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文煥晳,趙南哲,洪鍾郁,李命憙 아시아민족조형학회 2001 아시아민족조형학회 국제학술회의 Vol.2001 No.-
The composition analysis of letter pigments written in Buddhistic Fabrics were carried out using scientific instruments such as Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Analyzer (EDXRF) and Micro-area X-ray Diffraction System(MXRD). The analytical results showed that the red pigment was composed mainly of Mercury Sulfide(Cinnabar HgS), partly Lead Oxide(Red Lead Pb304) or Iron Oxide(Hematite Fe203). In case of black pigment, we can not detect the composition of black pigments like as Fe304 or Mn02, therefore it seems to be used the Chinese ink. The green pigment consisted of Copper Chloride Hydroxide[Paratacamite CuClㆍCu(OH)3, or Atacamite CuCl2ㆍ3Cu(OH)2] and the composition identified in the white pigment was Calcium Carbonate(Calcite CaCO3).
문환석,황진주,김선덕,강대일,정기정,정영동,Moon, Whan-Suk,Hwang, Jin-ju,Kim, Sun-Duk,Kang, Dai-Ill,Jung, Ki-Jung,Jung, Young-Dong 국립문화재연구소 1995 保存科學硏究 Vol.16 No.-
Several comparisons of treatment methods for stabilizing corroded Chinese coins at Shin-an marine sites were investigated. In aqueous solution, the seexamination were performed to show whether chloride ions are gradually removed, patination changes are acceptable and archaeological details are identified. The six desalting methods showed that the orders of removal of chloride ions were ranked electrolysis (electolyte : 0.1M sodium sesqui.)> 5% sodium dithionite(1M NaOH)> 5%sodium dithionite(0.1M sesqui.)> 5% citric acid> 0.1M sodium sesquicarbonate>deionized water. As the examinations of moisture absorption to the relative humidity has compared for bronze disease, all of desalted coins for the R.H 53% and R.H 75%except to R.H 95% are showed serious bronze disease.
문환석,황진주,강대일,이명희,Moon, Whan-Suk,Hwang, Jin-Ju,Kang, Dae-Il,Lee, Myong-Hee 국립문화재연구소 2000 保存科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-
Examples for application of cultural properties using Infrared Reflectography System as method of investigation on mural paintings and letters are given. This work is carried out according to asking of examination on inner layer paintings and letters in order to conserve the mural paintings discovered in the course of repairing ancient architectures. It is difficult to find the inner layer paintings and fine decorative line, but we can be observed by using Infrared Reflectography System and thus these results can be used as original rebuilding and drawings of mural paintings. Also building-repairing year, building participant though the investigation of letters written on the roof wood can be known.
고대 벽화안료 재질분석 연구 - 봉정사 대웅전 후불벽화 및 고아동 고분벽화를 중심으로
문환석,홍종욱,황진주,김순관,조남철,Moon, Whan-Suk,Hong, Jong-Ouk,Hwang, Jin-Ju,Kim, Soon-Kwan,Cho, Nam-Chul 국립문화재연구소 2002 문화재 Vol.35 No.-
The composition analysis of mural pigments at Daeungjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa Temple(Treasure No. 55) and ancient tomb with mural pigments in Goadong(Historic site No. 165) were carried out by XRF and MXRD. The analytical result showed that red pigments were Red Lead($Pb_3O_4$), Cinnabar(HgS) at Daeungjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa Temple and Cinnabar(HgS) in Goadong. The main composition identified in white pigments were Lead Carbonate Hydroxide[$PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$]. Green pigments were basic copper chloride[Paratacamite $CuCl{\cdot}Cu(OH)_3$], celadonite[$K(Mg,Fe,Al)_2(Si, Al)_4O_{10}(OH)_2$] at Daeungjeon Hall of Bongjeongsa Temple and were basic copper chloride or basic copper carbonate in Goadong. Therefore it proved that mural pigments painted in use the mineral materials.
유물의 비파괴 조사 연구-청원 미천리 고분 출토 유물을 중심으로
문환석,조남철,김성배,Moon, Whan-Suk,Jo, Nam-Cheol,Kim, Seong-Bae 국립문화재연구소 1999 保存科學硏究 Vol.20 No.-
We performed the non-destructive analysis of objects excavated at the Tomb of Mich’un-ri in Ch’ung-won. We analysed components using of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Micro-Fluorescence Analyzer. Glass bead inlaid with silver was classified as K2O-CaO-SiO2 type of glass. Purity of silver inlaid in the surface was verified above 97%.All small ear-ring were made by rolling up gold broad to a bronze wick. The composition ratio of Au : Ag has significantly higher 87 : 11 than bigear-ring. As a result of composition analysis of a welded part with big ear-ring, it contained the more Cu, Hg contents and the less Au, Ag contents than the surface of big ear-ring.
문환석,조남철,홍종욱,Moon, Whan-Suk,Cho, Nam-Chul,Hong, Jong-Ouk 국립문화재연구소 2001 保存科學硏究 Vol.22 No.-
The replica experiment of golden bell excavated from the East Three-Story Pagoda at the Gamunsa temple was carried out in order to know the handiwork technique of ancient granule. The size of 0.3mm granule was attached to the golden bell which was 3.4mm bell body by soldering. When we tried to attach the granule by a modern metalwork, we could know that this technique was hard to make the replica bell. We could prove how to adhere strongly to the golden granule by tension testing. First of all, we made the soldering of the same composition as the golden bell excavated from the Gamunsa temple and then prepared specimens for testing to measure the tension strength. It showed that the broken position was not a soldering part. This result showed how the ancient granule could maintain without a break for a long time.
문환석,류인숙,Moon, Whan-Suk,You, In-Sook 국립문화재연구소 1998 保存科學硏究 Vol.19 No.-
Three-story Stone Pagoda(East) on Kamǔnsa temple constructed in A.D. 682 during the reign of King Shinmun-wang of the Unified Shilla period(668~935) was repaired by Cultural Properties Office in 1996. At that time, 27 objectsincluding sari case, small Buddha etc. were excavated. The 26 objects on foundation parts have been treated. Several objects were analyzed by EDXRF. As a result, the small Buddha of gilt bronze was proved to be an gold amalgam. The degree of gold purity was about 22K, and the excellence of gold-refining technique of that day was verified.
고대 유리구슬의 재질분석 연구-고성 내산리 출토 유리구슬을 중심으로
문환석,황진주,조남철,홍종욱,Moon, Whan-Suk,Hwang, Jin-Ju,Cho, Nam-Chul,Hong, Jong-Ouk 국립문화재연구소 2000 保存科學硏究 Vol.21 No.-
We performed the scientific analysis through composition analysis, micro-structure investigation, melting point and hardness test to the glass beads excavated at Naesanri in Gosung. Through this investigation, we could examine closely the characterization of raw materials and manufacture technique As a result of micro-structure investigation of glass beads, it appeared that the bubbles in glass beads have remained. Coloring agents of yellow glass bead was remained to the shape of inclusion. And on observing the transparent solid particle, we can know that these do not melt the raw materials because of low melting temperature of a crucible. The result of composition analysis of all glass beads using ICP, these were classified as $Na_2O_2$-$SiO_2$ type of glass. Also, these added to $AI_2O_3$ to improve the durability. The value of Vickers hardness of glass beads appeared the HV 490-530. The HV 1,440 of the transparent solid particle was much more than that of inner glass bead. This means that raw materials do not melt because of a low melting temperature of a crucible. The result of melting temperature analysis of glass beads using DSC/TGA, it was measured about $1,250^{\circ}C$.