Identification and Screening of Gene(s) Related to Susceptibility to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4ab/ac in Piglets

Li, Hejun,Li, Yuhua,Qiu, Xiaotian,Niu, Xiaoyan,Liu, Yang,Zhang, Qin Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.4

In 2004, Jorgensen and coworkers proposed the MUC4 gene as a candidate gene of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4ab/ac receptor in piglets and a mutation of $G{\rightarrow}C$ in intron 7 of MUC4 was identified to be associated with the ETEC F4ab/ac adhesion phenotypes. In this study, we used 310 piglets of three breeds (Landrace, Large White and Chinese Songliao Black) to analyze the relationship between this mutation and the F4ab/ac adhesion phenotype. The results show that the genotypes at this site and the ETEC F4ab/ac adhesion phenotypes were not completely consistent, although they are very strongly associated. Among the individuals with genotype CC, which was identified as a resistant genotype to F4ab/ac adhesion, only 72.1% (124/172) were non-adhesive to ETEC F4ab and 77.9% (134/172) were non-adhesive to ETEC F4ac infections. This suggests that this mutation may not be the causative mutation for ETEC F4ab/ac adhesion, rather, the actual causative mutation may be in another gene closely linked to MUC4, or at aother site within the MUC4 gene. Our results also suggest that the receptors of F4ab and F4ac may be determined by two different but closely linked loci. In order to screen other genes related to F4ab/ac adhesion in piglets, the mRNA profiles from six full sib piglets, of which three were adhesive to ETEC F4ab/ac and three non-adhesive, were analyzed by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH). One up-regulated gene, Ep-CAM, was selected for further analysis based on its role in the intestinal epithelial cells adhesion. Using real-time RT-PCR, we found that the Ep-CAM gene was significantly up-regulated in the piglets adhesive to F4ab/ac. It was mapped to SSC3q11-q14 by radiation hybrid mapping.

Differential Evolution Algorithm for Constraint Joint Replenishment Problem with Indirect Grouping Strategy

Li Chengyan,Gao Jun,Zhang Tianwei,Wang Xiaotian 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.5

The joint replenishment problem with deterministic resource restriction is considered. We present a differential evolution (DE) algorithm that uses indirect grouping strategy to solve constrained joint replenishment. The procedure and structure of the DE algorithm is proposed. Extensive computational experiments are performed to compare the performances of the DE algorithm with results of genetic algorithm (GA) and heuristic algorithm CRAND. The experimental results indicate that the DE algorithm performs relative to CRAND and superior to GA.

Spatio-Temporal Saliency Fusion Based Small Infrared Moving Target Detection Under Sea-Sky Background

Li Shaoyi,Wang Xiaotian,Zhang Kai,Niu Saisai,Zou Yijun 제어로봇시스템학회 2019 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10

Small infrared moving target detection has an important role in the sea-based infrared search and tracking, maritime area surveillance and other applications. This method aims to detect the small infrared moving targets with the sea-sky background. The present study proposes a detection algorithm for small infrared targets based on the spatio-temporal saliency fusion. The contourlet analysis and edge extraction are carried out in the concurrent design. In order to effectively suppress the background and improve the target signal-clutter ratio, the spectral residual method is combined with the abovementioned methods to reconstruct the target fusion saliency image. Then the target motion region is estimated based on the optical flow method for the fusion saliency image and it is matched with the target area of interest to achieve the moving target detection. Moreover, the pipeline filtering is introduced to achieve the target confirmation by multi-frame judgment, reduce false alarm rate and complete the moving target detection for the infrared image sequence. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve continuous target detection and have a higher detection precision via real long wave infrared image sequences.

Numerical simulation of a toroidal single-phase natural circulation loop with a k-k-ω transitional turbulence model

Geng Yiwa,Liu Xiongbin,Li Xiaotian,Zhang Yajun 한국원자력학회 2024 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.56 No.1

The wall friction correlations of oscillatory natural circulation loops are highly loop-specific, making it difficult to perform 1-D system simulations before obtaining specific experimental data. To better predict the friction characteristics, the nonlinear dynamics of a toroidal single-phase natural circulation loop were numerically investigated, and the transition effect was considered. The k-kL-ω transitional turbulence and k-ω SST turbulence models were used to compute the flow characteristics of the loop under different heating powers varying from 0.48 to 1.0 W/cm2, and the results of both models were compared with previous experiments. The mass flow rates and friction factors predicted by the k-kL-ω model showed a better agreement with the experimental data than the results of the k-ω SST model. The oscillation frequencies calculated using both models agreed well with the experimental data. The k-kL-ω transitional turbulence model provided better friction-factor predictions in oscillatory natural circulation loops because it can reproduce the temporal and spatial variation of the wall shear stress more accurately by capturing the movement of laminar, transition turbulent zones inside unstable natural circulation loops. This study shows that transition effects are a possible explanation for the highly loop-specific friction correlations observed in various oscillatory natural circulation loops.

Effect of Iliac Vein Stent with Crown on Flow Field of Bifurcation

WenYing,Haiquan Feng,Xiaoqiang Li,Xiaotian Wang,Ping Cao,Yonggang Wang 한국유체기계학회 2020 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.13 No.2

Interference in blood flow at bifurcation after stent implantation is one of the important causes of thrombosis. Therefore, it is necessary to research the effects of stent structure and implantation position on hemodynamics. Computational fluid dynamics and experimental comparative research methods were used to analyze the influence of stent structure and position of stent on exit velocity, pressure difference between inlet and outlet, higher and lower wall shear stress areas and contralateral flow field. It is indicated in the research that the effect of iliac vein stent implantation on the flow velocity and pressure distribution at the outlet is not obvious, but stent implantation has an influence on the proportion of low wall shear stress and high wall shear stress area in the iliac vein. The low wall shear stress area is inversely proportional to the height of the stent. After stent is implanted, proportion of the high wall shear stress area will decrease, but the degree of decline is not obvious. As the height of stent is increased, the disturbing effect of stent on contralateral blood flow becomes more pronounced. In addition, it is confirmed by the experiments in vitro and in vivo that stent with crown would effectively reduce the interference to the contralateral flow field and the risk of thrombosis and restenosis. Finite element analysis provides effective theoretical support for studying the influence of iliac vein stent implantation on blood flow field.

Association between the Polymorphism in FUT1 Gene and the Resistance to PWD and ED in Three Pig Breeds

Luo, Yanru,Qiu, Xiaotian,Li, Hejun,Zhang, Qin Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2010 Animal Bioscience Vol.23 No.10

Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) and oedema disease (ED) caused by E. coli F18 always result in economic losses to pig producers, and no effective methods of controlling PWD and ED are presently available. FUT1 has been identified as a candidate gene controlling the expression of E. coli F18 receptor. This study examined the correlation between F18ab and F18ac adhesion phenotypes and the polymorphism at position M307 of the FUT1 gene in three pig breeds (231 Large White, 107 Landrace and 109 Songliao Black). The results showed: i) Both the susceptible genotypes (GG and GA) and the adhesion phenotypes (adhesive or weekly adhesive) were dominant in all three breeds with frequencies over 95%. ii) Three adhesion patterns of the two F18 variants F18ab and F18ac, i.e., ($ab^+$, $ac^+$), ($ab^+$, $ac^-$) and ($ab^-$, $ac^-$), were found in all three breeds, and there was no significant difference in the distribution of adhesion phenotypes of the two variants (separately or jointly) among the three breeds (p>0.05). iii) The FUT1 M307 genotypes were completely associated with the F18ab adhesion phenotypes and very strongly associated with the F18ac adhesion phenotypes. All individuals of genotype AA were non-adhesive to both F18ab and F18ac. All individuals of genotype GG or GA were adhesive to F18ab, whereas 11% of them were non-adhesive to F18ac. These results suggest that the polymorphism at FUT1 M307 can be used for marker-assisted selection of PWD and ED resistant pigs.

Trastuzumab combined with irinotecan in patients with HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer: A phase II single-arm study and exploratory biomarker analysis

Ting Xu,Xicheng Wang,Ying Xin,Zhenghang Wang,Jifang Gong,Xiaotian Zhang,Yanyan Li,Congcong Ji,Yu Sun,Feilong Zhao,Depei Huang,Yuezong Bai,Jian Li,Lin Shen 대한암학회 2023 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.55 No.2

Purpose The human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an established therapeutic target for various kinds of solid tumors. HER2 amplification occurs in approximately 1% to 6% of colorectal cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in HER2-positive metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Materials and Methods An open-label, phase II trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03185988) was designed to evaluate the antitumor activity of trastuzumab and chemotherapy in HER2-positive digestive cancers excluding gastric cancer in 2017. Patients from this trial with HER2-positive, KRAS/BRAF wild-type, unresectable mCRC were analyzed in this manuscript. Eligible patients were treated with trastuzumab (8 mg/kg loading dose and then 6 mg/kg every 3 weeks) and irinotecan (120 mg/m2 days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate. Results Twenty-one HER2-positive mCRC patients were enrolled in this study. Seven patients (33.3%) achieved an objective res-ponse, and 11 patients (52.4%) had stable disease as their best response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.3 months (95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 5.9). Four of the 21 patients (19.0%) had grade 3 adverse events, including leukopenia, neutropenia, urinary tract infection, and diarrhea. No treatment-related death was reported. Exploratory analyses revealed that high tumor tissue HER2 copy number was associated with better therapeutic response and PFS. Alterations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, HER2 gene, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/AKT pathway, and cell cycle control genes were potential drivers of trastuzumab resistance in mCRC. Conclusion Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy is a potentially effective and well-tolerated therapeutic regimen in mCRC with a high HER2 copy number.

Effects of Water-Soluble Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharides on the Immune Funtions of Patients with Advanced Lung Cancer

Shufeng Zhou,Yihuai Gao,Wenbo Tang,Xihu Dai,He Gao,Guoliang Chen,Jinxian Ye,Eli Chan,Hwee Lling Koh,Xiaotian Li 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.2

Preclinical studies have established that the polysaccharide fractions of Ganoderma lucidumhave potential an-titumor activity. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that G. lucidumpolysaccharides enhance host immune functions[e.g., enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity] in patients with advanced solid tumors, although an objective response wasnot observed. This open-label study aimed to evaluate the effects of water-soluble G. lucidumpolysaccharides (Ganopoly??,Encore International Corp., Auckland, New Zealand) on immune functions in patients with advanced lung cancer. Thirty-sixpatients were enrolled and treated with 5.4 g/day Ganopoly for 12 weeks. In the 30 cancer patients who completed the trial,treatment with Ganopoly did not significantly alter the mean mitogenic reactivity to phytohemagglutinin, mean counts of CD3,CD4, CD8, and CD56, mean plasma concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and interferon (IFN)-., or NK activity in thepatients, but the results were significantly variable. However, some cancer patients demonstrated markedly modulated im-mune functions. The changes in IL-1 were correlated with those for IL-6, IFN-., CD3, CD8, and NK activity (P. .05), andIL-2 changes were correlated with those for IL-6, CD8, and NK activity. The results suggest that subgroups of cancer patientsmight be responsive to Ganopoly in combination with chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Further studies are needed to explore theefficacy and safety of Ganopoly used alone or in combination with chemotherapy/radiotherapy in lung cancer patients.

Whole-genome sequence association study identifies cyclin dependent kinase 8 as a key gene for the number of mummified piglets

Wu Pingxian,Chen Dejuan,Wang Kai,Wang Shujie,Liu Yihui,Jiang Anan,Xiao Weihang,Jiang Yanzhi,Zhu Li,Xu Xu,Qiu Xiaotian,Li Xuewei,Tang Guoqing 아세아·태평양축산학회 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.1

Objective: Pigs, an ideal biomedical model for human diseases, suffer from about 50% early embryonic and fetal death, a major cause of fertility loss worldwide. However, identifying the causal variant remains a huge challenge. This study aimed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and candidate genes for the number of mummified (NM) piglets using the imputed whole-genome sequence (WGS) and validate the potential candidate genes. Methods: The imputed WGS was introduced from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) using a multi-breed reference population. We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for NM piglets at birth from a Landrace pig populatiGWAS peak located on SSC11: 0.10 to 7.11 Mbp (Top SNP, SSC11:1,889,658 bp; p = 9.98E-13) was identified in cyclin dependent kinase on. A total of 300 Landrace pigs were genotyped by GBS. The whole-genome variants were imputed, and 4,252,858 SNPs were obtained. Various molecular experiments were conducted to determine how the genes affected NM in pigs. Results: A strong GWAS peak located on SSC11: 0.10 to 7.11 Mbp (Top SNP, SSC11:1,889,658 bp; p = 9.98E-13) was identified in cyclin dependent kinase 8 (CDK8) gene, which plays a crucial role in embryonic retardation and lethality. Based on the molecular experiments, we found that Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) was a crucial transcription factor for CDK8, which mediated the effect of CDK8 in the proliferation of porcine ovarian granulosa cells via transforming growth factor beta/small mother against decapentaplegic signaling pathway, and, as a consequence, affected embryo quality, indicating that this pathway may be contributing to mummified fetal in pigs. Conclusion: A powerful imputation-based association study was performed to identify genes associated with NM in pigs. CDK8 was suggested as a functional gene for the proliferation of porcine ovarian granulosa cells, but further studies are required to determine causative mutations and the effect of loci on NM in pigs.

Study on Effects of Blending Fiber Type and Ratio on Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Blended Yarns and Fabrics

Xiao Tian,Tszyin Poon,Yiyi Yang,Hong Hu,Jimin Fu,Jianhui Li,Ben Niu 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.9

Chitosan fiber possesses inherent advantages, such as excellent biocompatibility, nontoxicity as well asantibacterial property. However, there is no systematic study on the chitosan fiber blending effect with other fibers, and onthat basis, there is no suitable fiber blending technology for yarn and fabric production, which results in the incorrectproportion of chitosan fiber blended with other fiber type and thus lowers the fabric functionality as well as increases thematerial cost. In this study, thirteen chitosan blended yarns were designed and developed. Blending yarn structure wasexamined and the effects of blending fiber type and ratio on the antibacterial and physical property were firstly investigated. The experimental results show that the inhibition rate rises with the increase of the chitosan blending ratio. The polyester/cotton/chitosan and tencel/chitosan yarns have a better inhibition rate of Staphylococcus than that of the cotton/chitosan yarn,indicating that the blending fiber type has an impact on antibacterial properties. Moreover, various chitosan blended knittedfabrics were produced by using the chitosan blended yarns developed and their antibacterial, physical properties and comfortas well as anti-mite activity were evaluated. The results illustrate that the knitted fabrics with a small amount of chitosanfibers exhibit excellent antibacterial properties and desirable comfort. Furthermore, the chitosan blended fabrics present theanti-mites effect. This work would contribute to lowering the material cost of functional yarns and promoting thedevelopment of antibacterial textiles.