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A Polysaccharide-Based Antibacterial Coating with Improved Durability for Clear Overlay Appliances
Park, Sohyeon,Kim, Hyun-hye,Yang, Seok Bin,Moon, Ji-Hoi,Ahn, Hyo-Won,Hong, Jinkee American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.21
<P>Clear overlay appliances (COAs) are widely used in orthodontic fields because they offer many advantages, such as cost-effectiveness, good formability, and good optical characteristics. However, it is necessary to frequently replace COAs because the thermoplastic polymers that are used to fabricate COAs have poor abrasion resistance and have a tendency to induce bacterial accumulation. Here, we have developed polysaccharide-based antibacterial multilayer films with enhanced durability, intended for COA applications. First, multilayer films composed of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and chitosan (CHI) were fabricated on polyethylene terephthalate glycol-modified (PETG), which was preferred material for COA fabrication, via a layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. Next, chemical cross-linking was introduced within the LbL-assembled multilayer films. The LbL-assembled CMC/CHI film, which was made porous and rough by the cross-linking, formed a superhydrophilic surface to prevent the adhesion of bacteria and exhibited a bacterial reduction ratio of ∼75%. Furthermore, the cross-linking of the multilayer film coated on the PETG also improved the chemical resistance and mechanical stability of the PETG under simulated intraoral conditions with artificial saliva, by increasing the bond strength between the polysaccharide chains. We attempted to accumulate datasets using our experimental design and to develop sophisticated methods to assess nanoscale changes through large-scale measurements.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
유시영,최예지,김상준,정현석,마지영,김영훈,문소현,강일향,정유진,서채원,신경식,김지은,Yu, Si Young,Choi, Yejee,Kim, Sangjoon,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Ma, Jiyoung,Kim, Young Hoon,Moon, Sohyeon,Kang, Ilhyang,Jeong, Eujin,Suh, Chae Won,Shin, Kyun 대한생물정신의학회 2016 생물정신의학 Vol.23 No.3
Aggression and aggressive behaviors, often explained as harmful social interaction with the intention of hurting or inflicting damage upon another, have been considered as an adaptive mechanism from the evolutionary psychological point of view. However, various studies on aggression and aggressive behaviors have been done with psychopathological approach as the extreme aggressive behaviors may harm themselves and others at the same time. Recently, researchers have attempted to explain aggression in terms of neurobiological substrates rather than based on traditional psychopathological and/or behavioral concept. In this regard, there have been findings of differences in neurotransmitters and their receptors, and genetic polymorphisms. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of the literature about seven most frequently reported neurotransmitters including neurohormones (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, nitric oxide, oxytocin and vasopressin) and an associated enzyme (monoamine oxidase A), which are known to be related with aggression and aggressive behaviors.