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이한식,하영록,구홍두,장석준,심호식,김승환,이정운 대한응급의학회 1996 대한응급의학회지 Vol.7 No.2
Objective : Tetanus decreased in prevalence since the systemic vaccination began in 1940s. Despite of the improvement in treatment like critical care with ventilatior or antibiotics, the mortality rate resides around 45%. Currently the tetanus prevention protocol recommends immunization in infancy and boosters every tenth years. Thereafter the immunization with toxoid only or toxoid plus immunoglobulin injections is recommended according to the type of injury. In most of ED in Korea, only tetanus immunoglobulin is given without any basis. Previously we proved the effect that passive immunization with the immunoglubulin 250 IU last long for only a month. At this time we measured the effect of the active immunization with toxoid and its effect was compared to the effect of the tetanus immunoglobulin to find out the logical tetanus prevention after an injury. Method: 20 healthy adult volunteers were injected with tetanus toxoid and their anti-tetanus antibody titers measured before the injection, 1 week and 4 weeks after the inection. No volunteers have taken any medication for chronic illness(e.g. hepatits, tuberculosis) or had an tetanus immunization or booster in the last 6 months. Antibody titers were measured by IMMUNOZYM??-TETANUS and t-test was performed on the results, Results: 1. Total 20 volunteers(12 males and 8 females) were participated. 2. Subjects` ages were 21 to 44 years old and there were no relevance to the antibody titer. 3. The antibody titers of before the anti-tetanus toxoid injection and 1 week, 4 weeks after the injection revealed significant difference and the antibody titers of the first and the forth week after the injection also showed a significant difference. Conclusion: Currently in Korea, the tetenus immunoglobulin 250 IU given alone as tetanus prevention was injected, but it did not elevate the anti-tetanus antibody titer for 4 weeks where as tetanus toxoid injected intramuscularly did significantly. Therefore, tetanus toxoid should be given on the dirty injuries with additional tetanus immunoglobulin injection to accomplish the correct method of tetanus, tetanus toxoid prevention.
NMR Data of Flavone Derivatives and Their Anti-oxidative Activities
Park, Yeong-Hui,Lee, Yong-Uk,Kim, Ho-Jung,Lee, Young-Shim,Yoon, Young-Ah,Mun, Byeong-Ho,Jeong, Yu-Hun,An, Jung-Hun,Shim, Yhong-Hee,Lim, Yoong-Ho Korean Chemical Society 2006 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.27 No.10
The $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ chemical shifts of eleven flavone derivatives were completely determined by basic 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Nineteen flavone derivatives including the above eleven derivatives were examined for anti-oxidative effects using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl assay and Caenorhabditis elegans. In order to understand the relationships between the structures of flavone derivatives and their anti-oxidative activities, a Comparative Molecular Field Analysis was performed.
Prediction of radiation-induced degradation for a FAPbBr3 perovskite solar cell
Shim Ha Eun,Park Jinhyung,Yeon Yeong Heum,Lee Nam-Ho,Gwon Hui-Jeong 한국물리학회 2022 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.80 No.3
This study used the equivalent displacement damage dose (EDDD) model to predict radiation-induced damage of formamidinium lead–bromide ( FAPbBr3) perovskite solar cells. The response characteristics of FAPbBr3 perovskites irradiated with 60Co gamma rays were estimated using the light current voltage (LIV) curve, and radiation damage was analyzed in terms of atomic displacement caused by secondary electrons emitted due to gamma rays. The EDDD model was derived in consideration of the nonionizing energy loss of gamma rays ( NIEL ), fluence of gamma rays ( Φ ) , and power factor n. Here, the NIEL was the product of the slowed spectrum of secondary electrons calculated in Geant4 and the NIEL of electrons ( NIEL e) obtained using the SR-NIEL web calculator. In terms of the maximum power output ( P max ), the prediction curve for radiation-induced damage derived using the EDDD model was consistent with the experimental results.
Shim, Insoo,Choi, Myungwon,Min, Yegee,Seok, Kwang Hyuk,Kim, Jiyeun Kate,Jeong, Jee-Yeong,Oak, Chul-Ho,Park, Indal 대한미생물학회 2016 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.46 No.1
Tuberculosis (TB) patients are normally treated with a combination of antibiotics. However, with improper or incomplete treatment of antibiotics, the disease may progress to multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). The treatment of MDR-TB is very costly and inefficient. Therefore, there is a great demand of new therapeutic approaches for MDR-TB such as photodynamic therapy. In this study, we tried to optimize the conditions for photodynamic inactivation of TB using methylene blue as a photosensitizer. Different combinations of methylene blue concentrations and light doses were tested for their photodynamic effects to A549 cells or Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis). We also tested the effect of photodynamic therapy on ciprofloxacin-resistant M. smegmatis. Methylene blue treatment alone did not affect the survival rates of A549 cells or bacteria up to $5{\mu}g/ml$. When the A549 and M. smegmatis cells treated with methylene blue were irradiated with laser light (wavelength, 630 nm), photodynamic inactivation of cells was increased in methylene blue concentration- and light dose-dependent manners. Interestingly, the ciprofloxacin-resistant M. smegmatis exhibited higher level of susceptibility to methylene blue-mediated photodynamic inactivation. This study suggests that photodynamic therapy at $3.6J/cm^2$ in the presence of $5{\mu}g/ml$ methylene blue may be an appropriate range for therapy due to the high bactericidal activity against high level of ciprofloxacin-resistant M. smegmatis and the low damaging effect to mammalian cells. This study demonstrates that photodynamic therapy could be a potential alternative for MDR-TB treatment.
A conjugated polymer electrolyte for quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cell applications
Gal, Yeong-Soon,Jin, Sung-Ho,Shim, Sang-Yeon,Lim, Kwon Taek Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2016 Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Vol.636 No.1
<P>A new conjugated ionic polymer was applied for DSSCs. Poly(2-ethynyl-N-methylpyridinium iodide) (PEMPI) was prepared by the non-catalyst polymerization of 2-ethynylpyridine using iodomethane without any additional initiator or catalyst. The polymerization proceeded homogeneously to give a high yield of polymer (87%). The photoluminescence peak was observed at 568nm corresponding to a photon energy of 2.19eV. Quasi-solid-state DSSCs with a SnO2:F/TiO2/D719 dye/solid-state electrolyte/Pt device was fabricated with PEMPI, which shows the maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.01%.</P>
Comparison of rhythmic and non-rhythmic aerobic exercises on depression and balance in the elderly
( Il-ho Kwon ),( Jun-young Song ),( Do-ye Kim ),( Je-yeong Son ),( Yu-jin Shim ),( Won-seob Shin ) 물리치료재활과학회 2017 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.6 No.3
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects rhythmic and non-rhythmic aerobic exercises on depression and balance of healthy elderly people. Design: Randomized controled trial. Methods: Nineteen older subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups for rhythmic and non-rhythmic aerobic exercises. Both aerobic exercises consisted of functional movements such as turning in opposite directions, and running in place, the exercise consisted of movements that could activate balance. The rhythmic training group initially used music with 8 beats, and then later progressed to 16 beats. Additionally, we adjusted the pace of the music using songs from 125 beats per minute (bpm) to 160 bpm. Both groups were exercised for 50 minutes a day, twice a week, for a total of 8 weeks. We measured the condition of the patients before the intervention, and after 8 weeks of intervention. The Beck depression inventory (BDI) was used to measure the degree of depression. The Berg balance scale (BBS) was used to measure static and dynamic balance ability. We measured the subject`s subjective balance confidence using the fall efficacy scale (FES). Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in BDI, BBS, and FES (p<0.05). The rhythmic aerobic exercise group showed a significant improvement only in the BBS change values compared to the non-rhythmic group (p<0.05). Conclusions: According to this study, both rhythmic and non-rhythmic aerobic exercises resulted in significant improvement in the degree of depression and balance ability of the elderly. The rhythmic aerobic exercise was more effective for dynamic balance ability.