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      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        Enhancing the Enzymatic Activity of the Multifunctional β-Glycosyl Hydrolase (Cel44C-Man26A<sub>P558</sub>) from Paenibacillus polymyxa GS01 Using DNA Shuffling

        강영민,강태호,윤한대,조계만,Kang, Young-Min,Kang, Tae-Ho,Yun, Han-Dae,Cho, Kye-Man The Microbiological Society of Korea 2012 미생물학회지 Vol.48 No.2

        본 연구자들은 이전에 cellulase, xyalnase 및 lichenase의 다기능 효소활성을 지니는 절단된 Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$의 ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase를 보고하였다. 본 연구에서는 절단된 Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ 효소의 다기능성 ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase 활성을 증가시키기 위해 DNA shuffling을 시도하였다. DNA shuffling에 의해 단일변이(P438A)를 가진 M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$와 이중변이(A273T 및 P438A)를 가진 M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$를 얻었다. 이중변이를 가진 M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$은 단일변이를 가진 M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ 보다 효소활성이 낮게 나타났으나, M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$와 M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$은 대조구인 Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ 보다 약 1.3에서 2.2배 정도 높은 효소활성을 나타내었다. 특히, 단일변이를 가진 M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$는 대조구인 Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$보다 cellulase, xylanase 및 lichenase 효소활성이 약 1.5에서 2.2배 정도 높게 나타났다. ${\beta}$-Glycosyl hydrolase의 cellulase, linchenase 및 xylanase 최적 효소활성은 각각 pH 7.0, 7.0 및 6.0에서 이었다. 이러한 결과는, 아미노산 잔기인 Ala438이 다기능성 ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase 활성을 증가시키는 중요한 역할을 한다고 추정할 수 있다. We previously reported that the truncated Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase protein exhibits multifunctional activities, including cellulase, xylanase, and lichenase. DNA shuffling of the truncated Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ enzyme was performed to enhance the enzymatic activity of the multifunctional ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase. Two mutant enzymes, M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ that carries one mutation (P438A) and M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ that carries two mutations (A273T and P438A) were obtained. The enzymatic activity of the M21Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ double mutant was lower than enzymatic activity of the single mutant (M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$). However, both mutants displayed the enhancements in their enzyme activities that were ${\approx}1.3$- to 2.2-fold higher than the original enzymatic activity in Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$. In particular, the mutant M2Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$ exhibited an approximate 1.5- to 2.2-fold increase in the cellulase, xylanase, and lichenase activities in comparison with the control (Cel44C-$Man26A_{P558}$). The optimum cellulase, linchenase, and xylanase activities of ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase were observed at pH 7.0, pH 7.0 and pH 6.0, respectively. These results, therefore, suggest that the amino acid residue Ala438 plays important roles in the enhancement of the activity of multifunctional ${\beta}$-glycosyl hydrolase.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        위암의 연령에 따른 차이

        김영재(Young Jae Kim),이영철(Young Chul Rhee),이만길(man Kill Lee),차호(Ho Cha),정영채(Young Chae Jung) 대한소화기학회 1987 대한소화기학회지 Vol.19 No.1

        N/A Comparative analytic review on clinical, endoscopic and histopathological findings was done in 13 cases of young age (under 29), 446 cases of mid age (30~69) and 39 cases of old age (above 70) stomach cancer who were visited Department of Internal Medicine of Masan Koryo General Hospital from March 1981 to July 1985. The following results were obtained: The peak of age incidence was the 5th decade amounting to 36.8%. The ratio between male and female was 2.6:1. The main chief complaint of each group was epigastric pain and it was followed by epigastric fullness. The most patient had the duration of symptom from 3 months to 6 months. For old-age group, mid-age group, major site of lesion in the antrum, meanwhile body for young-age group. The most frequent type of gastric cancer was type III in each group by Borrmanns classification. For each group, adenocarcinoma was major cases in the view of histopathological findings, and incidence of well differentiated type adenocarcinoma were lower in young-age group than others.

      • 밝은社會運動의 時代的 當爲性과 基本精神

        朴淳永,申大淳,趙萬濟 慶熙大學校 1983 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

        The tasks of today's human society are 1) to preserve nature, 2) to create the sound social climate, 3) to construct human rehabitation and 4) to materialize the world peace with the human family spirit. The Bright Society Movement, acting up to such historical needs, is extending worldwidely. Following are the necessities of the times; 1) the population increase, the excessive urbanization and industrialization cause pollution to break the things of nature and to further intimidate human life. For that reason, the world-wide movement is urgently needed to protect the nature and revive her functions. 2) Materials are the necessary condition for man's life; nevertheless, the tendency spreads around the world to value more seriously materials than man. Machines and tools must be utilized for only man's convenience. It is our present mission to enhance human value and construct a society which is good to live. 3) As for human relationship, humanity and familiarity among neighbors grow more sterile. Recovering humanity in our society, we'll have to lead an intimate life with out neighbors as if a family, and all human beings ought to keep good relations one another under the awareness that we are all brothers. Since the world is becoming a global community, people in this community can not help co-operating one another. 4) The gradual increase of the number of modern people who take the passive and negative attitude in life, and antagonism between individuals, groups, races, and nations which most frequently results in war; these phenomena are typical of modern society. We should make every effort to induce people to take an active, positive attitude and cast away such antagonism. 5) Individualism and egoism for common prosperity. The solution is to place great emphasis collaboration and the basis for modern society are the main factors to destroy the social collaboration and the basis for common prosperity. The solution is to place great emphasis upon human education so as to make the habit of servicespirit. The Bright Society Movement, in accordance with these historical and social demands, takes as its motto Good will, Cooperation and Service―Contribution. 1. Good Will The spirit of Good Will is not only the native love made between friendly persons but the mental basis for human life. First, filial piety is the most important in the life of Good Will. Only a man, who is dutiful to his parents, can be a leader and do his best for society. Second, Good Will is beautiful love between husband and wife. For it is next to impossible without beautiful love to become the most intimate couple from two strangers. Third, Good Will is the love between parents and children. It is true love without any condition. Forth, Good Will is spirit of keeping friendly contact with neighbors. Such spirit is to help mutually, feel grateful, and live loving neighbors as if relatives. 2. Cooperation Cooperation is an essential principle to form human society. All beings in the universe keep inter-relation through the organic cooperative system with their environments. Man can yield greater results by mean of cooperation. A family can be happy when they collaborate one another; every member of a society is able to achieve their aims through their mutual cooperation. The Bright Society Club can construct human cooperative society as well, when it is possible to create the systematic cooperative relationship between unit clubs, federations, regional centres, national centres, and international centre. 3. Service-Contribution Service is man's natural behavior to contribute himself and the development of human beings. Everything with me is what is obtained from others, not what I produce by myself. Service means to reward everyone for what I have received. The society which consists of those who are willing to service each other; only that society can provide for proper opportunity to be compensated. Fruitful life does not lie in good health and materials. Really valuable Life is with helping others. Life, filled with Good Will, Cooperation, and Service-Contribution, must grow into a habit of everyman so as to be a guiding principle in his life. Now, the basic directions of unit club for the Bright Society Movement are as follows; 1. Leading role of unit clubs; Centering around unit clubs, Bright Society Movement is expanded. 2. Systematic relations of club structure; each unit club keeps organic relationship mutually. 3. Regional and functional unit clubs; unit clubs are formed on the basis of pecularities of regions or functions. When all human beings understand the historical and social missions and participate in the Bright Society Movement positively, we'll be able to creat earlier human cooperative society which is good to live.

      • KCI등재

        태권도 앞굽이 몸통반대지르기를 통한 고령자의 건각도의 유효성 분석

        김기만(Ki Man Kim),배영상(Young Sang Bae) 한국발육발달학회 2009 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.17 No.4

        The purpose of this study was to identify effectiveness of Taekwondo Apkubi Momtong Bandae Jireugi (AMBJ) as diagnostic method of health related to muscle level of older men. To accomplish the purpose, relationship between a 3 stride of AMBJ distance and a cross section area of psoas major muscle were analyze. By using random sampling, 10 older men were sampled as subject who participate Gate-ball club in S-Gu, D-metropolitan city. Analysis of relation between the 3 stride of AMBJ and psoas major muscle scale recorded by MRI of older men were executed. Results of the analysis could be summarized as the following. 1) In the case of older men, the male who has much muscle weight and large thigh girth has big cross section area of psoas major muscle. 2) Relation among 3 stride of AMBJ, muscle weight(r=.822, p<.01), and thigh girth(r=.720, p<.05) especially, cross section area of psoas major muscle presented very high correlation(r=.91, p<.001). 3) Based on the analysis, measurement result of the 3 stride of Taekwondo Apkubi Momtong Bandae Jireugi was very effective diagnostic method to assume for health related to muscle strength level and all the muscular strength level of older men.

      • " The Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering " 게재 논문 요약 : Processabilities & Mechanical Properties of the Biodegradable LDPE / Modified Starch Blends

        Young Jin Kim,Yong Man Lee,Hyang Mok Lee,O Ok Park 한국화학공학회 1994 NICE Vol.12 No.5

        N/A An investigation of the biodegradable polymers based on starch has been accomplished. Starch needs to be modified before blending with low density polyethylene(LDPE) because of its hydrophilicity. Three kinds of modification methods were applied to obtain the compatibility to starch-LDPE blends. The first one was the esterification of the hydroxyl group of starch with acetic anhydride. The second was the copolymerization of actylonitrile and styrene onto starch. The last was the esterification reaction of the hydroxyl group of starch with three kinds of ionomers. The tensile strength, % elongation, Young`s modulus, and shear viscosities of blends of the modified starch and LDPE were examined. Ionomer-treated starch showed better compatibility with LDPE to give better performances than other blends.

      • Processabilities & Mechanical Properties of the Biodegradable LDPE / Modified Starch Blends

        Young Jin Kim,Yong Man Lee,Hyang Mok Lee,O Ok Park 한국화학공학회 1994 화학공업과 기술 Vol.12 No.5

        N/A An investigation of the biodegradable polymers based on starch has been accomplished. Starch needs to be modified before blending with low density polyethylene(LDPE) because of its hydrophilicity. Three kinds of modification methods were applied to obtain the compatibility to starch-LDPE blends. The first one was the esterification of the hydroxyl group of starch with acetic anhydride. The second was the copolymerization of actylonitrile and styrene onto starch. The last was the esterification reaction of the hydroxyl group of starch with three kinds of ionomers. The tensile strength, % elongation, Young`s modulus, and shear viscosities of blends of the modified starch and LDPE were examined. Ionomer-treated starch showed better compatibility with LDPE to give better performances than other blends.

      • KCI등재

        “천국” 에서 허버트의 침묵

        김영만 ( Young-man Kim ) 대한영어영문학회 1997 영어영문학연구 Vol.23 No.1

        The aim of this paper is to study one aspect of Herbert’s art the used silence presented in his poem “Heaven”. In his poetry, in the relationship between God and man, there are many conflicts but in the end resolutions. The closing poem “Love (3) ” has received a great deal of attention for the exquisitely subdued way in which it details man's final union with God. But the second closing poem “Heaven” also deserves careful attention, focusing on exactly how it helps Herbert reach his conclusion. “Heaven” presents the speaker's vision of a supreme delight that endures and represents the final stage in the speaker's growth. Herbert has arrived at his desired destination and is ready to contemplate directly those delights on high in preparation for his ultimate union with Christ figured in “Love (3) ’’. Thus the stance of the speaker in the poem “Heaven” requires Herbert to convey that perfect simplicity stained. When a soul relinquishes itself to God and enters heaven, an experience demanding true words and, finally, the poet's personal silence. “Heaven” is an echo poem, and in the poem, he receives assurance that he will rest in the Lord. The only word needed to complete the definition of heaven is “ever”. Echo delivers the assurance that the pleasures awaiting the soul are endless. The poem is never finished cotinues endlessly, and concludes with Echo breathing the final word, a word that denies finality. The speaker is silent, He no longer needs words because he is ready to rest in God's word. His silence poignantly conveys this perfect movement of communion. After all, this the divine voice is nothing other than an echo reflection of the human voice, it is the human voice listening to itself, this silence is one of Herbert's poetical skill.

      • KCI등재

        진공열간가압성형 (VHP) 법 및 압출로 제조한 SiCp/Al 및 SiCp/2024Al 복합재료의 동적탄성계수와 감쇄능 (내부마찰) : 금속기 복합재료의 동적탄성계수 및 감쇄능 측정

        김영만,조기현,이경민,홍성길 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1999 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.37 No.9

        To shorten the processes of MMC fabrication, a number of techniques are being studied. In this study, a new process for MMC's fabrication was developed utilizing vacuum hot pressing and subsequent extrusion. MMC's with pure Al and 2024Al matrices reinforced with various volume fractions of SiC particulates were produced at 400℃ by vacuum hot pressing(VHP), followed by direct extrusion with extrusion ratios of 10:1 at 480℃ at constant ram speed of 2㎜/sec. The effects of extrusion pressure and relative density according to the volume fractions of the reinforcement were compared with the resultant metallurgical microstructures. Young's moduli of the manufactured composites were measured by the sonic resonance method, damping capacity by free decay method. Measured Young's moduli of the composites at room temperature were compared with the predictions based on Rule of Mixtures, Halpin-Tsai and Mean-field models. Measured Young's moduli of the composites are in good agreement with the predictions based on Mean-field model. The composites reinforced with finer particles showed higher damping capacity under the same amount of SiC reinforcement.

      • 청소년의 여가활동 실태 및 만족도 분석

        박용범,이재형,조병만 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.5

        The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the development of the various Education policies which can improve the problems after understanding the actual situation of the leisure activities of the middle school students, surveying and diagnosing the consciousness about the leisure activities, and analyzing problems. As for the subjects of tills study, the middle students who are currently enrolled in Y middle school in Suwon, Kyung-ki-do was selected as the population, and then totally 450 students were selected as the samples after the random sampling, The research subjects were totally 434 students who answered the survey among those 450 students. The survey papers which contain the ailing or unfaithful answers and contents among the total 434 students were excluded from this study. Therefore, the actual subject people who were applied to this study were totally 420 students. The sexual composition of the subject people are 24 male students(57.6%) and 178 female students(42.4%), and the male students have the a little higher rate than the female students. For the analysis of the data, in this study the frequencies analysis, cross analysis, independent t test, and one-way ANOVA were used as the useful statistical technique, the scheffe method was executed. At this time, the meaningful standard was analyzed after setting up as α=0.5. Through the above mentioned research method and course and based upon the produced research result, the following conclusion was induced. Firstly, the result of the analysis about the time of the leisure activities of the young people showed that the 120 students(28.6%) answered average under 2 or 3 hours to the question that how long leisure time per day you have, and this is the most frequent answers, and 105 students(25%) answered under 1 or 2 hours, Thus, the leisure time of the middle school students was surveyed as average under 2 or 3 hours per day and this was over 53.6%, and it was demonstrated that the students and young people were not active and emotional, and also enjoying the inactive and monotonous leisure activities because of the burden due to the time caused by the excessive studies and preparation for the entrance examination. Secondly, when seen through the analysis result of the actual condition of the leisure activities of the young people, it was known that there is the trend that the leisure activities of the young people are made up of the individual(houses of relatives, private educational institution), and merrymaking(cafe, billiard hall, bowling hall, karaoke room, and video-watching room) events. Thirdly, in case of the place for the leisure activities, it was shown that the female students enjoyed 'Library, municipal cultural center', 'cafe', 'karaoke, video-watching room', 'window shopping, street sightseeing', 'bookshop', 'cultural enjoyment', and 'private educational institution' rather than the male students did, and there was the meaningful difference statistically(P<.05). In the other hand, the male students enjoyed 'athletic facility', 'billiard hall, bowling hall', 'juvenile group', 'amusement facility, cartoon room, PC room' rather than the female students, and there was the meaningful difference statistically(P<.05). According to each the grade, in case of the 1st grade showed that they stayed 97 minutes in the karaoke and video watching room, and 94 minutes in the window shopping and street sightseeing, and 106 minutes in the amusement facility, and 21 minutes in the bookshop, and in case of 2nd grade, they were shown that they stayed 64 minutes in the reading room, and 35 minutes in the billiard room and bowling room, and lastly in case of 3rd grade, they were shown that they stayed 51 minutes in the instant food store and 247 minutes in the private educational institution. In case of the contact time with the mass media, there was no difference in the activities such as 'printing media such as the news papers and magazines', 'watching TV, but there was the meaningful difference according to the sexual distinction in the time for 'listening the radio', and 'using computer' statistically(p<.05). When concretely examined, the female student had average 34 minutes for listening the radio, and this is over 13 minutes than the male students whereas the male students spent 129 minutes in 'computer', and this is 37 minutes more than that of the female.

      • KCI등재후보

        Effects of Interleukin-1β, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interferon-γ on the Nitric Oxide Production and Osteoclast Generation in the Culture of Mouse Bone Marrow Cells

        Kwon, Young-Man,Kim, Se-Won,Ko, Seon-Yle The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

        Nitric oxide(NO) is a labile, uncharged, reactive radical that functions as a sensitive mediator of intercellular communication in diverse tissues. It has been reported that NO is produced by osteoblast and these results may suggest that NO is integrally involved in the regulation of osteoclast formation and osteoclast resorption activity by osteoblastic cells. We examined the effect of cytokines on NO release by mouse bone marrow cell. We also examined the effects of cytokokines and sodium nitroprusside(SNP) on the formation of osteoclast-like cell from mouse bone marrow cells in culture. Cytokines stimulated NO production of mouse bone marrow cells, and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a specific inhibitor of NO synthase, suppressed the cytokine-induced NO production. SNP showed dual action in the generation of osteoclasts. The addition of 30μM SNP inhibited the formation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)(+) multinucleated cell, whereas lower concentration(3μM) of SNP enhanced it. Althogh the precise action of NO remains to be elucidated in detail, the action of NO in osteoclast generation in our studies seems to be associated, at least in part, with bone matabolism and bone pathophysiology.

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