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Acoustic correlates of L2 English stress
Takayuki Konishi,Jihyeon Yun,Mariko Kondo 한국음성학회 2018 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.10 No.1
This study compared the relative contributions of intensity, F0, duration and vowel spectra of L2 English lexical stress by Japanese and Korean learners of English. Recordings of Japanese, Korean and native English speakers reading eighteen 2 to 4 syllable words in a carrier sentence were analyzed using multiple regression to investigate the influence of each acoustic correlate in determining whether a vowel was stressed. The relative contribution of each correlate was calculated by converting the coefficients to percentages. The Japanese learner group showed phonological transfer of L1 phonology to L2 lexical prosody and relied mostly on F0 and duration in manifesting L2 English stress. This is consistent with the results of the previous studies. However, advanced Japanese speakers in the group showed less reliance on F0, and more use of intensity, which is another parameter used in native English stress accents. On the other hand, there was little influence of F0 on L2 English stress by the Korean learners, probably due to the transfer of the Korean intonation pattern to L2 English prosody. Hence, this study shows that L1 transfer happens at the prosodic level for Japanese learners of English and at the intonational level for Korean learners.
Tomohiro Kondo,Suguru Yoshida,Hiroaki Nagai,Ai Takeshita,Masaki Mino,Hiroshi Morioka,Takayuki Nakajima,Ken Takeshi Kusakabe,Toshiya Okada 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.4
In Mongolian gerbils, bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for several minutes induces ischemia, due to an incomplete circle of Willis, resulting in delayed neuronal cell death in the Cornet d’Ammon 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus. Neuronal cell death in the hippocampus and changes in behavior were examined after BCCAO was performed for 5 min in the gerbils. One day after BCCAO, the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region of the hippocampus showed degenerative changes (clumped chromatin in nuclei). At 5 and 10 days after BCCAO, extensive neuronal cell death was observed in the hippocampal CA1 region. Cognitive performance was evaluated by using the radial maze and passive avoidance tests. In the radial maze test, which examines win-stay performance, the number of errors was significantly higher in ischemic gerbils than in sham-operated gerbils on days 1 and 2 post-operation. In the passive avoidance test, the latency and freezing times were significantly shorter in ischemic gerbils than in sham-operated gerbils on the days 1, 2, and 4–6 post-operation. These results indicate that transient forebrain ischemia impairs cognitive performance, even immediately after the ischemic insult when there are only subtle signs of neuronal cell death.
Eiji Kondo,Tsutomu Tabata,Nao Suzuki,Daisuke Aoki,Hideaki Yahata,Yoshio Kotera,Osamu Tokuyama,Keiichi Fujiwara,Eizo Kimura,Fumitoshi Terauchi,Toshiyuki Sumi,Aikou Okamoto,Nobuo Yaegashi,Takayuki Enomo 대한부인종양학회 2020 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.31 No.6
Objective: In this study we sought to investigate the clinical factors that affect post progression survival (PPS) in patients with recurrent or persistent clear cell carcinoma (CCC). We utilized the JGOG3017/Gynecological Cancer InterGroup data to compare paclitaxel pluscarboplatin (TC) and irinotecan plus cisplatin (CPT-P) in the treatment of stages I to IV CCC. Methods: We enrolled 166 patients with recurrent or persistent CCC and assessed the impactof variables, including platinum sensitivity, treatment arm, crossover chemotherapy, primarystage, residual tumor at primary surgery, performance status, ethnicity, and tumor reductionsurgery at recurrence on the median of PPS in patients with recurrent or persistent CCC. Results: A total of 77 patients received TC, and 89 patients received CPT-P. The median PPSfor patients with platinum-resistant disease was 10.9 months, compared with 18.8 monthsfor patients with platinum-sensitive disease (hazard ratio [HR]=1.88; 95% confidence interval[CI]=1.30–2.72; log-rank p<0.001). In the multivariate analysis, the platinum sensitivity(resistant vs. sensitivity; HR=1.60; p=0.027) and primary stage (p=0.009) were identified asindependent predictors of prognosis factors for PPS in recurrent or persistent CCC. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that platinum sensitivity and primary stage are clinicalfactors that significantly affect PPS in patients with recurrent or persistent CCC as well as other histologic subtypes of ovarian cancer. PPS in patients with recurrent CCC shouldestablish the basis for future clinical trials in this population.
Switching to systemic therapy after locoregional treatment failure: Definition and best timing
Sadahisa Ogasawara,Yoshihiko Ooka,Keisuke Koroki,Susumu Maruta,Hiroaki Kanzaki,Kengo Kanayama,Kazufumi Kobayashi,Soichiro Kiyono,Masato Nakamura,Naoya Kanogawa,Tomoko Saito,Takayuki Kondo,Eiichiro Suz 대한간학회 2020 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.26 No.2
In patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without both macrovascular invasion and extrahepatic metastasis, the initial treatment choice recommended is transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Before sorafenib came into wide use, TACE had been pointlessly carried out repeatedly. It was in the early 2010s that the concept of TACE refractory was advocated. Two retrospective studies from Japan indicated that conversion from TACE to sorafenib the day after patients were deemed as TACE refractory improved overall survival compared with continued TACE, according to the definition by the Japan Society of Hepatology. Nowadays, phase 3 trials have shown clinical benefits of several novel molecular target agents. Compared with the era of sorafenib, sequential treatments with these molecular target agents have gradually prolonged patients’ survival and have become major strategies in patients with HCC. Taking these together, conversion from TACE to systemic therapies at the time of TACE refractory, compared with before, may have a greater impact on survival and may be considered deeper in the decisions-making process in patients with unresectable HCC who are candidate for TACE. Up-to-date information on the concept of TACE refractory is summarized in this review. We believe that the survival of patients with unresectable HCC without both macrovascular invasion and extrahepatic metastasis may be dramatically improved by optimal timing of TACE refractory and switching to systemic therapies.