The expression patterns of RANKL and OPG in murine tooth eruption

Hwang, Kyung-Mun,Kim, Eun-Jung,Kim, Hyun-Jung,,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.2

치아의 맹출은 치아기 (dental organ)와 치조골의 세포와 연관된 매우 복잡한 과정이다. 우선 치아 맹출이 일어나기 전에 파골세포가 치낭으로 집결하게 된다. 이러한 치낭의 역할은 파골세포와 조골세포의 상호작용으로 이루어 지는 골개조와 밀접한 관련이 있는데, 이는 치아 맹출과 연관된 많은 유전자들이 치낭에서 발현되기 때문이다. RANKL는 TNF ligand family로써 조골세포에 존재하며 파골세포의 형성 및 전구세포로 부터의 활성화를 유도한다. 이러한 RANKL은 OPG에 의해 그 작용이 억제되며 RANKL와 OPG의 상대적인 비율이 파골세포의 형성에 영향을 미친다. 또한 Runx2유전자의 변이는 조골세포의 분화와 활성에 차질을 가져오고 결국 RANKL/OPG pathway를 통해 파골세포 형성에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 치아의 발육 및 맹출에 미치는 RANKL 및 OPG의 영향을 알아보고 Runx2와의 연관성을 알아보기 위해 in situ hybridization 방법으로 태생 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11일된 쥐의 하악 및 제1대구치를 사용하여 실험을 실시한 결과 RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 mRNA가 태생 1일부터 11일까지 치낭 및 치아주위조직에 특성있게 나타났다. 이중 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 RANKL 및 Runx2는 치아의 교합면측과 하방 치조골 부위의 발현이 강하게 나타난 반면 OPG는 약한 발현을 보였다. 이는 또한 파골세포의 활성부위를 알아보기 위해 TRAP염색을 실시하여 태생 5일에서 9일 사이에 최대의 활성화를 나타낸 결과와 연광성 있게 나타났다. RANKL, OPG, Runx2의 특성있는 발현양상들을 종합해 볼 때, 치아 맹출은 치낭, 치아기, 치조골 사이의 상호 작용을 통해 이루어 지며, 이는 치낭이 치아 맹출에 있어서 매우 중요하다는 것을 의미한다. 또한, 이러한 유전자들 (RANKL, OPG, Runx2) 이 치아의 맹출에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. Tooth eruption is a complex and tightly regulated process that involves cells of the tooth organ and the surrounding alveolus. Osteoclast precursors must be recruited into the dental follicle prior to the onset of eruption. This function of dental follicle may be regarded as the ability of bone remodeling characterized by the interaction of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. This is because tooth eruption is a localized event in which many of the genes required for eruption are expressed in the dental follicle. RANKL is a membrane-bound protein that is a member of the TNF ligand family, which is present on bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, and induces osteoclast formation and activation from precursor cell. The biologic effect of RANKL is inhibited by OPG and, in bone, the relative ratio of RANKL and OPG modulates osteoclastogenesis. To evaluate the roles of RANKL and OPG in tooth eruption and the relations with the expression pattern of Runx2, in situ hybridization was performed with mandibles of mice at postnatal stage 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11. mRNA of RANKL, OPG, and Runx2 are expressed in dental follicle and surrounding tissue from P1 to 11. To determine the sites of osteoclastic activity duing tooth eruption, mandibles were dissected. Peak osteoclastic activity in alveolar bone along the occlusal and basal regions was observed from P5 to 9, with osteoclasts in these regions being large and strongly TRAP-positive. The specific spatic-temporal expression patterns of RANKL, OPG and Runx2 in our study suggest that tooth eruption could be progressed through the interactions of molecular signaling among dental follicle, dental organ and alveolar bone, furthermore it means that dental follicle is quite important in tooth eruption. In addition, it indicates that these genes (RANKL, OPG, and Runx2) play critical roles in tooth eruption.

도.토기의 과학적 분석-경상남도 도요지 출토 토기편을 중심으로

홍종욱,조남철,황진주,문환석,Hong, Jong-Ouk,Cho, Nam-Chul,Hwang, Jin-Ju,Moon, Whan-Suk 국립문화재연구소 2001 保存科學硏究 Vol.22 No.-

The scientific analysis and provenance study of potteries excavated from kiln site at Gyeongsang Nam-do were carried out using XRD, ICP-AES and NAA. We can summary the following Result :1. As a result of XRD analysis, it showed that soft potteries consisted of quartz, feldspar and clay minerals while hard potteries consisted of high temperature crystals such as mullite, tridymite, cristobalite.In case of firing temperature which are determined by XRD, potteries consisted of quartz, feldspar and clay mineral had very low firing temperature. While potteries having only cristobalite ranged above $1200^{\circ}C$.2. As a result of correlation analysis using trace element, the selected characteristic elements which was able to distinguish from each kiln site was Sm, Cs, Sc, Eu, Hf.3. Discriminant analytical showed that each kiln site were classified into 4-gruops;Kimhaeci Daesungdong, Hamangun Myosari, Changyounggun Yochori and one group mixed KimhaeciGuosandong, Kimhaeci Samgyeri. This suggests that there are no correlations between the raw materials used in each kiln sites except Kimhaeci Guosandong, Kimhaeci Samgyeri.

Time-evolving genetic networks reveal a NAC troika that negatively regulates leaf senescence in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Kim, Hyo Jung,Park, Ji-Hwan,Kim, Jingil,Kim, Jung Ju,Hong, Sunghyun,Kim, Jeongsik,Kim, Jin Hee,Woo, Hye Ryun,Hyeon, Changbong,Lim, Pyung Ok,Nam, Hong Gil,Hwang, Daehee National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.21

<▼1><P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Leaf senescence is regulated in a complex manner, involving time-dependent interactions with developmental and environmental signals. Genetic screens have identified key regulators of senescence, particularly late-stage senescence regulators. Recently, time-course gene-expression and network analyses, mostly analyses of static networks, have predicted many senescence regulators. However, senescence is defined by time-evolving networks, involving the temporal transition of interactions among senescence regulators. Here, we present time-evolving networks of NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) transcription factors, central regulators of leaf senescence in <I>Arabidopsis</I>, via time-course gene-expression analysis of NACs in their mutants. These time-evolving networks revealed a unique regulatory module of NACs that controls the timely induction of senescence-promoting processes at a presenescent stage of leaf aging.</P></▼1><▼2><P>Senescence is controlled by time-evolving networks that describe the temporal transition of interactions among senescence regulators. Here, we present time-evolving networks for NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) transcription factors in <I>Arabidopsis</I> during leaf aging. The most evident characteristic of these time-dependent networks was a shift from positive to negative regulation among NACs at a presenescent stage. ANAC017, ANAC082, and ANAC090, referred to as a “NAC troika,” govern the positive-to-negative regulatory shift. Knockout of the NAC troika accelerated senescence and the induction of other <I>NAC</I>s, whereas overexpression of the NAC troika had the opposite effects. Transcriptome and molecular analyses revealed shared suppression of senescence-promoting processes by the NAC troika, including salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses, but with predominant regulation of SA and ROS responses by ANAC090 and ANAC017, respectively. Our time-evolving networks provide a unique regulatory module of presenescent repressors that direct the timely induction of senescence-promoting processes at the presenescent stage of leaf aging.</P></▼2>

한국산 물푸레나무屬 주요 수종의 물리 및 역학적 특성

황원중,권구중,김남훈 한국목재공학회 2002 목재공학 Vol.30 No.2

물푸레나무속 주요 수종의 합리적 이용을 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위해, 물리 및 역학적 특성을 조사하였다. 물푸레나무와 쇠물푸레의 생재함수율은 변 ·심재간 차이가 없었으나, 들메나무 심재분의 생재함수율은 변재부보다 다소 높았다. 들메나무의 생재밀도와 전건밀도는 다른 두 수종에 비해 낮게 나타났고, 쇠물푸레 변재부의 수축 ·팽윤율은 물푸레나무보다 다소 높은 값을 보여주었다. 쇠물푸레의 종압축강도와 종압축탄성계수는 다른 두 수종보다 다소 낮았으며 쇠물푸레 방사 접선단면의 전단강도는 다른 두 수종보다 높게 나타났고, 세 수종 모두 방사단면 전단강도가 접선단면보다 높았다. 세 수종 모두 우수한 휨 특성을 나타냈다. 물푸레나무와 들메나무간에 있어서 충격휨흡수에너지는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. Physical and mechanical properties of major Korean ash species were examined. For Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Fraxinux sieboldiana, green moisture content of sapwood was almost the same value as heartwood. Heartwood of Fraxinus mandshurica, however, had slightly higher moisture content than sapwood. Green and oven dry densities of F. mandshurica were lower than those of F. rhynchophylla and F. sieboldiana. Swelling and shrinkage of sapwood in F. sieboldiana showed somewhat higher valve than those of F. rhynchophylla. Longitudinal compressive strength and modulus of elasticity in F. sieboldiana were lower values than those in the other species. Shearing strength in radial section was higher than that in tangential section of all samples. It could be noted that shearing strength of F. sieboldiana demonstrated higher valve than that of the other species. Three species had excellent bending properties in MOR and MOE. Impact bending absorbed energy for F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica did not show any significant differences.

수출용 축양품종 가지의 염절임 공정의 최적화

남학식,김남우,황성희,윤광섭,신승렬 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2003 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.10 No.3

가지의 수출 경쟁력 향상을 위한 한 방안으로 수출용 가지품종인 축양품종을 염가공품으로 개발하기 위하여 염절임공정을 최적화하였다. 염절임 시간, 절임온도, 염농도를 독립변수로 하고 절임 후 수분함량, 염도, 표면과 내부의 색도 등을 종속변수로 하여, 중심합성계획법으로 실험을 설계하여 최적조건을 얻고자 하였다. 수립된 이차회귀모형으로 예측식을 수립할 수 있었으며 특히 수분함량이나 염도, 표면과 내부의 L과 b 값에 대하여 높은 적합도를 보여 최적조건을 수립하기 위한 제한 변수로 선정하였다. 염농도를 중심점(30%)에서 고정시켜서 얻은 절임시간과 온도는 각각 5.5~6.5일과 13-17℃였으며, 이때의 종속변수의 제한 요건으로는 수분함량 84%이하, 염도 14%이하 표면 L값 10-20, b값 0이하, 내부 L 값은 70-75, b 값이 16-18이었다. This study was conducted to the optimize salting process of eggplant for development new product and enhancement quality for export. Three variables by five level central composite design and response surface methodology were used to determine optimum conditions for salting time, temperature and salt concentration. Optimization of the process was conducted using the combination of the moisture content, salinity and color of surface and inside of salted eggplant. The regression polynomial model was suitable (P>0.05) by Lack-of-Fit analysis with highly significant. To optimize the process, based on surface response and contour plots, the individual contour plots of the response variables were superimposed. The optimum conditions for this process were 6 days and 15℃ at 30% concentration under the optimum of restricted variables as moisture content was below 84%, salinity was below 14%, L and b value of surface were 10 to 20 and below 0, L value and b value of inside were 70 to 75 and 16 to 18.

선행하중 재하시 지반손실 감소효과에 대한 연구

황성일,조남준,윤완식 국민대학교 생산기술연구소 2003 공학기술논문집 Vol.26 No.-

Among various methods for reducing the ground loss, this study introduces the pre-loading method which has been recently developed. Also, the major influence factos concidered fundamentlly in application of the pre-loading method are studied through hypothetical examples. In order to estimate the reduction effect of the ground loss by using the pre-loading method, three types of wall with the same ground conditions and the strut system have been considered. And each type of the walls has been clsssified again into twd categories depending on the rigidity of the temporary walls to invastigate the influence of wall rigidity on the reduction effect of ground loss owing to pre-loading in detail. The variation of underground water level has been evaluated by the seepage analysis. And the soil movement of the ground and axial force of struts in the back site of the excavation have been calculated by analyzing the soil behavior with the consideration of the underground water variation calculated by the seepage analysis. The reduced ground losses related to the magbitude of pre-loads have been determined by varying the pre-loads on the struts.

상관기 진폭 보상에 따른 판별력 조사

황수용,이상이,김남선 서울産業大學校 1996 논문집 Vol.44 No.1

광 JTC는 실시간 상관 시스템에 응용이 가능하다는 장점에 반하여 위상 혹은 진폭성분만을 별도로 처리하기는 어려운 상태에 있었으나, 최근 POC와 POF에 유사한 상관특성을 나타낼수 있는 광 BPEJTC, HPEJTC등이 제안되면서 위상과 진폭이 별도로 처리될 수 있게 되었다. 그러나, 이러한 시스템들은 위상과 진폭이 상관성능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는재 평가하기는 어려운 상태에 있었다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 진폭이나 위상 성분의 비중을 변동시키며 상관성능을 분석 할 수 있는 것으로 ACMF를 기초로 하는 JTC 시스템인 ACJTC를 수학적 해석을 통해 비교분석하였다. ACJTC는 ACMF의 특성상 위상과 진폭 성분의 비중을 가변시킬수 있으므로 잡음 및 유사표적에 대하여 우수한 상관 판벽력을 나타내게 된다. 이러한 특성을 조사하기 위해 자연게 배경에 다중 표적 영상을 주기적으로 배치하고 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션하였으며, 광 JTC를 통한 실시간 상관 시스템의 구현 가능성을 제시하였다. The optical JTC system has the advantage of being applied to the real-time correlation system, but it has some difficulties that is amplitude and phase signals cannot be separately processed. Recently to solve those problems the BPEJTC and HPEJTC systems having the same characteristics of that of the POC and POF have been proposed. But there is no quantitive analysis how much the amplitude and phase signals are contributed to the correlation outputs respectively. In this paper, a ACJTC system based on the conventional ACMF is discussed through the mathematical analysis. The good correlation discrimination of the system is also analyzed by changing the relative contribution of the phase and amplitude signals for some similar targets. From the successful computer simulation results on the scenario where three same targets are periodically located on the nature background, the possibility of the high performance real-time correlation system based on the optical ACJTC is suggested.

韓國貿易의 Factor Content

黃南逸 단국대학교 산업연구소 1988 산업연구 Vol.11 No.-

韓國의 食糧資源의 輸出入現況 및 展望

黃南逸 단국대학교 산업연구소 1984 산업연구 Vol.7 No.-

산불 피해 소나무재의 역학적 특성 및 급속오븐 건조특성

황원중,권구중,박종수,김남훈 한국목재공학회 2003 목재공학 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구에서는 산불 피해 소나무재의 이용을 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 역학적 및 건조 특성을 조사하였다. 산불피해재는 종압축 특성, 전단강도, 충격휨흡수에너지 등에서 건전재와 거의 유사한 결과를 보여주었으며, 산불피해재 변재부의 휨특성은 건전재보다 양호하게 나타났다. 건전재와 산불피해재 변재부의 생재함수율은 산불피해재가 다소 낮았으나, 건조속도는 거의 차이가 없었다. 건조시 발생되는 초기할렬은 건전재가 산불피해재보다 발생율이 높았고, 내부할렬은 건전재와 산불피해재에서 발생되지 않았다. 따라서 산불에 의해 피해를 입은 목재의 대부분은 수피부를 제거하여 이용할 경우 건전재와 거의 동일한 용도로서 사용이 가능할 것으로 생각된다. The Mechanical and drying characteristics of Pinus densiflora wood, which was damaged by forest fire, and sound wood were examined. There were no significant differences in axial compressive properties, shearing strength and impact bending absorbed energy between damaged and sound woods. But the bending properties of damaged wood were slightly higher than those of sound wood. The green moisture content of sapwood in damaged wood was lower than that in sound wood, but oven-drying rate was similar in both woods. Number of initial check in damaged wood was smaller than that in sound wood, and inner check in damaged and sound woods was not observed. Consequently, it is considered that mostly damaged wood by forest fire can be used for wood material after removing the considered that mostly damaged wood by forest fire can be used for wood material after removing the bark.