and age of smoking initiation. Results: A cutoff score equal or greater than 4 on the HSI detected a similar rate of nicotine dependence as a cutoff score equal or greater than 6 on the FTND. The HSI showed a sensitivity of 88.0% and a specificity of 86.5%. The concordance between the two instruments was high (kappa= 0.74). Conclusion: The HSI was proven to be very useful. If HSI had a proper validity, the HSI can be a good standard of high nicotine dependence for busy clinician and epidemiologists. (J Korean Acad Fam Med 2008;29:405-411) 연구배경: 니코틴 의존도를 평가하는데 널리 이용되는 Fagerstrom의 니코틴 의존도 설문지(Fagerstrom test of nicotine dependence, FTND)는 6개 설문으로 이루어져 있어, 외래환자나 대규모 역학조사 등에 일상적으로 적용하기엔 어려운 점이 있었다. 이에 FTND의 두 가지 설문항목으로 이루어진 Heavy smoking index (HSI)의 유용성과 흡연 관련인자와의 상관관계에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 일개 보건소의 금연클리닉을 등록한 943명의 성인흡연자를 대상으로 하였다. FTND 한국어판 설문지를 이용하여 니코틴 의존도를 조사하고, FTND의 두가지 설문문항(하루 중 첫 담배를 피우는 시간, 하루 중 흡연량)으로 이루어진 HSI의 민감도, 특이도, FTND와의 일치도를 구하였다. 하루 중 평균 흡연량, 총 흡연기간, 첫 흡연시작시기를 조사하여 상관관계를 알아보았다. 결과: FTND 총점 6점 이상을 기준으로, HSI 4점 이상인 경우 두 측정방식 사이의 일치도는 높았다(kappa=0.74). HSI의 민감도는 88.0%이고 특이도는 86.5%였다. 결론: HSI의 유용성은 높았고, 타당도가 검증되면 외래진료에서 간편하고 비교적 정확하게 니코틴 의존도를 예측할 수 있는 척도로서 활용될 수 있다.

흡연 대학생의 음주수준과 니코틴 의존도 간의 관련성

이주열 알코올과 건강행동학회 2013 알코올과 건강행동연구 Vol.14 No.2

Objectives: This study examined the relationship between drinking level and nicotine dependence to provide useful information for health promotion programs. Methods: The participants were 308 university students who were using alcohol and cigarettes concurrently.Drinkinglevelwasmeasured by the AUDIT and nicotine dependence was measured by the FTND. The statistical methods used for data analysis were descriptive statistics, t-test, F-test, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: First, drinking level, nicotine dependence, and stress are significantly highly associated. Specifically, nicotine dependence and stress were correlated with drinking level. Second, multiple linear regression analysis showed that drinking level had a strong causality on nicotine dependence. Conclusion: This study found that drinking level had a greater effect on nicotine dependence. Alcohol drinking is likely to be the cause of smoking, and alcohol prevention will be more important than smoking in health promotion programs for university students.

작은 화면에서의 인터넷 작업을 위한 효율적인 화면이동방법 제안 및 사용성 평가

최은정,권성혁,정민근 대한산업공학회 2009 산업공학 Vol.22 No.4

Panning tasks caused by both a small screen and the lower resolution of handheld devices are known to decrease the usability of a mobile internet service. To solve this problem, we proposed FTND, an improved version of Tap-N-Drag widely used in various mobile web browsers. 30 participants performed the panning tasks with FTND embedded in combinations of 2 panning directions of Push Background user interface and Push Viewpoint user interface and 5 panning ratios of 100% (a panning ratio of Tap-N-Drag), 300%, 500%, 700%, and 900%. The usability of FTND was assessed by an objective performance and a subjective preference. The objective performance was measured by a task completion time, the number of clicks, and the number of pixels. The subjective preference was measured by satisfaction, accuracy and ease of use. Push Viewpoint user interface at the panning ratios of 300%, 500%, and 700% proved to be the most efficient way for panning tasks with small handheld devices when performing the task by using the right hand thumb.

니코틴 의존도에 따른 양생 실천 수준에 대한 조사 연구

강희철 ( Hee Chul Kang ) 대한한방신경정신과학회 2013 동의신경정신과학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the practice level of Yangseng according to nicotine dependence. Methods: The subjects of this study were 137 male smokers in their thirties and forties, who visited Wonmi Public Health Center. They were evaluated with Fagerstorm`s test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and Tool in Measuring Yangseng (TMY). By FTND score, they were divided into three groups; the mild nicotine dependent group, moderate group and severe group. Results: In TMY score, there were statistically significant differences in the characteristics of Diet, Activity & Rest, Sleep and total score among the three groups. The value of FTND comparing the values of Mind, Diet, Activity & Rest, Sleep and total score in this study resulted in negative correlations, which showed statistical significance. Conclusions: The above results suggest that there are significant relations between nicotine dependence and the practice level of Yangseng. These results can be used for planning a smoking cessation program and a Yangseng health promotion program based on Korean traditional medicine.

한국어판 Cigarette Dependence Scale-12(CDS-12)의 신뢰도와 타당도 연구

박채연(Chae-Yeon Park),안준호(Joon-Ho Ahn),방수영(Sooyoung Bang),최삼욱(Sam-Wook Choi) 한국중독정신의학회 2010 중독정신의학 Vol.14 No.1

Objectives:This study aimed to assess the reliability and val-idity of the Korean version of the Cigarette Dependence Scale-12 (CDS-12). Methods:Participants were 189 male and 8 female smokers from a public health center. We administered the Korean Version of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the CDS-12, and two shorter versions of the same measures [the CDS-5 and the Heavy Smoking Index (HIS)] to the participants, who started smoking cessation attempts after this initial assessment. At their first visit, we measured the participants’ carbon monoxide (CO), and participants revealed their cessation state through self-report at four weeks, six weeks, and six months. Results:Cronbach’s alpha, which indicates internal reliability, was 0.889 for the CDS-12 and 0.741 for the CDS-5. Split-half reliability was 0.882 for the CDS-12 and 0.650 for the CDS-5. The Pearson correlation coefficients, indicating the relationships between the FTND and either the CDS-12 or the CDS-5, were 0.675 and 0.746, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients between the HSI and the CDS-12 or the CDS-5 were 0.662 and 0.756, respectively. The CDS-12 score at baseline predicted smoking cessation after 4 weeks. Conclusion:The CDS-12 is a valid and reliable measure of nicotine dependence.

작은 화면에서의 인터넷 작업을 위한 효율적인 화면이동방법 제안 및 성능 평가

최은정,정민근 대한산업공학회 2008 대한산업공학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.11

휴대단말기의 제한된 화면과 웹사이트 정보공간의 크기차이로 인해 발생하는 다수의 화면이동은 무선인터넷의 사용성을 떨어뜨리는 주요 장애요소이다. 본 연구는 다양한 모바일 웹브라우저에서 쓰이고 있는 탭앤드래그(Tap-N-Drag) 방식을 개선한 FTND (Fast Tap-N-Drag) 방식을 제안함으로써 이를 해결하고자 하였다. 본 연구에 참여한 총 30명의 실험참여자는 2가지 정보공간의 이동방향(Push Background, Push Viewpoint)과 5가지 이동비율(기존 탭앤드래그의 이동비율: 100%, 새롭게 고안된 이동비율: 300%, 500%, 700%, 900%)의 조합으로 만들어진 실험조건에 대하여 화면이동작업(panning)을 수행하였다. 실험조건 별 객관적 수행도로 수행완료시간, 클릭 수, 이동거리를 측정하였고, 주관적 만족도로는 전반적 만족도, 용이성, 정확도를 평가하였다. 실험결과, 전반적으로 Push Viewpoint의 작업수행도와 정확도가 Push Background에 비해 높았고, 이동방향과 상관없이 이동비율이 300%, 500%, 700%일 때 가장 효율적인 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 100% 조건에서 두 이동방향사이의 수행완료시간과 클릭 수 차이는 유의하지 않았다.

경남지역 일부 남자대학생의 문제음주에 영향을 미치는 요인

서은희 ( Eunhee Seo ) 한국식품영양학회 2017 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.30 No.5

This study investigated the factors affecting problematic drinking amongst the male university students of the Changwon area (n=367). The participants were divided into 3 groups, and undertook the self-report questionnaire survey. Based on the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) guidelines, problematic drinking were rated as ‘no problem’ (28.8%), ‘at-risk drinking’ (41.7%), and ‘alcohol abuse’ (29.5%). Our study revealed that students living alone, indulged in more club activities, and drank more than 3 cans of carbonated drinks a day; this was significantly high on the AUDIT score (p<0.05). Participation in education was significantly higher (p<0.05), but intention to reduce the monthly alcohol consumption was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the alcohol abuse group. Recognition level of drinking cultures, drinking habits, AUDIT, and nicotine dependence were significantly higher in the alcohol abuse group (p<0.001). Recognition level of drinking cultures and nicotine dependence by the FTND (Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence) positively correlated with problematic drinking, whereas dietary guidelines and self-esteem showed a negative correlation with problematic drinking (p<0.05). Based on the results of multiple linear regression analysis, the factors affecting problematic drinking were recognition level of drinking cultures (β=0.47, p<0.001) and nicotine dependence (β=0.23, p<0.001). We conclude that implementation of health education for university students, would aid in rectifying the incorrect perception of drinking. Furthermore, both drinking and smoking should be considered simultaneously.

Association between nicotine dependency with occupational injury in Korean men

Sung Wook Jang,Hwan-Cheol Kim,Ji Ho Kim,Min Sun Kim,Youna Won,Hyeonwoo Ju,Hyung Doo Kim,Go Choi,Shin-Goo Park,Jong-Han Leem 대한직업환경의학회 2021 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.33 No.3