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REVIEW : Open Access ; Peste des petits ruminants in Pakistan; past, present and future perspectives
( Muhammad Abubakar ),( Muhammad Irfan ),( Shumaila Manzoor ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2015 한국축산학회지 Vol.57 No.32
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is considered to be one of the main constraints to enhancing the productivity of goats and sheep in regions where it is present and becoming endemic. PPR was recognized in Pakistan in early 1990s but got importance during the Participatory Disease Surveillance (PDS) of Rinderpest Eradication Campaign. Lot of research work has been initiated during last decade towards disease epidemiology, risk factor recognition, laboratory diagnosis, vaccination and demonstration of control strategies. Although there are ongoing projects working towards the progressive control of the disease in country yet there is need to have a national level control program for PPR. Also there is need to have comprehensive social economic surveys, disease hot spot recognition and identification of role of other species in disease transmission. With combined efforts of local and national authorities and political will, there is high likelihood that this devastating disease can be controlled and eventually eradicated in near future.
Muhammad Irfan Siddique,Khin Pa Pa Wai,Hwang-Sung Mo,Hee-Ju Yoo,Kil-Su Jang,Su-Gyeong Jeon,Ji-Eun Hwang,Byung-Soo Kim 한국원예학회 2017 원예과학기술지 Vol.35 No.6
Over the last 25 years, a breeding line of pepper (Capsicum spp.) PVR Subi has been bred by the introduction of the Phytophthora capsici resistance found in pepper line PI201234 and the field resistance to viruses found in pepper accession KC00406 into a small-fruited, earlymaturing, and good-tasting land race, Subicho, in Yeongyang. In 2009, PVR Subi was crossed with a new version of Subi (New Subi) and an accession, KC01522, with mild and good dry fruit quality. This was done to meet growers’ demands for larger-fruited, open-pollinated local cultivars adapted to conditions in the Subi area of Yeongyang. Twenty-nine F5 and 37 F6 lines that developed from the two crosses were evaluated for resistance to P. capsici by pathogen inoculation at the seedling stage. Selected lines were grown to record horticultural characters in F5 and to analyze chemical quality components such as capsaicinoids, sugar and color in F6. Most of the breeding lines carried pathogen resistance comparable with the commercial resistant hybrid control cultivar, ‘Baerota’, and many lines were found to contain higher capsaicinoid and sugar levels, as well as ASTA color value, than the commercial control. All the breeding lines were identified as restorer-of-fertility lines with N(S)RfRf genotype, producing stable male fertile F1 plants in crosses with a cytoplasmic male sterile line (CMS). These breeding lines are promising as basic materials for selection of open-pollinated cultivars adapted to grow in Yeongyang, and as pollen parents for a hybrid seed production system using cytoplasmic male sterility.
Genome Editing of eIF4E1 in Chinese cabbage Confers Resistance to Turnip Mosaic Virus
Muhammad Irfan Siddique,Ye-Rin Lee,Hye-Eun Lee,Eun Su Lee,Koeun Han,Do-Sun Kim 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.10
Many of the recessive virus-resistance genes in plants encode eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs), including eIF4E, eIF4G, and related proteins. Particularly, eIF4E and its isoform eIF(iso)4E are crucial for viral infection and act as recessive resistance genes against various potyviruses in a broad range of plants. In the present study, we used Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/ Cas9)-mediated directed mutagenesis to test whether novel sequence-specific mutations at eIF4E1 in Brassica rapa (Chinese cabbage) cv. ‘Seoul’ could confer enhanced resistance to potyviruses. This approach produced mutations in the transgene-free E1 generation. Sequence analysis of eIF4E1 from E0 transgenic plants expressing Cas9 and eIF4E-sgRNA transcripts identified chimeric mutations (insertions/deletions) ranging from 1 to 8 bp. Genotype analysis of the eIF4E1-edited lines in E0 and E1 transgenic Chinese cabbage plants showed that the mutations were transmitted to subsequent generation. When mutant lines were tested for resistance to potyviruses Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), they exhibited resistance against virus. Further, ELISA confirmation showed no accumulation of viral particles upon infection with (TuMV). The further analysis of mutation heritability in subsequent generations (E2) is going on. These results indicate that site-specific mutation of tomato eIF4E1 successfully conferred enhanced resistance to TuMV. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility of the use of CRISPR/Cas9 approach to accelerate breeding for trait improvement in Chinese cabbage plants.
P2P 시스템에서의 신뢰성 있는 라우팅을 위한 KTree의 설계 및 실험
Muhammad Irfan Yousuf,김수현 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 2013 한국차세대컴퓨팅학회 논문지 Vol.9 No.4
본 논문은 P2P 시스템에서 분산 데이터 저장과 획득을 위한 신뢰성 있는 라우팅 방법인 KTree의 설계와 실험 평가를 다룬다. 많은 노드들이 시스템에 들어오고 나가는 상황에서도 KTree는 효율적인 라우팅을 가능하게 하여 자료 공유를 포함한 다양한 응용에 이상적인 선택이다. KTree에서 각각의 노드는 식별자 공간에 속하는 고유한 식별자를 갖는다. KTree는 식별자 공간을 층과 칸으로 나누고 각 칸마다 관리 노드를 정한다. 질의를 전달하기 위해서 각 노드는 다음 층의 일정한 숫자의 노드들과의 연결을 유지한다. 또한 시스템 전체에 대한 시야 확보를 위해서 각 노드는 꼭대기 층에 있는 노드와의 연결도 유지한다. 이러한 방법으로 KTree는 질의를 목적지까지 보내기 위해서 log(n) 개의 노드를 거치게 된다. 삽입 연산은 데이터를 여러 노드에 저장한다. 검색 연산은 이렇게 저장된 데이터를 효율적이고 안정적으로 되찾는다. PeerSim에 구현한 KTree의 시험적 구현을 통해서 신뢰성과 효율성을 확인할 수 있었다. 50,000 노드의 네트워크를 대상으로 한 실험 결과에서 노드들의 잦은 상태 변경에도 메시지를 잘 전달 할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.
Anti-platelet role of Korean ginseng and ginsenosides in cardiovascular diseases
Irfan, Muhammad,Kim, Minki,Rhee, Man Hee The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.1
Cardiovascular diseases prevail among modern societies and underdeveloped countries, and a high mortality rate has also been reported by the World Health Organization affecting millions of people worldwide. Hyperactive platelets are the major culprits in thrombotic disorders. A group of drugs is available to deal with such platelet-related disorders; however, sometimes, side effects and complications caused by these drugs outweigh their benefits. Ginseng and its nutraceuticals have been reported to reduce the impact of thrombotic conditions and improve cardiovascular health by antiplatelet mechanisms. This review provides (1) a comprehensive insight into the available pharmacological options from ginseng and ginsenosides (saponin and nonsaponin fractions) for platelet-originated cardiovascular disorders; (2) a discussion on the impact of specific functional groups on the modulation of platelet functions and how structural modifications among ginsenosides affect platelet activation, which may further provide a basis for drug design, optimization, and the development of ginsenoside scaffolds as pharmacological antiplatelet agents; (3) an insight into the synergistic effects of ginsenosides on platelet functions; and (4) a perspective on future research and the development of ginseng and ginsenosides as super nutraceuticals.
Morphology of Iron and Agglomeration Behaviour During Reduction of Iron Oxide Fines
Muhammad Irfan Ahadian Barustan,Sung‑Mo Jung 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4
The morphology of iron and agglomeration behaviour in the reduction progress of iron oxide fi nes were investigated interms of isothermal reduction at 800 °C in an atmosphere of CO and H 2 . Agglomeration index was employed to evaluate theagglomeration behaviour during reduction. Sticking and agglomeration occurred regardless of the iron oxides and reducingatmosphere. Reduction by CO showed a higher tendency for sticking due to the formation of iron whiskers. The addition ofCaO and MgO to Fe 2 O 3 in sintering process could improve the reduction, and also decrease the sticking by forming calcio/magnesio-wustite on the surface. Iron whiskers were still formed with the addition of CaO and MgO, and the shape of whiskerswere diff erent from that of pure Fe 2 O 3 . Uniform coating layer on the surface of particles might be one of the importantfactors aff ecting the decrease in sticking between particles.