Effect of Methionine Source and Dietary Crude Protein Level on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Nutrient Retention in Chinese Color-feathered Chicks

Xi, P.B.,Yi, G.F.,Lin, Y.C.,Zheng, C.T.,Jiang, Z.Y.,Vazquez-Anon, M.,Song, G.L.,Knight, C.D. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.6

A total of 1,200 LinNan Chinese color-feathered chicks were used to study the effects of methionine source [DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid (HMTBa) or DL-methionine (DLM)] and dietary crude protein (CP) level on growth performance, carcass traits, and whole-body nitrogen and fat retention. The trial was designed as a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement, including two CP levels (adequate and low) and two methionine sources (HMTBa and DL-methionine). Diets were formulated for three phases, starter (0-21 d), grower (21-42 d), and finisher (42-63 d). Chicks fed HMTBa had higher daily gain and improved feed efficiency than DLM during the grower phase (p<0.05). A significant two-way interaction was observed for growth performance during the finisher phase and overall (0-63 d). Growth performance was greater for chicks fed HMTBa than DLM on adequate-CP diets (p<0.05), but this was not observed at low-CP level (p>0.05). Chicks fed low-CP diets grew slower, used feed less efficiently during the grower, finisher phase and overall. On d 42, regardless of dietary CP levels, birds fed HMTBa had higher carcass weights, breast and thigh weights than DLM-fed birds (p<0.04). Birds fed low-CP diet had lighter carcass weights and less breast muscle, thigh muscle, and dressing percentage at the end of starter, grower and finisher phases (p<0.05). Whole body composition analyses found that birds fed HMTBa tended to contain more protein and less fat compared to those chicks fed DLM at the end of the starter phase (p<0.10). Low-CP diets increased CP concentration in the whole body at the end of the finisher phase (p = 0.05). HMTBa supplementation increased whole-body N retention rate during the finisher phase and overall (p<0.01), and low-CP diets reduced N intake and whole-body fat retention during the finisher phase and overall (p<0.05). In summary, HMTBa was better than DLM on an equimolar basis for growth performance, carcass traits, and N retention in Chinese color-feathered chicks. Low-CP diets lowered growth performance as well as carcass traits in color-feathered birds, probably due to imbalanced AA profiles.

Similar worldwide patterns in the sex pheromone signal and response in the oriental fruit moth, <i>Grapholita molesta</i> (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Knight, A.L.,Barros-Parada, W.,Bosch, D.,Escudero-Colomar, L.A.,Fuentes-Contreras, E.,Herná,ndez-Sá,nchez, J.,Yung, C.,Kim, Y.,Kovanci, O.B.,Levi, A.,Lo, P.,Molinari, F.,Valls, J.,Gemeno, Cambridge University Press 2015 Bulletin of entomological research Vol.105 No.1

<B>Abstract</B><P>The response of <I>Grapholita molesta</I> (Busck) males to three-component sex pheromone blends containing a 100% ratio of the major sex pheromone component, (<I>Z</I>)-8-dodecenyl acetate and a 10% ratio of (<I>Z</I>)-8-dodecenol, but with varying ratios of (<I>E</I>)-8-dodecenyl acetate (0.4, 5.4, 10.4, 30.4, and 100.1% <I>E</I>-blends) was tested with populations in eight stone and pome fruit orchards in Europe, Asia, and North and South America. Traps baited with the 5.4% <I>E</I>-blend caught significantly more males than traps with any other blend with all populations. Significantly more males were caught in traps baited with the 10.4% <I>E</I>-blend than in traps with the remaining blends, except with the 0.4% <I>E-</I>blend in Turkey. Significant differences in male moth catches occurred between the other blends with the 0.4>30.4% <I>E-</I>blend, and the 30.4>100.1% <I>E-</I>blend. Male moth catches with the 100.1% <I>E</I>-blend only differed from the hexane control in Chile. No apparent differences were noted to these blends in populations collected from pome or stone fruits. Flight tunnel assays to synthetic blends with a subset of populations were similar to the field results, but the breadth of the most attractive <I>E-</I>blends was wider. Flight tunnel assays also demonstrated a high level of male-female cross-attraction among field-collected populations. Female gland extracts from field-collected populations did not show any significant variation in their three-component blends. The only exceptions in these assays were that long-term laboratory populations were less responsive and attractive, and produced different blend ratios of the two minor components than recently collected field populations.</P>

The HadGEM2-ES implementation of CMIP5 centennial simulations

Jones, C. D.,Hughes, J. K.,Bellouin, N.,Hardiman, S. C.,Jones, G. S.,Knight, J.,Liddicoat, S.,O&,apos,Connor, F. M.,Andres, R. J.,Bell, C.,Boo, K.-O.,Bozzo, A.,Butchart, N.,Cadule, P.,Corbin, K. D. Copernicus GmbH 2011 Geoscientific model development Vol.4 No.3

<P><p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The scientific understanding of the Earth's climate system, including the central question of how the climate system is likely to respond to human-induced perturbations, is comprehensively captured in GCMs and Earth System Models (ESM). Diagnosing the simulated climate response, and comparing responses across different models, is crucially dependent on transparent assumptions of how the GCM/ESM has been driven - especially because the implementation can involve subjective decisions and may differ between modelling groups performing the same experiment. This paper outlines the climate forcings and setup of the Met Office Hadley Centre ESM, HadGEM2-ES for the CMIP5 set of centennial experiments. We document the prescribed greenhouse gas concentrations, aerosol precursors, stratospheric and tropospheric ozone assumptions, as well as implementation of land-use change and natural forcings for the HadGEM2-ES historical and future experiments following the Representative Concentration Pathways. In addition, we provide details of how HadGEM2-ES ensemble members were initialised from the control run and how the palaeoclimate and AMIP experiments, as well as the 'emission-driven' RCP experiments were performed.</p> </P>

Dynamic behaviour of semi-rigid jointed cold-formed steel hollow frames

G. M. Samuel Knight,P. S. Joanna,A. Rajaraman 국제구조공학회 2006 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.6 No.6

This paper deals with the dynamic behaviour of cold-formed steel hollow frames with different connection stiffnesses. An analytical model of a semi-rigid frame was developed to study the influence of connection stiffnesses on the fundamental frequency and dynamic response of the frames. The flexibilities of the connections are modeled by rotational springs. Neglect of semi-rigidity leads to an artificial stiffening of frames resulting in shorter fundamental period, which in turn results in a significant error in the evaluation of dynamic loads. In the seismic design of structures, of all the principal modes, the fundamental mode of translational vibration is the most critical. Hence, experiments were conducted to study the influence of the connection stiffnesses on the fundamental mode of translational vibration of the steel hollow frames. From the experimental study it was found that the fundamental frequency of the frames lie in the semi-rigid region. From the theoretical investigation it was found that the flexibly connected frames subjected to lateral loads exhibit larger deflection as compared to rigidly connected frames.

Polarimetric Attenuation Correction in Heavy Rain at C Band

Gu, J.-Y.,Ryzhkov, A.,Zhang, P.,Neilley, P.,Knight, M.,Wolf, B.,Lee, D.-I. AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2011 JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY Vol.50 No.1

Multistress Life Models of Epoxy Encapsulated Magnet Wire under High Frequency Pulsating Voltage

S. Grzybowski,E. A. Feilat,P. Knight 대한전기학회 2003 KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics Vol.3C No.1

Multistress Life Models of Epoxy Encapsulated Magnet wire under High Frequency Pulsating Voltage

Grzybowski, S.,Feilat, E.A.,Knight, P. The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2003 KIEE International Transactions on Electrophysics Vol.3C No.1

This paper presents an attempt to develop probabilistic multistress life models to evaluate the lifetime characteristics of epoxy-encapsulated magnet wire with heavy build polyurethane enamel. A set of accelerated life tests were conducted over a wide range of pulsating voltages, temperatures, and frequencies. Samples of fine gauge twisted pairs of the encapsulated magnet wire were tested us-ing a pulse endurance dielectric test system. An electrical-thermal lifetime function was combined with the Weibull distribution of lifetimes. The parameters of the combined Weibull-electrical-thermal model were estimated using maximum likelihood estimation. Likewise, a generalized electrical-thermal-frequency life model was also developed. The parameters of this new model were estimated using multiple linear regression technique. It was found in this paper that lifetime estimates of the two proposed probabilistic multistress life models are good enough. This suggests the suitability of using the general electrical-thermal-frequency model to estimate the lifetime of the encapsulated magnet wire over a wide range of voltages, temperatures and pulsating frequencies.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Brunei Darussalam: A Cross-sectional Study

Sajid Adhi Raja,Vui Heng Chong,Noor A. Rahman,Lilabi M P Shakir,Joe Knights 대한안과학회 2022 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.36 No.1

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the factors associated with retinopathy among type2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in Brunei Darussalam. Methods: Cross-sectional study of all type 2 DM patients who attended diabetic eye screening over a 3-month period at oneof four government hospitals. We assessed association between DR with the following variables: age, sex, glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c), duration of DM, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and microalbuminuria. Results: There were 341 patients (female, 58.9%; mean age, 55.3 ± 11.9 years) with a mean duration of DM of 9.4 ± 7.4 yearsand mean serum HbA1c of 8.4% ± 1.9%. The overall prevalence of any DR was 22.6% (95% confidence interval, 18.8–27.1)with prevalence rates of 4.1% (95% confidence interval, 2.1–6.4) for proliferative DR and 9.7% (95% confidence interval,6.8–13.2) for vision-threatening DR. Multivariate analysis showed that DR was significantly associated with certain age groups(reduced in older age groups), longer duration of DM (11 years or more), poor control (HbA1c >9.0%) and presence of any microalbuminuria. Conclusions: DR affects one in five patients with DM in Brunei Darussalam, comparable to rates reported for other Asianpopulations. It is especially worrying that one in ten patients with DM had vision-threatening DR. DR was significantly associatedwith longer duration of DM, poor control and presence of microalbuminuria but reduced in older age groups. It isimportant to advocate good control right from the time of diagnosis of DM and institute timely and effective management ofretinopathy. DR was significantly associated with longer duration of DM, poor control of diabetes, and presence of microalbuminuriabut reduced in older age groups.