北韓의 行政體系의 變化에 관한 硏究

李聖九,張基秀 弘益大學校 1987 弘大論叢 Vol.19 No.1

The major traits of the North Korean administrative organization can be listed as follows. To begin with, its power structure consists of dualistic system-the Party and the governmental organ. The organic interrelatedness between the Party and the governmental organ has always been strongly stressed. And the organic interrelatedness between them is considered, can most successfully be realized only though the merging of both heads of the party and the government into one. The control of administration by the Party is most complete. And in order to secure the control, the governing power of the administrative organs stems directly from the Party. The administrative system of North Korea has undergone reorganizations as many as eight times since its establishment. The reorganizations of the governmental organ, however, have all been carried out in order to suit and satisfy the aims solely of Kim Il-Sung. Another aspect to be noted is that the first revolutionary generation is lagely replaced by the younger generation comprising bureaucrats of either the Party or the government. As a result, the general trend is toward 'bureaucratization' or the progressive transformation of politics into administration. In terms of organizational change in the North Korea's governmental structure, the lack of efficiency, specialization, effectivity in its structures is noticeable. To make up for these weakness, the decentralization and autonomy of its structure is urgently called for-at least in the substructures beneath the State Cabinet. What obstructs the way, however, (the State Council) is the ever present necessity of strong control over the governmental bodies in order to secure its stability, for the long-drawn-out Kim Il-Sung regime has of necessity raised such harassing problems as the threatening signs of seditions and as the undermining counter-effects. This is the serious dilemma in which the North Korean government finds itself.

생약제제인 이공산(異功散)의 Cisplatin 유도 신장독성 보호 및 항산화 효과

Lee, Kyung-Tae,Ahn, Kyoo-Seok,Chang, Sung-Goo,Oh, Soo-Myung,Jung, Jee-Chang 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Kyung-Tae Lee, Kyoo-Seok Ahn¹, Sung-Goo Chang², Soo-Myung Oh²and Jee-Chang Jung²¹College of Pharmacy, ²Oriental Medicine and ³College of Medicine, and East-West Medical Reserch Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea. Preventive and Antioxidative Effects of Crude Drug Preparation(E-kong-san) on Cisplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 201-211, 1999. -Nephroprotective effects of a crude drug-prearation (E-kong-san) were determined from cisplatin on rabbit kidney proximal tubule and human renal cortical cells by MTT assays and sustained glucose consumption on ciplatin-induced human renal cortical tissue. Levels of creatinine and blood ure nitrogen(BUN) in serum after administration of cisplatin(0.75mg/kg,i.p.) to E-kong-san(0.75g/kg/day,p.o.)-pretreated rats were markedly lower compared to those of cisplatin-treated rats. Moreover, the administration of E-kong-san significantly inhibited the loss of body weight of cisplatin injected rts. These findings suggest that E-kong-san on the cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity led us to investigate whether the effect of this water extract was a result of anti-oxidation. E-kong-san showed strong free radical scavenger activities on 1,1-dipheny1-2picrylhydrazil(DPPH) radical and xanthine/xanthine oxidase(XOD) generated superoxide anion radical(O2-). We further studied the effects of E-kong-san on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes induced by enzymatic and nonenzymatic methods. E-kong-san exhibited significant inhibition on both ascorbic acid/Fe2+and ADP/NADPH/Fe3+ induced lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. Based on these results, we suggest that-E-kong-san attenuate the cisplatin induced cytotoxicity and its mechanism can be eplained by antioxidant.

PET/CT 검사에서 환자체형에 따른 적정검사 프로토콜에 관한 고찰

조석원,함준철,강천구,반영각,이승재,임한상,이창호,박훈희,Cho, Seok Won,Ham, Joon-Chul,Kang, Chun Goo,Bahn, Young Kag,Lee, Seung Jae,Lim, Han Sang,Lee, Chang-Ho,Park, Hoon-Hee 대한핵의학기술학회 2013 핵의학 기술 Vol.17 No.2

Purpose: Whole-body PET using radiopharmaceutical is one of the imaging study methods for physiological changes of body. High specificity of the PET-CT examination is used to detect an early stages of cancer and metastatic cancer by imaging a physiological changes. During the imaging process, PET image has been characterized by a relatively low image quality due to its low sensitivity and the acquisition of random and scatter coincidences as well as patients figure. Therefore, the image quality as the changes of the acquisition times of patient weight was evaluated in this study. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients who presented to our hospital were enrolled. They were divided to normal, overweight, and obese group using BMI index, respectively. The patients with a liver disease and diabetes were excluded. $^{18}F-FDG$ was administered to the patients as 5.2 MBq per kg. After an hour from an injection, image acquisition was obtained as List mode in a part of liver in 1 bed. SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) of each groups acquisition times were confirmed from the calculated radiation counts and random fractions. The statistical significance of three groups was confirmed through one-way ANOVA test. On the basis of the counts of 2 minutes on normal group, the SNR of overweight group and obese group were compared. Results: The SNR were increased with loger aquisition time in 3 groups. In the condition of same acquisition time, the SNR had a statistical significance (P<0.05). The SNR were decreased to the normal, overweight, and obese, respectively. Liver activity had no significance difference on each group and RF had the significance differences (P<0.05). On the basis of the counts of 2 minutes on normal group, there were no statistical significance in a three minute acquisitions of overweight group and two minute acquisitions of obese group (P=0.150). Conclusion: In this study, the administrated amount of radiation dose did not adjust as the change of the patients weight. Increasing the acquisition time when the administration of the same amount of dose was able to get a good result of SNR. When the Based 2 minute on normal group, if overweight and obese case the increased acquisition time of 3 minute was able to obtain a similar SNR. On the basis of the normal group, the acquisition times of overweight and obese group were increased to 3 minutes per bed and the SNR were similar to the normal group.

전립선 비대증의 약물요법

장성구 대한의사협회 2004 대한의사협회지 Vol.47 No.2

Titanium과 Cobalt Silicide에 관한 연구

장의구,김상용 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1989 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.19 No.-

A composite polycide structure consisting of referactory metal and noble metal silicide film on top of polysilicon has been considered as a replacement for polysilicon as a gate electrode and interconnect line in MOSFET integrated circuits. In this paper presents divice characteristics of MOS with ?? polycide and ?? polycide gate. Also, evaporated Ti, Co films on polysilicon has been annealed by RTA and furnace annealing in N(??) ambient at ternperature of 400℃-1000℃. The Ti-, Co-silicide formation is characterized by 4-point probe, silicide growth rate and its reproductivity has been examined by SEM.

Halon 1301과 Halon 대체 소화약제를 기포제로 이용한 포 소화약제에 대한 연구

정기창,임성묵,이창섭,강영구,김홍 (사단법인)韓國火災 ·消防學會 1996 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.10 No.3

포 소화약제는 물보다 비중이 가벼운 액체 가연물 또는 입체면이 많은 건물에서 포 수용액을 팽창 발포시켜 대상물을 덮어 씌우거나 봉쇄해서 질식소화 시킬 수 있다. 포 소화약제로 소화성능이 탁월한 수성막포(AFFF) 소화약제를 노즐에 의해 공기와의 혼합으로 포를 형성하는 기존의 방법과 다른 방법으로 본 연구에서는 Halon 1301 및 Halon 대체 소화약제를 기포제로 사용하여 소화성능과 팽창비를 향상시킨 소화약제를 개발하게 되었다. 개발한 Halon 1301과 Halon 대체 소화약제를 기포제로 사용한 수성막포 소화약제는 적은 양의 수성막포 수용액으로 많은 양의 포를 형성하므로 휴대용 포 소화기 또는 포 소화설비 등에 유용하게 사용할 수 있다. The AFFF(Aqueous Film Forming Foam : 3M Company's Light Water) agent are synthetic compounds that foams which are similar to those produced by protein based materials. The foam extinguishing agent was used in the extinguisher was the AFFF agent. We sought, however, to make other foams by using halon 1301(CF_3Br) and halon alternatives, such as HCFC Blend A(CHClF_2 82%, CF_3CHCl_2 4.75%, CF_3CHClF 9.5%, C_10H_16 3.75%), HFC-227ea (CF_3CHFCF_3). We selected these alternatives instead of air in order to raise the expansion ratio of the AFFF agent. By these means we discovered that it is possible to increase the expansion ratio of the AFFF agent up to 44 : 1 and up to 24 : 1 when HFC-227ea was used as a halon alternatives. Therefore our new foam extinguishing agents can be used in a portable extinguishers.

유전자 알고리즘에 의한 모발로봇의 자세/위치 제어

한성현,이우송,김윤구,김홍래,조창제 한국공작기계학회 2006 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

This paper proposed trajectory tracking control of Mobile Robot. Trajectory tracking control scheme are Real coding Genetic-Algorithm and Back-propergation Algorithm. Control scheme ability experience is proposed by simulation.

이공산(異功散)의 in vitro에서 Cisplatin 유도 신장독성의 감소 효과

정지창,장성구,이경태,노영수,안규석,오수명 慶熙大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.26 No.-

In vitro model systems are increasingly used to investigate the mechanism of chemical-induced toxicity and for toxicological screening of new drug families. The effect of Ekongsan on the cytotoxicity induced by cisplatin on human and rabbit kidney cells was evaluated by tetrazolium-dye(MTT) assay. On the basis of Cl_50 value, cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity on human renal cortical cells was increased depend on concentration, whereas Ekongsan alone did not influence Simultaneous administration of cisplatin and Ekongsan, cytotoxicity of cisplain was reduced depend on the concentration of Ekongsan. With primary cultured proximal tubule cells results to reduce the cisplatin induced-cytotoxicity by Ekongsan was comparable to those with renal cortical cells. Based on these results, Ekongsan may has the potency to protect the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin.

N₂O분위기에서 oxynitridation에 의해 형성된 게이트 유전체의 특성

배성식,장의구 중앙대학교 생산공학연구소 1993 생산공학연구소 논문집 Vol.2 No.2

N₂O가스 분위기에서 실리콘 기판상에 직접 열산화한 oxynitride막과 10nm 및 19nm 열산화막을 재산화시킨 oxynitride막의 전기적 특성을 연구하였다. 게이트 산화막을 질화한 질산화막은 기존의 열산화막을 대체할 수 있는 유전체로서 촉망받고 있는 재료의 하나이다. 질화의 방식 가운데서, N₂O분위기에서의 열산화는 암모니아 질화에서 나타나는 수소 관련 전자트랩핑을 피할 수 있다. N₂O가스로 산화시킬 때, Si/SiO₂계면에서의 질소 축적(pile-up)이 관찰되었다. Si/SiO₂계면에서의 질소 축적은 산화율을 상당히 감소시키는 산화제 확산 장벽을 작용했다. 그리고 Si/SiO₂계면으로의 질소 도입은 계면에서의 막구조를 강화시켰을 뿐만 아니라 게이트 유전체의 질을 개선시켰다. 이 공정에 의해 형성된 oxynitride막은 Si/SiO₂계면에서의 질소 축적에 기인하여 막성장율이 쉽게 제어되었다. 본 논문에서, oxynitidation은 전기로에서 수행되었으며, oxynitride막의 특성은 AES분석, 성장율, C-V, I-V 및 절연파괴특성을 분석함으로서 조사되었다. Electricial characteristics of gate dielectircs formed by oxidation of bare and oxidized(10nm and 19nm oxide) silicon in nitrous oxide gas(N₂O) have been studied. Nitrogen incorporation into the gate oxide is one of the promising methods as a possible alternatives to thermal oxides. Among the methods of nitridation thermal oxidation in N₂O ambient is capable of avoiding the H-related electron trapping which shown in the NH₃nitridation. During the N₂O oxidation, nitrogen pile-up at Si/SiO₂interface is observed. Nitrogen pile-up at Si/SiO₂interface acted as a oxidant diffusion barrier that reduces the oxidation rate significantly. And the incorporation of nitrogen at Si/SiO₂interface not only strengthens oxynitride structure at the interface but improves the gate dielectric quality. Oxynitride films formed by this process control film growth rate easily due to nitrogen pile-up at Si/SiO₂interface. In this paper, the oxynitridation is performed by the conventional furnace and the properties of the oxynitride films haven been investigated by analyzing the AES(Auger Electron Spectroscopy), growth rate, C-V, I-V and breakdown characteristics.

전립선암 환자의 질병 상태에 따른 혈중 PSA의 변화

우원희,장성구 大韓泌尿器科學會 1998 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.39 No.6