심근경색 모델 흰쥐에서 스트레스가 B-type Natriuretic Peptide 발현 및 심박변이율 변화에 미치는 영향

이삼윤(Sam Youn Lee),이미경(Mi Kyoung Lee),김남호(Nam-ho Kim),주민철(Min Cheol Joo),조항정(Hyang Jeong Jo),강지숙(Ji Sook Kang),김병숙(Byung Sook Kim),윤선식(Sun Sik Yoon),최을식(Eul Sig Choi),이문영(Moon Young Lee) 대한스트레스학회 2010 스트레스硏究 Vol.18 No.3

심박변이율의 감소는 심근 경색 환자에서 예후의 악화와 관련되어 있다. 심박변이율 중 very low frequency가 심부전환자의 예후를 판단할 수 있는 독립적 인자로서 사용이 가능하다고 보고된 바 있으며, 심실의 압력 증가에 반응해서 생성되는 B-type natriuretic peptide가 심근 경색의 예후 인자로서 사용할 수 있음 역시 보고된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 심근경색 모델을 제작하여 일정의 회복 기간을 거친 다음 다시 일정 기간의 스트레스를 겪게 한 후 심박변이율의 변화 및 심실 조직에서의 BNP 발현 정도를 비교하여 스트레스에 의한 영향을 관찰하고자 하였다. Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐 15마리를 대상으로 하였다. 실험동물은 인위적 스트레스 및 수술을 받지 않은 대조군(CON, n=5), 심근경색 수술을 받은 후 restraint stress를 받지 않은 군(MI+No Stress, n=5), 심근경색 수술을 받은 후 1주일 동안 restraint stress를 받은 군(MI+Stress, n=5)으로 분류하였다. 심근경색 모델 제작 직후 15분 이상 심전도의 변화를 기록하였으며, 2개월 정도 후 심근경색 수술을 받은 동물을 두 군으로 나누어 그 중 한 군에는 1주일 동안 restraint stress를 가한 후 restraint stress를 가하지 않은 동물과 심박변이율을 비교 분석하였다. 심실 조직은 좌심실 전벽 부위의 위축을 관찰할 수 있었고, 대식세포에 의하여 응고, 괴사된 심근세포의 탐식과 혈관이 풍부한 육아조직 및 섬유 변화를 볼 수 있었다. 심박변이율은 심근경색 수술을 받은 직후 심박수는 유의한 증가를 보였고, standard deviation of the normal to normal intervals (SDNN), very low frequency (VLF) 및 low frequency (LF)의 유의한 감소를 보였다. 심근경색 수술을 받았던 동물에서 두 달 정도의 회복 기간을 거친 후 스트레스를 받지 않은 군은 심박수 및 기타 심박변이율 분석에서 SDNN 값을 제외하고는 정상군과 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 없었던 반면 1주일 동안 스트레스를 받은 군에서는 심박수가 다시 유의하게 증가했을 뿐만 아니라 SDNN, VLF 및 LF 역시 정상군과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 심근경색 동물에 대해 1주일 동안 스트레스를 가한 결과 심박변이율이 감소하고 심실에서의 BNP 발현은 더욱 증가하여 악화함을 보여주고 있다. Diminished heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with less favorable prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI). It has been reported that very low frequency (VLF) power in HRV analysis is an independent risk predictor in patients with congestive heart failure and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) can be used as a prognostic factor of MI. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether stress has an effect to the changes of BNP expression and/or heart rate variability in MI model in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (CON), MI group (MI+No Stress), and MI followed by stress group (MI+Stress). MI+Stress group rats were raised for a two month recovery period after the operation, followed by being exposed to restraint stress for 2 hours per day for 1 week. Electrocardiogram was recorded after the operation and the last day after 1 week of stress. The frequency components of HRV were calculated in the frequency domain such as VLF, low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and so on. In HRV analysis, standard deviation of the normal to normal intervals (SDNN) was significantly reduced in both groups compared to the control group. VLF and LF also were significantly reduced in MI+Stress group compared to the control groups. In addition, BNP expression in western blotting was shown the strongest bands in MI+ Stress group among experimental groups. These results suggest that BNP and HRV were aggravated by stress in MI rat model. (Korean J Str Res 2010;18:275∼285)

김치의 제조 및 유통중 가스발생 방지에 관한 연구

윤경영,강미정,이광희,윤광섭,김광수 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1997 식품과학지 Vol.9 No.-

대량생산을 위한 김치의 산업화에 있어서 가장 큰 문제점인 유통시의 산패현장과 포장팽대 및 파손을 지연시켜 김치의 저장기간을 연장하고자 이산화탄소 흡수능력을 가진 물질을 가스흡수제로 처리하여 저장중 김치의 품질을 검토하였다. 품질평가를 위한 측정항목은 pH, 산도, 색상, 이산화탄소 함량 및 젖산균수 그리고 총균수를 측정하였다. 수산화칼륨, 수산화칼슘, 수산화나트륨과 같은 알칼리물질과 연화마그네슘, 염화칼슘과 같은 염화합물을 가스흡수제로 사용한 결과, 수산화칼륨과 수산화나트륨처리구가 타처리구에 비해 pH의 감소가 적었으며, 또한 산도의 증가가 다소 낮았다. 수산화칼륨과 수산화나트륨을 각각 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% 세단계의 농도로 처리한 결과 pH와 산도에 있어서 수산화칼륨처리구가 수산화나트륨처리구에 비해 높은 pH와 낮은 산도를 나타내었다. 또한 각 처리구의 농도에 따라 큰 차이가 나타나지 않아 간편성과 경제적인 면, 그리고 시각적인 면을 고려해 볼 때 0.25% 수산화칼륨처리구가 탄산가스흡수에 의해 김치의 저장기간을 연장하는데 다소 효과를 보였다. PE bag으로 포장된 수산화칼슘과 PE flim(0.02㎜)으로 포장한 0.25% 수산화칼륨을 가스흡수제로 사용하여 무처리구와 비교하여 저장중 김치의 품질을 검토하였다. 저장중 0.25% 수산화칼륨처리구와 시판용 김치의 가스흡수제인 수산화칼슘처리구를 비교할 때, 수산화칼륨처리구가 무처리구에 비해 pH 및 산도의 차이가 컸으며, 김치의 조직과 국물속에 용해되어 있는 이산화탄소의 함량도 적었다. 그리고 총균수에 있어서 타처리구에 비해 수산화칼륨처리구가 높은 값을 나타내었다. When kimchi was manufactured and circulated, largest question is rancidity phenomenon and packing swelling. This study was conducted to prevent these phenomenon and prolong the shelf-life of kimchi. KOH, NaOH, Ca(OH)_2, MgCl_(2), and CaCl_(2) were used to gas-absorbent. The pH of kimchi used KOH, NaOH was higher than the others. The acidity of kimchi used KOH, NaOH was lower than the others. The concentration of KOH, NaOH was 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%. The decrease of pH and increase of acidity that kimchi dealt with KOH were lower than kimchi used NaOH. There in no significant difference in concentration of gas-absorbent. Comparision of kimchi used 0.25% KOH and Ca(OH)_2. Ca(OH)_2 packaged PE bag and 0.25% KOH packaged PE film(0.02㎜) were used to gas-absorbent. On comparision to control, kimchi dealt with 0.25% KOH was higher than kimchi used Ca(OH)_2 at pH and acidity. The CO_(2) contents of kimchi dealt with 0.25% KOH was lowest. The number of total microbe kimchi dealt with 0.25% KOH was highest.

포장재질에 따른 김치의 저장성Ⅰ

강미정,윤경영,이광희,윤광섭,김광수 대구효성가톨릭대학교 식품과학연구소 1997 식품과학지 Vol.9 No.-

수출용 김치에 주로 사용되고 있는 유리병을 대상으로 유통과정 중 상품성 유지와 더불어 저장성 향상을 도모하고자 포장방법에 따른 저장성 효과를 비교ㆍ실험하였다. 포장방법은 유리병을 이용하여 밀폐포장과 투과성 포장을 하였으며 내부 포장재로 사용한 PE film 두께별(0.01, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1㎜) 저장성 향상능력을 비교하였다. 포장김치는 10℃에서 28일간 저장하면서 pH 및 산도, 색도의 변화와 관능적 품질변호를 측정하였다. 저장기간에 따른 pH와 산도의 변화에서 포장방법간에 큰 차이는 없었으나 밀폐 포장의 경우 film 두께가 다소 얇은 0.06, 0.01㎜ 처리구에서, 투과성 포장의 경우 film 두께가 다소 두꺼운 0.06, 0.08㎜ 처리구에서 높은 pH와 낮은 산도를 나타내었다. 특히 0.06㎜ 처리구의 경우 포장방법에 관계없이 control이나 타처리구에 비해 완만한 pH와 산도변화를 나타내었고, 상미한계점이 연장될 뿐만 아니라 효모에 의한 연부현상이나 탄산가스에 의한 뚜껑의 개봉이나 폭발음 등의 현상이 나타나지 않았다. 색도 측정시 저장 14일을 전후로 증가하던 L, a, b값이 감소하는 경향이었으며 이는 밀폐 포장과 투과성 포장에서 동일하게 나타났다. 관능적 품질평가에서 포장방법간에 큰 차이는 없었으나 신맛과 조직김이 유의적인 관계가 있는 것으로 보였고, 상미한계점을 경과할수록 조직감이 기호도를 좌우하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 0.06㎜ 투과성 포장시 밀폐 포장보다 신맛이 좋은 것으로 나타났다. 저장 14일 이후부터는 0.06㎜ film 처리시 관능적 품질평가 전반에 걸쳐 우수한 것으로 인정(5%의 범위)되었다. 이상의 결과로 유리병포장의 경우 기체투과성이 높은 PE film으로 내부포장하는 것이 저장성 연장효과를 기대할 수 있으며, 특히 0.06㎜ film으로 밀폐 포장 또는 투과성 포장시 높은 저장성 연장효과와 더불어 탄산가스에 의한 팽창방지를 완화시킬 것으로 기대된다. The effect of various packaging methods on kimchi quality was investigated in order to develop the packaging techniques for preventing bottled kimchi products from inflation and expolsing, due to fermentative gas evolved during storage and distribution. Kimchi was packaged in bottle(400g) under atomosphere different methods; 1) control, 2) airtight packaging, 3) permeable packaging, Kimchi packaged with polyethylene(PE) film was stored at 10℃ and film thickness were used 0.01, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1㎜. To evaluated quality change of kimchi, pH, acidity, color, and sensory score were measured periodically. Although pH and acidity change was not significant depending on the packaging method, airtight packaging with 0.06, 0.01㎜ film and permeable packaging with 0.06, 0.08㎜ film showed higher pH value and lower acidity then those of the others. Color change at kimchi as L, a, b value increased until 14 days and the decreased in airtight and permeable packaging. Sensory evaluation were not significant among packaging method during storage, but sour taste and texture scores were significant. Also, sour tast of permeable packaging with 0.06㎜ film showed higher than airtight packaging. After 14 days of storage, total sensory evaluation was excellent of packaging with 0.06㎜ film. Therefore, 0.06㎜ was found to be the most effective packaging method, although airtight and permeable packaging were not significant for storage properties.

대체 소화제의 열역학적 물성 비교

김재덕,여미순,이광진,이윤우,장윤호,노경호 한국화재소방학회 2004 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1

몬트리올 의정서에 의해서 규제받는 CFCs와 Halon의 대체 물질인 HFC-23, HFC-125, HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa와 불활성 화합물 Ar, N₂, CO₂의 열역학적 물성인 포화압력, 밀도, 엔탈피, 점도를 비교하였다. 본 연구에서는 소화제의 물성을 문헌값을 온도의 함수로서 표시하였다. HFC화합물의 열역학적 물성은 Halon-1301과 비슷하게 나타내었다. 불활성 화합물은 주로 혼합물로 이용되지만, 불활성 화합물의 물성은 Halon-13O1에 비하며 바람직하지 않았다. For CFCs and Halons regulated by Montreal Protocol and their alternatives of HFC-23, HFC-125, HFC-227ea, HFC-236fa and the mixtures of inert gases of Ar, N₂ and CO₂, the thermodynamic properties of saturated pressure, density, enthalpy and viscosity were compared. In this study, the data from literature were expressed as a function of temperature. Thermodynamic properties of HFC compounds were similar to those of Halon-1301. Inert gas was mainly used as a mixture, but the physical properties of the inert gas does not have the favorable advantages over those of Halon-1301.

알코올의 섭취가 흰쥐의 혈액과 간의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

이명숙,김영연,김효숙,김매하,전진순,서진숙,송선미,양영재,윤원손,이미라,이효영,정승현 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2004 生活文化硏究 Vol.18 No.-

To investigate the effects of ethanol on the lipid metabolism in blood and liver, twenty one male Sprague Dawley rats had orally taken the 25% alcohol and 50% alcohol by 5g per Kg of weight during 3 weeks after the adjusting period. For the energy balance, 85% sucrose and 45% sucrose was added in control group and 25% alcohol group each. The weight was reduced by alcohol treatment according to the levels, otherwise the weight of liver and heart was little increased in alcohol groups rather than in control without significance. Moreover, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit were increased by alcohol treatment according to the levels without significance. Otherwise, adjusted bilirubin levels by 100g of weight was significantly increased by alcohol treatment dose dependently. Alcohol induced RBC degradation and increased circulated bilirubin because of liver damage. For blood lipid profiles, blood cholesterol was increased in 50% of alcohol group compared to that of 25% and control groups, otherwise, blood triglycerides (TG) was increased by 30% in 25% alcohol groups rather than in control but not significantly different. The hepatic lipid composition, cholesterol levels in alcohol treatment groups was lower than those in control. The hepatic TG was not influenced by alcohol treatment. The two reasons of decreasing hepatic lipids were suggested by 85% sucrose of control for energy balance more synthesized cholesterol and TG than those in 25 or 50% alcohol groups, and by cholesterol and TG could not be synthesized because of liver damage from alcohol.

토양환경지도 자료를 이용한 콩밭 토양의 화학성 비교

박지숙,이민진,정재원,김미혜,이서연,지윤미,한준호,김유학,공명석,한광현,노희명 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2

It is important to interpret the soil chemical properties in order to effectively manage the farmland. This study was conducted to investigate the soil chemical properties of upland soybean field according to the soil series at 32 upland fields located in the parts of Gangwon-do. Soil sampling sites were selected by using the National Statistics DB and KSIS DB that is a soil environment information system provided by the Rural Development Administration. Soil samples were collected from 0~15 cm of top soil before seeding or transplanting, air-dried, passed through a 2 mm sieve, and analyzed for soil pH, EC, organic matter, available phosphorus (P2O5), exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium. The average chemical properties have exceeded the each nutrient optimum range level of RDA, except the organic matter in experimental soil 2015. And despite application of conventional fertilization, each soil series nutrient contents were change respectively. The results of this study suggest that conventional fertilization should be applied based on the analysis about the amount of accumulated nutrient contents in the soil.

Protective effect of dohongsamul-tang on cardiac function in myocardial infarct injury rats

Youn Jae Jang,Se Won Na,Hye yoom Kim,Mi Hyeon Hong,Jung Joo Yoon,Ho Sub Lee,Dae Gill Kang 한국실험동물학회 2021 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.7

Myocardial infarction (MI) is frequent and severe manifestation of ischemic heart disease. Post-MI activated fibroblasts increase their motility and migrate into the lesion. The frequent outcome of these processes is adverse cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, ultimately leading to heart failure (1). Dohongsamul-tang (桃紅四物湯, DHT), which commonly was used to for relieve women"s irregular menses disorder, and is also used to treat immunological disorders, migraine, and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and angina (2-3). The present study investigates the effect of DHT on MI injury. DHT was initially administered post occlusion, followed was administered for 8 weeks. To simulate the clinical settings of MI followed by therapy, I employed a rat model of left anterior descending artery occlusion for 8 weeks following. Furthermore, myocardial infarct size assessed using triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, and after MI, the infarct size in the DHT treatment group decreased compared to the MI group. The serum activity levels of cardiac enzymes, including creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, were evaluated using the serum. Cardiac performance and remodeling were evaluated by using conventional echocardiography methods, hemodynamic measurements pressure-volume loop, and histopathological techniques. DHT administration markedly decreased the remodeling process, as illustrated by attenuation of left ventricular enlargement and cardiac hypertrophy both at the whole heart and the cellular level. Furthermore, Fibrosis reduced by the treatment of DHT. Functionally echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were significantly improved by DTH. Furthermore, the color changes of Masson"s trichrome and Picrosirius" red staining. These findings indicate that DHT provides cardioprotection against the post-MI remodeling model.

교과교실제 운영학교 운영실태 분석에 관한 연구

윤미연(Yoon, Mi-Youn),오병욱(Oh, Byeong-Uk),정진주(Jung, Jin-Ju) 한국교육시설학회 2013 敎育施設 Vol.20 No.3

Because it is now the fourth year since the first operation of the departmentalized classroom system in March 2010, a clear analysis of the conditions for the system from the investigation of the schools' operating the system is necessary. In particular, in-depth investigation and analysis are pressing, because investigation and observation of the conditions and situations for the departmentalized classroom system are not conducted continuously after creating an environment for the management of the system through a large investment. Therefore, the purpose of this study lies in building clear data on the conditions for the operation of the departmentalized classroom system in schools by visiting schools that operate the system, grasping the conditions for environmental composition, and investigating and analyzing practical use of the environment.

각종 HEADGEAR 사용시 상악 제 1 대구치 치근에서의 응력과 치아이동에 관한 연구

신연미(Youn Mi Shin),한경윤(Kyung Yoon Han) 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 1991 Oral Biology Research (Oral Biol Res) Vol.15 No.-

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Ape1/Ref-1 Stimulates GDNF/GFR ${\alpha}$ 1-mediated Downstream Signaling and Neuroblastoma Proliferation

Kang, Mi-Young,Kim, Kweon-Young,Yoon, Young,Kang, Yoon-Sung,Kim, Hong-Beum,Youn, Cha-Kyung,Kim, Dong-Hui,Kim, Mi-Hwa The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2009 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.13 No.5

We previously reported that glial cell line-derived neurotropic factor (GDNF) receptor ${\alpha}$ 1 (GFR ${\alpha}$ 1) is a direct target of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (Ape1/Ref-1). In the present study, we further analyzed the physiological roles of Ape1/Ref-1-induced GFR ${\alpha}$ 1 expression in Neuro2a mouse neuroblastoma cells. Ape1/Ref-1 expression caused the clustering of GFR ${\alpha}$ 1 immunoreactivity in lipid rafts in response to GDNF. We also found that Ret, a downstream target of GFR ${\alpha}$ 1, was functionally activated by GDNF in Ape1/Ref-1-expressing cells. Moreover, GDNF promoted the proliferation of Ape1/Ref-1-expressing Neuro2a cells. Furthermore, GFR ${\alpha}$ 1-specific RNA experiments demonstrated that the downregulation of GFR ${\alpha}$ 1 by siRNA in Ape1/Ref-1-expressing cells impaired the ability of GDNF to phosphorylate Akt and PLC ${\gamma}$-1 and to stimulate cellular proliferation. These results show an association between Ape1/Ref-1 and GDNF/GFR ${\alpha}$ signaling, and suggest a potential molecular mechanism for the involvement of Ape1/Ref-1 in neuronal proliferation.