Single‐Molecule Four‐Color FRET

Lee ,, Jinwoo,Lee ,, Sanghwa,Ragunathan, Kaushik,Joo, Chirlmin,Ha, Taekjip,Hohng, Sungchul WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2010 Angewandte Chemie Vol.122 No.51

<P><B>Sechs FRET‐Interfluorophoreffizienzen</B> <I>E</I><SUB><I>ij</I></SUB> (siehe Schema) wurden in Echtzeit durch eine Einzelmolekül‐Vierfarben‐FRET‐Technik mittels konfokaler Mikroskopie sowie Fluoreszenzmikroskopie mit interner Totalreflexion bestimmt. Das Verfahren wurde verwendet, um die korrelierte Bewegung der vier Arme der Holliday‐Junction und die Korrelation von RecA‐vermittelten Strangaustauschereignissen an beiden Enden eines synaptischen Komplexes zu untersuchen.</P>

1949년 사회주의 중국 건국이 중국철학에 미친 영향 : 사회주의 중국 성립 이전과 이후 풍우란(馮友蘭) 철학의 연속성과 단절성을 중심으로

이상화 ( Lee¸ Sanghwa ) 연세대학교 인문학연구원 2021 人文科學 Vol.122 No.-

이 연구의 목적은 사회주의 중국 건국 이전과 이후 풍우란(馮友蘭) 철학의 연속성과 단절성을 분석하여 사회주의 중국 건국이 중국철학에 끼친 영향을 규명하는 데 있다. 이를 위해서 먼저 중화인민공화국 성립 이전과 이후의 풍우란 철학의 단절성을 살펴볼 수 있다. 그 내용을 보면 첫째 철학에 대한 이해, 둘째 역사와 철학사에 대한 이해, 셋째 공상(개념, 보편)과 수상(개별, 특수)의 관계에서 단절성이 보인다. 이어서 연속성을 살펴볼 수 있다. 첫째 공상(보편성) 중심의 사유가 지속된다는 점, 둘째 서양중심의 학문관을 유지하고 있다는 점, 셋째 쓰인 역사와 쓰인 철학사를 본래 역사와 본래 철학사와 구분한다는 점이 풍우란의 연속성이라고 할 수 있다. 아울러 이러한 단절성과 연속성의 이유는 다음과 같다. 먼저 단절성의 이유는 1949년 이후에 풍우란에 대한 비판이 지속되었다는 점이다. 비판 내용을 보면, 풍우란 저작에 대한 계급성과 풍우란 철학의 형이상학에 대한 비판이 대부분이었다. 따라서 풍우란은 자신의 부르주아계급성, 형이상학성에서 벗어나야할 상황에 처해있었다. 또한 사회주의 중국의 지성계는 기존의 철학 혹은 중국철학에 대해 인정하는 범위가 정해져 있었다. 그에 맞춰 풍우란 사상은 변화할 수밖에 없었다. 그 범위는 물질의 1차성(유물주의)과 계급성, 그리고 변증법이었다. 이 범위에 맞지 않는 풍우란의 철학은 교정될 수밖에 없었다. 다음으로 연속성의 원인을 살펴볼 수 있다. 먼저 풍우란의 신실재론이 유물론과 내적·형식적으로 친화적이었다는 이유가 존재한다. 신실재론은 보편 논리의 실재성을 강조하고, 사적 유물론(유물사관)은 역사발전 법칙의 실재성을 인정한다. 풍우란의 입장에서 보면, 생각의 변화가 어렵지 않았다. 자신이 주장하던 ‘보편성’(공상)이 철저하게 물질을 기반으로 하고 있다는 점만 고려하면 유물론은 어렵지 않게 받아들일 수 있는 관점이었다. 또한 사회주의 중국에서 강조된 변증법도 풍우란의 사고를 유지할 수 있게 한 원동력이었다. 이 변증법을 통해 풍우란은 기계적 유물론에서 벗어나 자기 사고의 연속성을 유지할 수 있었기 때문이다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the continuity and disconnection of Fung Yulan’s philosophy before and after the founding of socialist China, and to identify the influence its founding had on Chinese philosophy. There were changes in Fung’s philosophy before and after the Chinese socialist revolution. First, a change in the understanding of philosophy; second, a change in the understanding of history and philosophy; and third, changes in the relationship between universal and special. We also look at the continuity of Fung’s philosophy. First, the universality-oriented reasons persist. Second, Fung maintains a Western-centered view of learning. Third, he distinguishes between written history and original history. In addition, the reasons for this disconnect and continuity are as follows. First, the reason for the disconnect is that criticism of Fung has persisted since 1949. The majority of the criticisms were about the work of Fung and the metaphysics of Fung’s philosophy. Fung was therefore in a situation where he had to deviate from his bourgeois class, metaphysics. In addition, the intellectual world of socialist China had a range of recognition for existing philosophy or Chinese philosophy. In response, the ideas of Fung had no choice but to change. The range was the primary nature of matter (physicalism), class, and dialectic. Fung’s philosophy not within this scope had to be corrected. Next, we can look at the causes of continuity. First of all, there is the reason that Fung's theory of neo-realism was friendly to materialism, internally and externally. Neoclassical theory emphasizes the practicality of universal logic, and historical materialism recognizes the practicality of the law of historical development. From Fung's point of view, changing his mind was not difficult. It is enough to understand that the universality(共相) that he claimed was thoroughly based on materials. Materialism was an acceptable point of view. In addition, the dialectic method emphasized in socialist China was also the driving force that enabled Fung to maintain his thinking. Through this dialectic, Fung was able to carry out and announce some deviations frommechanical materialism.

A crystallographic investigation of GaN nanostructures by reciprocal space mapping in a grazing incidence geometry

Lee, Sanghwa,Sohn, Yuri,Kim, Chinkyo,Lee, Dong Ryeol,Lee, Hyun-Hwi IOP Pub 2009 Nanotechnology Vol.20 No.21

<P>Reciprocal space mapping with a two-dimensional (2D) area detector in a grazing incidence geometry was applied to determine crystallographic orientations of GaN nanostructures <I> epitaxially</I> grown on a sapphire substrate. By using both unprojected and projected reciprocal space mapping with a proper coordinate transformation, the crystallographic orientations of GaN nanostructures with respect to that of a substrate were unambiguously determined. In particular, the legs of multipods in the <I>wurtzite phase</I> were found to preferentially nucleate on the sides of tetrahedral cores in the <I>zinc blende phase</I>. </P>

Enhancement of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect by biocompatible metal clustering based on ZnO nanorods in Raman measurements

Lee, Sanghwa,Lee, Seung Ho,Paulson, Bjorn,Lee, Jae-Chul,Kim, Jun Ki Elsevier 2018 Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomole Vol.204 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The development of size-selective and non-destructive detection techniques for nanosized biomarkers has many reasons, including the study of living cells and diagnostic applications. We present an approach for Raman signal enhancement on biocompatible sensing chips based on surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy (SERS). A sensing chip was fabricated by forming a ZnO-based nanorod structure so that the Raman enhancement occurred at a gap of several tens to several hundred nanometers. The effect of coffee-ring formation was eliminated by introducing the porous ZnO nanorods for the bio-liquid sample. A peculiarity of this approach is that the gold sputtered on the ZnO nanorods initially grows at their heads forming clusters, as confirmed by secondary electron microscopy. This clustering was verified by finite element analysis to be the main factor for enhancement of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). This clustering property and the ability to adjust the size of the nanorods enabled the signal acquisition points to be refined using confocal based Raman spectroscopy, which could be applied directly to the sensor chip based on the optimization process in this experiment. It was demonstrated by using common cancer cell lines that cell growth was high on these gold-clad ZnO nanorod-based surface-enhanced Raman substrates. The porosity of the sensing chip, the improved structure for signal enhancement, and the cell assay make these gold-coated ZnO nanorods substrates promising biosensing chips with excellent potential for detecting nanometric biomarkers secreted by cells.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) chip was fabricated by depositing gold on a ZnO - based nanorod structure. </LI> <LI> The nanorod heads grow first to form clusters as gold is sputtered on the ZnO nanorods. </LI> <LI> The process was optimized by adjusting the ZnO nanorod size and Au clusters, and verified by finite element analysis (FEM). </LI> <LI> Biocompatibility testing confirmed that the Raman-based sensing chip was suitable for monitoring of living cells. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

로라 네트워크를 활용한 실시간 대기환경 모니터링 시스템 구축

이수현(Lee Soohyun),유현도(Yu Hyundo),이찬영(Lee Chanyoung),이찬휘(Lee Chanhwi),최은총(Choi Eunchong),한상화(Han Sanghwa),김예인(Kim Yein),이신원(Lee Shinwon),김신웅(Kim Shinwoong) 한국정보기술학회 2024 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2024 No.5

기술의 발전과 에너지 사용의 증가로 인한 대기 오염 물질 배출이 기후 환경에 심각한 문제가 되고 있으며, 대기질 측정을 위한 고정 측정소는 여전히 비용 및 효율성 측면에서 한계가 있다. 본 논문에서는 IoT를 기반으로 한 저비용 및 저전력 대기 측정 시스템을 개발하고, 실시간으로 대기오염 물질을 측정하는 시스템을 구축한다. 실생활에서 측정소 간의 평균 간격을 축소시킬 수 있도록 밀도 높은 측정 위치를 선정하여 더욱 촘촘한 대기 측정망을 설계한다. 측정된 데이터를 효율적으로 관리하고, 사용자들에게 실시간 모니터링 서비스를 제공한다. The rapid advancement of technology and increasing energy consumption have led to a significant increase in atmospheric pollutant emissions, posing severe challenges to the climate and environment. Traditional fixed monitoring stations for air quality assessment face limitations in terms of cost and efficiency. This paper presents the development of an IoT-based air quality monitoring system designed for low cost and low power consumption. The system is capable of measuring atmospheric pollutants in real-time and is engineered to densify the measurement locations, thus reducing the average distance between stations and creating a more comprehensive monitoring network. The collected data is efficiently managed within a database and is made available to users in real-time through a monitoring service.

Reconfigurable spintronic physical unclonable functions based on spin-orbit torques in ferromagnet/nonmagnet/ferromagnet trilayer structures

Soogil Lee,Jaimin Kang,Jeong-Mok Kim,Taek-Hyeon Lee,Sungjun Lee,Donghyeon Han,Sanghwa Lee,Kab-Jin Kim,Byong-Guk Park 한국자기학회 2021 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.31 No.1

Entering the era of Inter of Things (IOT), diverse smart devices generate and transfer enormous digital information. In this IOT environment, information security is becoming a critical issue because conventional software-based security technology is vulnerable to adversarial machine learning attacks. Thus, hardware-based security technology has been proposed to overcome this vulnerability, receiving much attention as an alternative. Especially, randomness of nature serves as an essential ingredient for the hardware-based security technology. For example, manufacturing processes of complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) involves inevitable tolerances. Therefore, every electronic device is physically not identical despite the identical manufacturing processes. Those distinguishable device characteristics under the identical manufacturing process, so called “physical unclonable function (PUF)”, can potentially create non-identical output (response) under the identical input (challenge) generating unique identification of each electronic devices [1]. In this presentation, we demonstrate the spintronic PUF utilizing bottom-ferromagnet (FM)/nonmagnet/top-FM trilayer structures. Here, bottom and top FMs exhibit in-plane and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, respectively. In these trilayer structures, field-free magnetization switching of top-FM is achieved by out-of-plane polarized spin current injection due to the interfacial spin precession mechanism, and the switching polarity is controlled by the in-plane magnetization direction of bottom-FM [2]. Under the identical demagnetization process of the bottom-FM, distinct magnetic domain distributions are formed on each identical wafer, consisting of a number of Hall-bar devices with random magnetization direction of bottom-FM along the demagnetization axis. These randomly distributed domains of bottom-FM on each wafer are electrically detected through the current-induced field-free spin-orbit torque switching polarity relies on the direction of bottom-FM. Therefore, these spintronic PUF wafers with unique pattern of domain distributions manifests itself as the unique electrical identification which can also be integrated into magnetic random access memory. Furthermore, we also discuss the reconfigurability and reliability of this spintronic PUF, providing great potential to hardware-based security applications because it is compatible with current CMOS technology.

Delayed postpartum regression of theca lutein cysts with maternal virilization: A case report

Sanghwa Kim,Inha Lee,Eunhyang Park,Yeo Jin Rhee,Kyeongmin Kim,Aminah Ibrahim Aljassim,Joo Hyun Park,Jae Hoon Lee,Bo Hyon Yun,Seok Kyo Seo,Sihyun Cho,Young Sik Choi,Byung Seok Lee 대한생식의학회 2021 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.48 No.4

Theca lutein cysts are rare, benign lesions responsible for gross cystic enlargement of both ovaries during pregnancy. This condition is also termed hyperreactio luteinalis. Elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels or states of hCG hypersensitivity seem to promote these changes, which in up to 30% of patients produce clinical signs of hyperandrogenism. Given the self-limiting course of theca lutein cysts, which are subject to spontaneous postpartum resolution, conservative treatment is the mainstay of patient management. Described herein is a rare case of theca lutein cysts with maternal virilization that failed to regress by 9 months after childbirth. Surgical intervention was eventually undertaken, necessitated by adnexal torsion.

The study of a full cycle semi-automated business process re-engineering

Sanghwa Lee(이상화),Riska A. Sutrisnowati,Seokrae Won(원석래),Jong Seong Woo(우종성),Hyerim Bae(배혜림) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2018 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.23 No.11

This paper presents an idea and framework to automate a full cycle business process management and re-engineering by integrating traditional business process management systems, process mining, data mining, machine learning, and simulation. We build our framework on the cloud-based platform such that various data sources can be incorporated. We design our systems to be extensible so that not only beneficial for practitioners of BPM, but also for researchers. Our framework can be used as a test bed for researchers without the complication of system integration. The automation of redesigning phase and selecting a baseline process model for deployment are the two main contributions of this study. In the redesigning phase, we deal with both the analysis of the existing process model and what-if analysis on how to improve the process at the same time, Additionally, improving a business process can be applied in a case by case basis that needs a lot of trial and error and huge data. In selecting the baseline process model, we need to compare many probable routes of business execution and calculate the most efficient one in respect to production cost and execution time. We also discuss the challenges and limitation of the framework, including the systems adoptability, technical difficulties and human factors.

Comparison of the impact of methotrexate sclerotherapy and surgery on the ovarian reserve in ovarian endometrioma patients

( Sanghwa Kim ),( Yoen Ju Lee ),( Hye In Kim ),( Heeyon Kim ),( Bo Hyon Yun ),( Seok Kyo Seo ),( Sihyun Cho ),( Young Sik Choi ),( Byung Seok Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2022 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.108 No.-

Objective: To investigate the impact of laparoscopy assisted methotrexate (MTX) sclerotherapy and laparoscopic cystectomy on the ovarian reserve based on serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) level in ovarian endometrioma patients Methods: From June 2016 to June 2020, 18 patients with ovarian endometrioma underwent laparoscopic cyst aspiration followed by in situ methotrexate injection (Group 1: surgery + MTX sclerotherapy) and 180 patients underwent laparoscopic cystectomy (Group 2: surgery). Using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), comparing the rate of decline of the serum AMH level between the two groups adjusted for the five covariates (preoperative AMH, age, BMI, Total O SIZE (sum of both ovaries size), cyst laterality) was done. Subgroup analyses controlled for age, Total O SIZE and cyst laterality were done. Results: There is no significant difference in the rate of decline of the serum AMH level between the Group 1 and Group 2 adjusted for the covariates (P =0.7366.). But the postoperative reduction of AMH level was comparatively less in Group 1 than Group 2 (Lsmean -33.1151. VS. -38.4669. ). In all the subgroup analysis, there is no significant difference in the percentage change of AMH between Group1 and Group2. But in the bilateral endometrioma group and the below 30 years old group analysis, decline of AMH level was relatively less in MTX sclerotherapy group. Conclusion: Compared with conventional surgical treatment of ovarian endometrioma having a negatively impact on post-operative ovarian reserve, MTX sclerotherapy showed non-inferiority. Especially the patient of bilateral ovarian endometrioma or age below 30 may expect a more favorable outcome in terms of decreased ovarian reserve. For ovarian endometrioma patient who want to get pregnant, MTX sclerotherapy could be better option.

Ergosterol interacts with Sey1p to promote atlastin‐mediated endoplasmic reticulum membrane fusion in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>

Lee, Miriam,Moon, Yeojin,Lee, Sanghwa,Lee, Changwook,Jun, Youngsoo Federation of American Society for Experimental Bi 2019 The FASEB Journal Vol.33 No.3