수소화를 고려한 다결정 실리콘 박막 트랜지스터의 전기적 스트레스의 영향

황성수,황한욱,김용삼 명지대학교 대학원 1999 대학원논문집 Vol.3 No.-

We have investigated the effects of electrical stress on poly-Si TFTs with different hydrogen passivation conditions. The amounts of threshold voltage shift of hydrogen passivated poly-Si TFTs are much larger than those of as-fabricated devices both under the gate bias stressing and under the gate and drain bias stressing. Also, we have quantitatively analyzed the degradation phenomena using by analytical method we have suggested that the electron trapping in the gate dielectric is the dominant degradation mechanism in only gate bias stressed poly-Si TFT while the creation of defects in the channel region and poly-Si/SiO_2 interface is prevalent in gate and drain bias stressed device.

信用狀 通知銀行과 買入銀行에 대한 開設銀行의 地位

黃龍周,崔斗壽 인제대학교 1996 仁濟論叢 Vol.12 No.2

The essence of letter of credit transaction is conditional definite payment undertaking of the issuing bank, so in transaction with letter of credit, the existence of the issuing bank is essential. In this content, the role of the issuing bank is discussed by examining the relation among advising bank and negotiating bank out of monetary settling bank, that is parties concerned with letter of credit. First, advising bank has the trustship, representation and order for the issuing bank. The advising bank has the obligation to inform the content of L/C according to the ask and order of the issuing bank. The advising bank should have the close examination about the truth of outward show when he informs that. Second, negotiating bank acquires the right to ask reparation to advising bank according to the definte payment undertaking and reimbursement undertaking when he receives the bill of exchange from beneficiary. The issuing bank present the bill of exchange and shipping documents from beneficiary to issuing bank. The issuing bank has the legal relations about rights and obligations of the parties like advising bank and negotiating bank with monetary settling bank. And they have importer and exporter as customers respectively under the conditions of international trade transaction, so the issuing bank has huge effect on the whole transactions. The issuing bank should examine the documents from exporter to receive the suitable products in time with the regulations of L/C consistent to the monetary relations, let the exporter to receive the money in his residence with the definite payment undertaking under the conditions of L/C. In conclusion, the issuing bank should solve the probable problem of inconsistency of the time for safety of receiving the money and receiving the products, that functions for satisfactory international sale transactions.

두개강내 혈종을 동반한 전이성 융모막암종 : 증례보고 Case Report

황수현,이현석,박용규,박인성,김은상,정진명,한종우 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.8

The authors report 2 cases of metastatic choriocarcinoma associated with intracranial hemorrhage One of them had intracranial hemorrhage on the right frontal lobe and the other one developed intracranial hemorrhage and enhancing mass on the parietal lobe revealed by admission brain CT They had rebled intracranially 2 and 3 times respectively. Even though the patients had recieved intracranial decompressive operations. they eventually died of intracranial rebleeding or hemothorax. respectively. These tumors generally occur in women of childbearing age and commonly produce signs and symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage or brain tumor Metastatic choriocarcinoma of the brain is a curable lesion. Cure is generally achieved by extirpation of the tumor chemotherapy. and irradiation of the site of the cerebral metastasis. The two cases in this report have been unsuccessful in their management.

납노출지표와 적혈구내 protein kinase C 활성도의 연관성

황규윤,황보영,안현철,김용배,리갑수,이성수,안규동,이병국 大韓産業醫學會 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.4

목적 : Protein kinase C는 칼슘-인지질 의존형인산화 효소로 'H VJ'tfO에서 납에 의하여 활성화되지만, 납에 노출된 인체내에서 그 영향을 평가한 경우는 얼다. 본 연구의 목적은 납에 직업적으로 노출되는 근로자를 대상으로 납 노출이 적혈구막의 단백질내에서 PKC 활성에 의한 인산화 수준에 영향을 주는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 1998년부터 국내 납 근로자를 대상으로 납에 의한 건강 영향조사가 4년간의 코호트 연구로 실행하였다. 1차년도에 630명의 납 근로자와 135명의대조군이 조사되었고 이들중 본 연구에서는 직업적노출이 되는 사업장에 근무하는 212명의 근로자를대상하였다. 156명의 남자와 56명의 여자 근로자를 대상으로 인구학적, 과거병력, 직업력 등을 구조화된 설문과 면접으로 조사되었고 납 노출 평가는 혈중 납농도 및 ZPP, 경골중 납농도를 측정하였다. PKC의 활성도는 적혈구막 단백질내 PKC 의존형인산화 수준으로 평가하였다. 적혈구막 단백질인spectrin과 band 4.9의 후인산화수준을 측정하여각 납 노출지표(혈중 납, ZPP, 경골중 납. 노출기간)와의 관련성은 다중회귀분석을 이용하였다. 결과 : 조사대상자의 평균(SD) 연령은39.1(10.0)세, 근무기간은 8.1(6.5)년 이었으며, 경골중 납농도는 범위가 0.8에서 290.8 trg Pb/gbone mineral로 평근(SD) 34.4(35.2) rig Pb/gbone mineral이었다. 적혈구막 단백질의 후인산화수준은 개인간 변이가 매우 컸으며, spectrin은 평균(SD) 540 7(304.1), band 4.9 SfkDa는198.6(78.2), 48 kDa는 247.7(83.3) PSL이었다.경골중 납농도와 노출 기간은 이들 후인산화 수준과역상관성을 보였으나(p(0.05), 혈중 납 농도와 ZPP는 상관성이 없었다(p)0.05). 가능성 있는 혼란변수를 통제한 상태에서도 경골중 납 농도와 노출기간은 이들 후인산화수준과 유의한 회귀계수를 나타내었다. 결론 : 만성적 납 노출에 의하여 적혈구내 PKC활성도는 영향을 받아 증가되어있는 것으로 평가되어 적혈구막 단백질의 인산화수준은 납의 노출지표로 이용될 수 있을 것이다. 납의 신경독성은 부분적으로 PKC의 활성도왁 관련되어 있을 기전을 배제하기 어렵기 때문에 PfC 활성도와 신경행동학적 기능과의 관련성 평가가 진행되어야 할 것이다. Objectives : Protein kinase C(PKC) , a calcium and phospholipid dependent enzyme, is activated by lead in vitro at picomolar concentrations. However, the effect of lead on PKC has never been studied in a human population. The purpose of the study was to evaluate whether lead exposure was associated with PKC mediated-phosphorylation in erythrocytes among lead workers. Methods : Two hundred and twelve lead workers were studied. To determine the levels of phosphorylation ir vivo, an in vivo back phosphorylation technique was used by adding PKC and γ-32P to preparations of erythrocyte membranes. We measured back phosphorylations of erythrocyte membrane proteins, spectrin, and 52 kDa and 48 kDa, as an indirect measure of PKC activation if vivo. Results : The mean(SD) age and exposure duration was 39.1(10.0) years and 8.1(6.5) years, respectively. Tibial lead ranged from 0.8 to 290.8 μg Pb/g bone mineral with a mean (SD) of 34.4(35.2) μg Pb/g bone mineral. The means(SD) of back phosphorylation levels of the three proteins were 540.7(304.1), 198.6(78.2), and 247.7(83.3) photostimulated luminescence units (PSL), respectively, by phosphoimager. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, tibial lead and exposure duration were significantly and inversely associated with back phosphorylation levels. One unit of increase in tibial lead (1 μg Pb/g bone mineral) is associated with a decline in spectrin, band 4.9 52 kDa, and band 4.9 48 kDa back phosphorylation levels by 1.4(p〈0.05), 0.34(p〈0.05), and 0.47(p〈0.01), respectively However, there were no associations between the back phosphorylation levels and either blood lead or ZPP levels. Conclusions : These findings suggest that the PKC activity in erythrocytes is increased by chronic lead exposure and that erythrocyte membrane protein phosphorylation may be a biomarker of lead exposure.

IL 의사소통책략과정과 책략반응

황용수 대구대학교 인문과학 예술문화연구소 1998 人文科學硏究 Vol.17 No.-

An Interlanguage consists of L1 and L2 components, including a wide variety of psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic and other cultural aspects of source and target languages. In view of the Creative Construction Continumm, the interim or the learner's target language system manifests a wide rage of strategic devices caused by the users' desire to overcome their lack of TL knowledge. In this study, the Korean English learners were chosen as the subjects to be tested on their employment of IL production strategies. The analyses were made on the basis of the categorical classification of strategic responses from the subjects who were given both several concrete and abstract concepts. The linguistic categorical classification suggested by the author are as follows: ER(Expected Reponses) = COR(Communicative Responses) + AV(Avoidance) COR = CR(Correct responses) + IL SR( Strategic Responses) IL SR = L1 SR + L2 SR The simple paradigm proved effective in sorting the responses, especially those based on the IL linguistic knowlege as expected. The analysis revealed that L1 SR's roughly encompass (1) referential and conceptional transfers (2) functional transfer (3) semem order transfer and (4) breach of register, where as L2 SR's mostly include (1) substitutions (2) generalization (3) descriptions and (4) word coinage. The proposed cetegorical paradigm suffers limitation in that it can not be easily applied to the analyses of other important strategic aspects such as psychological and cultural-oriented strategic phenomena.

L₂습득이론과 외국어 교육

황용수 대구대학교 인문과학연구소 1995 人文科學硏究 Vol.13 No.-

This paper was aimed at overviewing the influence of L₂ acquisition theories and their applied models on both the naturalistic and the formal SLA(Second Language Acquisition). Most of its presentation is not new, but the efforts to explain more clearly the existing theories and their applicational possibility should deserve reconsideration, since plethora of theories, methods, models and approaches may have led to serious misunderstanding of the realities. The CA(Contrastive Analysis) hypothesis, which has been under rather harsh criticism for its fallible aspects, has recently attracted renewed attention for its various affirmative points. The merits include its possible application in theory and practice to the second or foreign language education in a new approach; the new interpretation of its original idea can directly be linked to the creative structure theory and its educational approaches. The survey is summarized as follows; the input of linguitic resources preceding the process of intake can desirably be controlled by well-prepared instruction; the assumption that the built-in syllabus exclusively controls the acquisition route has proved vulnerable; and other factors, social or psychological, have been found in empirical studies to play important roles in the developmental process.

실시간 광 BJTC 시스템 구현을 위한 신호 흐름 제어

황수용,차광훈,김호연 서울산업대학교 산업대학원 1993 大學院論文集 Vol.2 No.-

One of the most ridiculous issue of the moving target tracking system is real-time processing of the input scene so as to extract the target features and estirmate the target states but there are no way to solve this problem sensationally in a digital algorithm. Recently an optical approach for this problem is presented; named BJTC tracker. In this paper, we propose a hardware that can the control the JTC signal for the BJTC system and show the timing chart of the hardware system to prove the design method. We use the FPGAs, low-accesstime RAM, and high performance ADC and DAC. And we use NTSC type CCDs and monitors.

시민참여와 정부신뢰

정수현,강한솔,황은진,이정주,노승용 서울여자대학교 사회과학연구소 2012 사회과학논총 Vol.19 No.-

이 연구는 시민참여와 정부신뢰와의 관계를 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여, 이 연구에서는 시민참여를 전통적인 오프라인 시민참여와 디지털 방식인 온라인 시민참여로 그 유형을 분류하고, 오프라인 시민참여와 온라인 시민참여의 경험이 정부신뢰와 어떤 관계가 있는지를 분석하였다. 2차 자료를 활용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석, t-test, 분산분석, 회귀분석 등을 실시한 결과 먼저, 우리나라 시민참여 경험자는 약 22% 정도이며, 오프라인 시민참여 경험자는 약 12%, 온라인 시민참여 경험자는 약 15%, 그리고 온라인과 오프라인 시민참여를 모두 경험한 시민은 약 5% 정도인 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 시민참여와 정부신뢰와는 관계를 분석한 결과 통계적으로 유의미한 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 오히려, t-test 및 분산분석 결과 오프라인 및 온라인 시민참여 경험자에 비하여 무경험자의 정부신뢰 수준이 상대적으로 약간 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 시민참여의 경험 유무 만으로 정부신뢰를 설명하는데는 한계가 있음을 보여 주는 결과일 뿐만 아니라 시민참여를 제도적으로 보장하는 것에서 나아가서 시민참여가 실질적 효과를 높일 수 있도록 시민참여과정에서 정부와 시민의 보다 적극적인 노력이 필요함을 보여주는 결과라 하겠다. Trust in government adds legitimacy to political system, provides social stability, and helps government to work effectively. In addition it increases cooperation between governments and citizens, and improves effectiveness of government affairs. However, citizens' trust in government has been quite low sine 1990s. In Korea, citizens' trust in government dropped after financial crisis in late 1990s. Various literatures indicated that citizen participation is one of the best ways to increase citizens' trust in governments. Especially as information technology increases, it is expected that citizens acquire information about different policy areas, and actively participate in surveys, discussion, and policy evaluation through internet. This research attempts to prove the relationship between citizen participation and trust in government by comparing online and offline citizen participation. The research utilized 2nd dataset from 'the influence of information on citizens' participation in policy-making.' With various statistical techniques such as frequency analysis, cross tabulation, ANOVA, and regression analysis, the characteristics of offline and online policy participants are examined. The results showed that citizens, who participate in policy-making processes more actively both online and offline, trust in government less. Comparing online and offline participation, online participants distrusted government more than offline participants. Such variables as policy competitiveness, democracy in government, quality of government, and transparency in government have direct influences on trust in government. However, citizen participation is not statistically significant. Key Words:Citizen Participation, Traditional Citizen Pariticipation, Digital Citizen Participation, Trust in Government.

Polysulfone 블럭 공중합체를 이용한 음이온 교환막의 제막 및 전기화학적 특성

황용구,조경섭,강안수 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2000 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.19 No.-

It was prepared an anion exchange membrane using block copolymer of Polysulfone(PSf) and polyphenylene sulfide sulfone(PPSS) by a two step synthesis: the chloromethylation and amination by triethylamine, and studied the effect of the preparation condition on the electrochemical properties such as the electrical area resistance, the ion exchange capacity, and the static transport number. The optimum chloromethylation condition were mole ratio of BPSf to chloromethyl methyl ether 1:20, reaction time 6 hours, and reaction temperature 25℃. The best electrochemical properties were measured, with area resistance 120.9 Ω·㎠, ion exchange capacity 1.324 meq./ g dry membrane, water content 0.204 g H₂O/g dry membrane, and fixed ion concentration 6.49 meq./g H₂O.

상관기 진폭 보상에 따른 판별력 조사

황수용,이상이,김남선 서울産業大學校 1996 논문집 Vol.44 No.1

광 JTC는 실시간 상관 시스템에 응용이 가능하다는 장점에 반하여 위상 혹은 진폭성분만을 별도로 처리하기는 어려운 상태에 있었으나, 최근 POC와 POF에 유사한 상관특성을 나타낼수 있는 광 BPEJTC, HPEJTC등이 제안되면서 위상과 진폭이 별도로 처리될 수 있게 되었다. 그러나, 이러한 시스템들은 위상과 진폭이 상관성능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는재 평가하기는 어려운 상태에 있었다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 진폭이나 위상 성분의 비중을 변동시키며 상관성능을 분석 할 수 있는 것으로 ACMF를 기초로 하는 JTC 시스템인 ACJTC를 수학적 해석을 통해 비교분석하였다. ACJTC는 ACMF의 특성상 위상과 진폭 성분의 비중을 가변시킬수 있으므로 잡음 및 유사표적에 대하여 우수한 상관 판벽력을 나타내게 된다. 이러한 특성을 조사하기 위해 자연게 배경에 다중 표적 영상을 주기적으로 배치하고 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션하였으며, 광 JTC를 통한 실시간 상관 시스템의 구현 가능성을 제시하였다. The optical JTC system has the advantage of being applied to the real-time correlation system, but it has some difficulties that is amplitude and phase signals cannot be separately processed. Recently to solve those problems the BPEJTC and HPEJTC systems having the same characteristics of that of the POC and POF have been proposed. But there is no quantitive analysis how much the amplitude and phase signals are contributed to the correlation outputs respectively. In this paper, a ACJTC system based on the conventional ACMF is discussed through the mathematical analysis. The good correlation discrimination of the system is also analyzed by changing the relative contribution of the phase and amplitude signals for some similar targets. From the successful computer simulation results on the scenario where three same targets are periodically located on the nature background, the possibility of the high performance real-time correlation system based on the optical ACJTC is suggested.