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Role of Hydrogen Generation by Klebsiella pneumoniae in the Oral Cavity
Tomoko Kanazuru,Kumiko Nagata,Hiroshi Matsui,Kunihiko Watanabe,Eisuke F. Sato,Emiko Kasahara,Mika Jikumaru,June Inoue,Masayasu Inoue 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.6
Some gastrointestinal bacteria synthesize hydrogen (H2) by fermentation. Despite the presence of bactericidal factors in human saliva, a large number of bacteria also live in the oral cavity. It has never been shown that oral bacteria also produce H2 or what role H2 might play in the oral cavity. It was found that a significant amount of H2 is synthesized in the oral cavity of healthy human subjects, and that its generation is enhanced by the presence of glucose but inhibited by either teeth brushing or sterilization with povidone iodine. These observations suggest the presence of H2-generating bacteria in the oral cavity. The screening of commensal bacteria in the oral cavity revealed that a variety of anaerobic bacteria generate H2. Among them,Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) generated significantly large amounts of H2 in the presence of glucose. Biochemical analysis revealed that various proteins in K. pneumoniae are carbonylated under standard culture conditions, and that oxidative stress induced by the presence of Fe++ and H2O2 increases the number of carbonylated proteins, particularly when their hydrogenase activity is inhibited by KCN. Inhibition of H2generation markedly suppresses the growth of K. pneumoniae. These observations suggest that H2 generation and/or the reduction of oxidative stress is important for the survival and growth of K. pneumoniae in the oral cavity.
Tomoko Ikeda,池田孝博,靑柳領,최태희,한남익,홍예주,구광수,남윤신,서영환 한국발육발달학회 2020 한국발육발달학회지 Vol.28 No.4
이 연구의 목적은 신체 활동에 대한 성향과 국적, 성별, BMI 및 체중 조절 방법으로서의 신체 활동의 효과를 조사하는 것이다. 대상자는 일본과 한국 대학생 1,833명(일본 910명, 한국 923명)의 학생을 대상으로 하였으며, 통계적 분석은 카이 제곱 검정과 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 실시하였다. BMI와 관련하여 비교했을 때, 일본과 한국 대학생 모두 여학생의 “저체중” 비율이 남학생보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. 한국 학생들 중 남학생은 여학생보다 모든 강도에서 운동을 더 많이 한 것으로 나타났으며, 일본 학생들은 가벼운 신체 활동에 대해 성별 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 남학생은 여학생보다 중등도의 격렬한 신체 활동에 더 많이 참여하는 것으로 나타났다. 한국 학생들과 마찬가지로 신체 활동의 강도 수준이 높아질수록 여학생 참여도는 감소했으나, 연구 과정에서 일본과 한국의 남학생보다 여학생이 더 많은 체중을 감량한 것으로 나타났다. BMI 순위와 경증 및 중등도 신체 활동과의 상관관계는 운동 기간이 “4일 이하”인지 “5일 이상”인지에 따라 “정상체중” 또는 “저체중”에서의 운동 기간에서 나오는 참가자의 관점에서의 차이가 관찰되었다. 또한 격렬한 신체 활동에 참여한 학생과 그렇지 않은 학생 간에BMI 순위의 차이가 관찰되었다. 후자 그룹은 "저체중" 학생 비율이 낮고 "정상체중" 학생 비율이 더 높은 것으로나타났다. 체중을 감량한 일본인 학생들의 대다수는 중등도의 격렬한 신체 활동을 하지 않았으며, 또한 체중을 감량한 한국 학생들보다 운동한 날은 적은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 일본 학생들과 관련한 데이터는 신체 활동의 강도와 체중 조절 사이에서 약한 상관관계가 있음을 보여주었다.
The role of oxidative stress and hypoxia in renal disease
Tomoko Honda,Yosuke Hirakawa,Masaomi Nangaku 대한신장학회 2019 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.38 No.4
Oxygen is required to sustain aerobic organisms. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are constantly released during mitochondrial oxygen consumption for energy production. Any imbalance between ROS production and its scavenger system induces oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, a critical contributor to tissue damage, is well-known to be associated with various diseases. The kidney is susceptible to hypoxia, and renal hypoxia is a common final pathway to end stage kidney disease, regardless of the underlying cause. Renal hypoxia aggravates oxidative stress, and elevated oxidative stress, in turn, exacerbates renal hypoxia. Oxidative stress is also enhanced in chronic kidney disease, especially diabetic kidney disease, through various mechanisms. Thus, the vicious cycle between oxidative stress and renal hypoxia critically contributes to the progression of renal injury. This review examines recent evidence connecting chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress in renal disease and subsequently describes several promising therapeutic approaches against oxidative stress.
Development of e-learning materials for Japanese Language Study
Tomoko Nakamizo 대한전자공학회 2008 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2008 No.7
Two sets of e-learning materials for Basic Japanese Courses have been developed to respond to the needs of the international students at Yamaguchi University. One, is the material the students should study before coming to Japan. The material consists of necessary topics for their early days in Japan, aiming to achieve their easy adaptation and more efficient classes in the Japanese courses. The next step is to develop materials to encourage the students to study on a daily basis in their own country to attain a higher level skills in Japanese before coming to Japan.
Resonance Frequency Estimation of Time-Series Data by Subspace Method
Tomoko Hirao,Shuichi Adachi 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
This paper studies an estimation problem of a dominant resonance frequency from time-series data. We proposed an estimatio method which incorporates system identification technique into time-series analysis. However, this method has a problem that the estimated resonance frequency is biased. In this paper, a new method which uses subspace method is proposed based on time-series data. The key idea of this method is to use an auto-covariance function of the time-series data instead of impulse response or ordinary input-output data. Hankel matrix of the time-series is consturcted by the auto-convariance function. Then, subspace method is applied to the Hankel matrix, and the resonance frequency can be calculated. Effectiveness of the method is examined through numerical examples.
Association between taste perception, nutrient intake, and mental health in young Japanese women
Tomoko Okayama,Hiroko Watanabe 한국영양학회 2019 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.13 No.1
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Taste perception is influenced by both nutritional factors and psychological factors. This study was undertaken to measure the 4 basic taste perceptions, nutrient intake, and mental health, and to examine the factors that affect insensitive taste perception in young Japanese women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Young women in their late teens and twenties were enrolled as subjects. Taste perception was measured by applying the filter-paper disc method over areas of the chorda tympani nerve. Nutritional status was evaluated using brief, self-administered diet history questionnaires. The index of nutritional status was based on the 2015 Japanese dietary reference intakes. Mental health was assessed using the Japanese translation of the Profile of Mood States short version. This study was approved by the ethical committee at Osaka University. RESULTS: The normal taste perception group (four basic tastes [sweet, salty, sour, and bitter] identified as normal taste perception) comprised 55.4% of the subjects, while the abnormal taste perception group (more than 1 abnormal taste perception was perceived, regardless of flavor) comprised 44.6% of the subjects. There were no significant differences in nutrient intake (except manganese) and mental health between the normal and abnormal taste perception groups. Subjects who took 5 mg to less than 7.1 mg zinc per day were at significantly decreased risk of insensitive taste perception compared to subjects who consumed less than 5 mg zinc per day [Regression coefficient 0.831, 95% confidence interval 0.694-0.996]. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that insensitive taste perception could be associated with zinc deficiency in young women in their late teens and twenties.