http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Park, Yelim,Lee, Aram,Choi, Kyungho,Kim, Hai-Joong,Lee, Jeong Jae,Choi, Gyuyeon,Kim, Sungjoo,Kim, Su Young,Cho, Geum Joon,Suh, Eunsook,Kim, Sung Koo,Eun, So-Hee,Eom, Soyong,Kim, Seunghyo,Kim, Gun-Ha,M Elsevier 2018 Science of the Total Environment Vol.612 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mercury and lead are naturally occurring toxicants and are responsible for various health issues including neurobehavioral and developmental disorders. Because of crucial synchronized developmental processes occurring at the early stage of life, infancy and childhood are considered as among the most susceptible windows to the exposure to these metals. Breastmilk is often the only source of nutrition during the first months of life. As breastmilk can be contaminated with these metals, breastfeeding may serve as a significant route of heavy metal exposure among infants. In order to understand current levels of exposure to mercury and lead through breastfeeding, and their associated risks, a total of 157 lactating mothers were recruited from Children's Health and Environmental Chemicals of Korea (CHECK) cohort, and breastmilk samples were collected at 15 and 30days after delivery (<I>n</I> =207). Mercury was detected from 100% of breastmilk with a median concentration of 0.59μg/L, and lead was detected in 77% of the samples with a median at 4.71μg/L. Higher concentrations of lead were found in the 30- day breastmilk than in the 15-day. Up to 45% of the breastmilk samples exceeded the normal range of the breastmilk lead suggested by WHO. Based on Monte Carlo simulation, about 71% of 15days old infants and 56% of 30days old infants were estimated at risk due to lead exposure through breastfeeding. Considering vulnerability of infants and well-known neurological toxicity of these metals, further studies to identify major exposure sources that contribute the lead concentration in breastmilk and health implication of early life stage exposure to lead among the breastfed infants are warranted.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We analyzed mercury and lead in 207 breastmilk collected at 15 and 30days after delivery. </LI> <LI> Mercury was detected from 100% of breastmilk with the median of 0. 59μg/L. </LI> <LI> Lead was detected in 77 % of breastmilk with the median of 4.71μg/L. </LI> <LI> The hazard quotient of lead exceeded 1.0 for 71% of 15days and for 56% for 30days old infants from breastfeeding. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
곰팡이 바이오필터를 통한 d-limonene 처리 및 생물양론적 해석
최연규 ( Youngyu Choi ),최예림 ( Yelim Choi ),곽채은 ( Chaieun Gwak ),김대근 ( Daekeun Kim ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2021 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2021 No.-
유기성 폐기물의 생물학적 분해과정에서 발생하는 휘발성 유기화합물(Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs) 중 하나인 d-limonene은 하수처리장, 퇴비화 시설, 바이오가스 생산공정 등 환경기초시설에서 주로 배출되며 테르펜류(Terpenes) 물질 중 높은 발생비중을 보인다. 이러한 VOCs 처리방법 중 하나인 바이오필터는 처리대상 오염물질을 미생물이 고정된 담체에 통과시켜 제거하는 생물학적 처리방법이다. 일반적으로 바이오필터에 적용되는 미생물인 박테리아는 소수성 물질의 처리가 비교적 어려우며 환경 변화에 민감하게 반응하는 단점이 있다. 반면 곰팡이는 산성 조건이나 수분 공급이 제한되는 극한 환경에서도 성장이 용이하며 형태학적으로 균사 등을 통해 미생물의 비표면적을 넓힐 수 있다. 또한 효율적인 바이오필터 운전을 위해서는 반응기 내부의 생물학적 반응의 이해 및 바이오필터 제거특성 파악이 중요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 초기 조건을 산성으로 하여 곰팡이를 우점화한 바이오필터를 장기간 운전하여 d-limonene을 탄소원으로 하는 바이오필터의 기질분해특성을 파악하였다. 또한 탄소 기반 물질수지를 작성하여 바이오필터의 양론적 반응을 제시하였다. 실험 결과, 바이오필터는 평균적으로 90% 이상의 제거성능을 나타냈으며 임계부하량은 9.981 g/㎥ㆍhr 으로 획인되었다. 생물 양론식은 일반적인 곰팡이의 조성식에 기초하여 유기물질의 대사반응과 세포합성반응을 통해 생물반응을 해석하였으며 임계부하량에서 0.56 g Biomass/g Substrate의 바이오매스 생산량을 확인하였다.
Color Change of Esthetic Restorative Materials for Different Staining and Whitening Dentifrices
( Eunjung Choi ),( Hyeonsoo Jang ),( Yelim Seo ),( Youngju Kim ),( Gayoung Lee ),( Youlim Kim ),( Soo-jeong Hwang ) 한국치위생과학회 2021 치위생과학회지 Vol.21 No.3
Background: As the importance of the esthetic function of teeth increases, the use of esthetic restoration materials and whitening treatment are increasing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the color change of esthetic restoration materials upon using staining and whitening toothpaste. Methods: Light curing (LC) packable composite resin, LC flowable resin, LC glass ionomer (GI), and self-curing GI specimens were colored in coffee or curry for three hours a day for seven days. After that, regular toothpaste, whitening toothpaste containing hydrogen peroxide, and whitening toothpaste containing activated charcoal were applied for three minutes three times a day for two weeks. Luminosity (L), chromaticity a (a), and chromaticity b (b) were measured using a spectrophotometer once a week. Results: In the coffee-colored group, the change in L<sup>2</sup>*a<sup>2</sup>*b<sup>2</sup> (E<sup>2</sup>) with time was significant (p=0.004), there was no difference for different toothpaste types (p=0.646), and there was significant difference (p<0.001) for different esthetic restorative materials. The change of E<sup>2</sup> in the curry-colored group was significant only for different esthetic restorative materials (p<0.001). In the coffee-colored group, the L, a, and b values of the light-curing GI showed greater change than other materials after staining and one week after whitening, turning dark, red, and yellow. In the curry-colored group, L did not differ for different materials and times, and a and b showed the greatest difference in light-curing GI after staining and one and two weeks after whitening. Conclusion: The use of whitening toothpaste for two weeks was not different from the use of general toothpaste in the removal of staining or whitening. Since light-curing GI is the most vulnerable to coloration, it is recommended that coloring by food chromogen should be explained in advance, before using light-curing GI for teeth restoration.