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Sun, Z.H.,Tan, Z.L.,Yao, J.H.,Tang, Z.R.,Shan, J.G.,Hu, J.P.,Tang, S.X.,Jiang, Y.M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.5
The effects of intra-duodenal infusion of methionine (Met), lysine (Lys) and leucine (Leu) on dry matter intake (DMI), the concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone (GH) and insulin in plasma, and liver IGF-I mRNA level were investigated in two experiments for Liuyang Black growing wether goats. In Experiment 1, three goats ($10.0{\pm}0.1$ kg) were fitted with ruminal, proximal duodenal and terminal ileal fistulaes to determine the infusion amounts of Met, Lys and Leu at the duodenum according to essential amino acid flows into the duodenum and their apparent digestibility. The infusion amounts were 0.77 g/d, 0.91 g/d and 0.58 g/d respectively. In Experiment 2, 4 groups of goats (($10.0{\pm}0.2$ kg) for each group, were cannulated at the duodenum, and were infused with a mixture of Met, Lys and Leu (Control), or mixtures with 21% Met, Lys or Leu replaced with glutamate respectively on a nitrogenous basis. The replacement of 21% Met, Lys or Leu with glutamate did not affect intakes of maize stover, concentrate or both (p>0.05) when compared with the control. The replacement of 21% Met or Lys significantly (p<0.05) reduced plasma GH, insulin and IGF-I concentrations and liver IGF-I mRNA level. The replacement of 21% Leu with glutamate reduced (p<0.05) plasma IGF-I concentration only, but not plasma insulin and GH, as well as liver IGF-I mRNA level (p>0.05). The close relationships between supplying Met and Lys in the lumen of the duodenum and plasma IGF-I, GH and insulin concentrations, as well as liver IGF-I mRNA level in this study indicate that the effects of the limiting amino acids on nutrition of animals are likely intermediated via their effects on these hormones, and these hormone profiles could be used as intermediate markers for the limiting order of amino acids.
일개 농촌지역의 주민 이병 실태에 관한 조사 : 1981년도 경기도 남양주군 수동면 Su-Dong Myun, Nam Yang-Ju Gun, Kyung-Gi Do
김태경,선한규,이정규,정인영 이화여자대학교 의과대학 1982 梨花醫學誌 Vol.- No.14
A study on the morbidity status of a rural community ; Su-Dong Myun, Nam Yang Ju Gun, Kyung Gi Do was carried out from January 5, to 25, 1982 through analyzing the medical records of Su-Dong Health Subcenter during the period of September, 1980 to August, 1981 and following results was obtained. 1) The number of new patients during a year was 3,651 composed of 49.8% male and 50.2% female, and the cumulated visiting number of the out patients was 5,481. 2) The order of five major diseases which were classified the International Classitication of Diseases(I. C. D.) was Diseases of the Respiratory System(33.2%), Diseases of the Digestive System (21.3%), Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue (17.0%), AccidentsㆍPoisoningsㆍViolence (9.4%), and Diseases of the Nervous System and Sense Organs (8.4%). 3) Annual morbidity rate was 700.6 per 1,000 population and 699.6 for male and 710.6 for female. 4) The highest age specific morbidity rate per 1,000 population was 2,408.1 in the age group of 0 ∼ 4 and the lowest was 272.9 in the age group of 15 19. 5) The average clinic visiting times per out patient was 1. 6. 6) Medical fee of patients visited to Health Subcenter was covered from 3 different sources as follows ; 81.2% of total patients was paid by patient self, 9.5% by government as medical program, and 9.3% by medical insurance. 7) Average medical fee per first visiting was 1,970 ± 1,320(Won) and average medical fee per case was 2,990 ± 2,590(Won). 8) The annual utility rate of Health Subcenter of the community was 710.0 per 1,000 population, and the highest rate (1,350.4) was shown in the people of Ribsouk 2 Rie and the lowest(381.0) in Cidoon Rie.
Electron Cyclotron Resonance O_2 Plasma에서 증착한 규소 산화 박막의 특성
안명환,서문석,장재선,서성모,이기방,윤창주,이형재,남기석,최규현,손춘배,김용섭,강석희 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.17 No.-
규소 산화막을 ECR-CVD(electron cyclotron resonance-chemical vapor deposition) 증착방법으로 5인치 기판위에 상온에서 증착하고, 증착공정조건인 증착율, 기판온도, 마이크로파의 세기변화 및 플라즈마 혼합기체의 비에 따른 규소 산화막의 특성을 조사하였다. 또한 산화막의 구조적인 특성을 비교하기 위해 FTIR을 이용하여 ECR-CVD 증착한 산화막, RPE-CVD(remote plasma enhanced-CVD) 증착한 산화막 및 열 산화막의 stretching frequency를 측정하였다. 측정된 결과 ECR-CVD로 증착된 산화막이 구조적인 면에서 열 산화막과 거의 같음을 보였다. ECR-CVD로 증착된 산화막의 전기적인 특성을 전류-전압 및 축전-전압 측정에의하여 분석하였다. 축전된 산화막의 전기적인 특성은 산화막의 전하 밀도는 1×10 exp (11)/㎠이였고, 평균 절연 파괴 전압은 약 6 MV/㎝이다. We have grown thin films of SiO_2 at room temperature by using an ECR-CVD system and have investigated the changes in the properties of the deposited films with changes in the processing conditions such as the deposition rate, the substrate temperature, the microwave power and the plasma gas mixing ratio. We also measured the stretching frequency of three kinds of oxides, and ECR-CVD-grown oxide, a PECVD-grown oxide, and a thermally grown oxide, using FTIR analysis to compare their structural properties. The result shows that the structural properties of the ECR-grown oxide are similar to those of the thermally grown oxide. Additionally, the electrical properties of the ECR-grown oxide were investigated by using current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. These electrical results indicate that the oxide charge density and the average breakdown voltage are 1×10 exp (11) ㎝^-2 and 6 MV/㎝, respectively.
Wang, M.Q.,Xu, Z.R.,Sun, J.Y.,Kim, B.G. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.2
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of exogenous non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) enzymes on performance, intestinal content viscosity and digestive enzyme activities of growing pigs fed a rough rice-based diet. A total of 60 crossbred barrows with an initial body weight of 35.16 kg (SD = 0.82) were blocked by body weight and randomly assigned to two treatments with three replications. Each group was fed the diet based on rice with or without exogenous NSP enzymes (2 g/kg of diet). During the 70 days of the feeding trial, all pigs were given free access to feed and water. At the end of the feeding trial, six pigs from each treatment were randomly selected and slaughtered to collect intestinal digesta, intestinal mucosa, and pancreas. The addition of NSP enzymes improved average daily gain (p<0.05) and feed:gain (p<0.05), and decreased viscosity of digesta in the jejunum (p<0.001) and ileum (p<0.01) of pigs. The supplementation of NSP enzymes increased activities of protease (p<0.01), trypsin (p<0.01) and ${\alpha}$-amylase (p<0.05) in duodenal contents. However, digestive enzymes in the pancreas, jejunal and ileal mucosa were unaffected by the supplemental NSP enzymes (p>0.10). The results indicate that the addition of NSP enzymes to rough rice-based diets improved performance of pigs, reduced viscosity and increased digestive activity in the small intestine.
Kim, U.-H.,Jun, D.-W.,Park, K.-J.,Zhang, Q.,Kaghazchi, P.,Aurbach, D.,Major, D. T.,Goobes, G.,Dixit, M.,Leifer, N.,Wang, C. M.,Yan, P.,Ahn, D.,Kim, K.-H.,Yoon, C. S.,Sun, Y.-K. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Energy & environmental science Vol.11 No.5
<P>Development of advanced high energy density lithium ion batteries is important for promoting electromobility. Making electric vehicles attractive and competitive compared to conventional automobiles depends on the availability of reliable, safe, high power, and highly energetic batteries whose components are abundant and cost effective. Nickel rich Li[NixCoyMn1−x−y]O2 layered cathode materials (<I>x</I> > 0.5) are of interest because they can provide very high specific capacity without pushing charging potentials to levels that oxidize the electrolyte solutions. However, these cathode materials suffer from stability problems. We discovered that doping these materials with tungsten (1 mol%) remarkably increases their stability due to a partial layered to cubic (rock salt) phase transition. We demonstrate herein highly stable Li ion battery prototypes consisting of tungsten-stabilized Ni rich cathode materials (<I>x</I> > 0.9) with specific capacities >220 mA h g<SUP>-1</SUP>. This development can increase the energy density of Li ion batteries more than 30% above the state of the art without compromising durability.</P>
Comparison of Fast Neutron Rates for the NEOS Experiment
Y. J. Ko,C. H. Jang,Kim Siyeon,J. Y. Kim,H. S. Kim,K. M. Seo,B. Y. Han,G. M. Sun,E. J. Jeon,Jaison Lee,M. H. Lee,Y. M. Oh,K. S. Park,K. K. Joo,B. R. Kim,H. J. Kim,이주영,Y. D. Kim,H. K. Park,H. S. Park 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.11
The fast neutron rates are compared at the site of the NEOS (Neutrino Experiment Oscillation Short baseline) experiment, a short-baseline neutrino experiment located in a tendon gallery of a commercial nuclear power plant using a 0.78-liter liquid scintillator detector. A pulse shape discrimination technique is used to identify neutron signals. The measurements are performed during the nuclear reactor-on and -off periods, and the fast neutron rates are found to be consistent with each other. The fast neutron rate is also measured at an overground site with a negligible overburden and is found to be ∼ 100 times higher than that at the site of the NEOS experiment.
ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF THE SHIFTING PROCESS IN AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSIONS
G. SHI,P. DONG,H. Q. SUN,Y. LIU,Y. J. CHENG,X. Y. XU 한국자동차공학회 2017 International journal of automotive technology Vol.18 No.1
This paper focuses on the way of keeping shift quality of automatic transmissions consistent in mass production and with mileage accumulation. We investigate the main factors influencing the consistency of shift quality. Test results show that the torque to pressure (T2P) and pressure to current (P2I) characteristics of shifting elements are easily affected. A simulation model of an 8-speed automatic transmission is established to simulate the dynamic process of clutch-to-clutch shift. Simulation results demonstrate that the change of T2P and P2I characteristics has a significant influence on shift quality. In order to compensate for the influences, we develop two adaptive control strategies, i.e., the adaptive control strategies for torque phase and inertia phase. They make use of the measured speed information and time information to evaluate shift quality. Then the control parameters are tuned to adapt to the change of T2P and P2I characteristics. Vehicle tests verify that the developed adaptive control strategies are effective to keep shift quality consistent in mass production and with mileage accumulation.
Insulin Inhibits the Expression of Adiponectin and AdipoR2 mRNA in Cultured Bovine Adipocytes
Sun, Y.G.,Zan, L.S.,Wang, H.B.,Guo, H.F.,Yang, D.P.,Zhao, X.L.,Gui, L.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.10
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived protein that has a regulatory role in energy homeostasis and influences insulin sensitivity. Its effects on glucose utilization and lipid metabolism are mediated by AdipoR1 and AdipoR2. How insulin affects adiponectin gene expression and secretion is still controversial. This study was conducted to determine the expression of adiponectin, AdipRs and $PPAR-\gamma$ during the differentiation of bovine preadipocytes and the effect of insulin on expression of these genes in bovine adipocytes. The bovine preadipocytes started to accumulate lipids three days after differentiation was induced, with increased expression of adiponectin, AdipoR2 and $PPAR-\gamma$ mRNAs. Insulin decreased the expression of adiponectin mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, and the inhibition was detectable at insulin concentrations as low as 10 nM and as early as 2 h after addition of 100 nM insulin. Insulin also inhibited the expression of AdipoR2 mRNA at concentrations from 1 to 1,000 nM or 24 h after addition of 100 nM insulin, but did not affect the expression of AdipoR1 in bovine adipocytes. Inhibition of PI3K with LY294002 reversed the inhibition of adiponectin and AdipoR2 mRNA expression by insulin. These results suggest that insulin suppresses the expression of adiponectin and AdipoR2 at least partially via the PI3K signal pathway.