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Lee, Chulho,Zhuang, Li,Lee, Dongseop,Lee, Seokjae,Lee, In-Mo,Choi, Hangseok Elsevier 2017 Geothermics Vol.67 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effective thermal conductivity of granular materials is widely used in numerous geothermal engineering applications, such as the ground source heat pump (GSHP) system. However, for unsaturated granular materials, it is difficult to predict the thermal conductivity because of the interaction between solid and fluid in media. In this study, the effective thermal conductivity of unsaturated granular materials was measured, reviewed and analysed using a macroscopic pore structure network model with a randomly packed particles. The network model was verified by measured data (soil water characteristics curve, thermal conductivity and etc.) of three different glass beads and also Jumunjin sand (standard sand of South Korea). Upon the series of laboratory experiments, some modification to the existing network model were introduced, such as the use of soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) applied to modelling the thermal conductivity of granular materials. In addition, an empirical correlation between the fraction of the mean radius (χ) and the thermal conductivity at a given saturated condition was developed through comparison with the test results. In the range of lower degree of saturation (5%–20%), the modified network model shows relatively higher thermal conductivity than the laboratory measurements. However, for the higher degree of saturation (>40%), it shows a similar tendency to the laboratory measurements.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effective thermal conductivity of granular material at the unsaturated condition is evaluated using the network model. </LI> <LI> A modified fraction of the mean radius is introduced in the modified network model. </LI> <LI> The modified network model estimates the effective thermal conductivity of porous media in all range of the degree of saturation. </LI> </UL> </P>
MinSoo Byun,Dahyun Yi,JunHo Lee,YoungMin Choe,BoKyung Sohn,JunYoung Lee,HyoJung Choi,Hyewon Baek,YuKyeong Kim,YunSang Lee,ChulHo Sohn,Inhee MookJung,Murim Choi,YuJin Lee,DongWoo Lee,SeungHo Ryu,ShinGy 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.6
Objective-The Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer’s disease (KBASE) aimed to recruit 650 individuals, aged from 20 to 90 years, to search for new biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and to investigate how multi-faceted lifetime experiences and bodily changes contribute to the brain changes or brain pathologies related to the AD process. Methods-All participants received comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological evaluations, multi-modal brain imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance angiography, [11C]Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography (PET), and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, blood and genetic marker analyses at baseline, and a subset of participants underwent actigraph monitoring and completed a sleep diary. Participants are to be followed annually with clinical and neuropsychological assessments, and biannually with the full KBASE assessment, including neuroimaging and laboratory tests. Results-As of March 2017, in total, 758 individuals had volunteered for this study. Among them, in total, 591 participants-291 cognitively normal (CN) old-aged individuals, 74 CN young- and middle-aged individuals, 139 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 87 individuals with AD dementia (ADD)-were enrolled at baseline, after excluding 162 individuals. A subset of participants (n=275) underwent actigraph monitoring. Conclusion-The KBASE cohort is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study that recruited participants with a wide age range and a wide distribution of cognitive status (CN, MCI, and ADD) and it has several strengths in its design and methodologies. Details of the recruitment, study methodology, and baseline sample characteristics are described in this paper.
Lee, Minji,Kim, Jong Hyun,Yoon, Ina,Lee, Chulho,Fallahi Sichani, Mohammad,Kang, Jong Soon,Kang, Jeonghyun,Guo, Min,Lee, Kang Young,Han, Gyoonhee,Kim, Sunghoon,Han, Jung Min National Academy of Sciences 2018 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.115 No.23
<P>A protein synthesis enzyme, leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LRS), serves as a leucine sensor for the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which is a central effector for protein synthesis, metabolism, autophagy, and cell growth. However, its significance in mTORC1 signaling and cancer growth and its functional relationship with other suggested leucine signal mediators are not well-understood. Here we show the kinetics of the Rag GTPase cycle during leucine signaling and that LRS serves as an initiating 'ON' switch via GTP hydrolysis of RagD that drives the entire Rag GTPase cycle, whereas Sestrin2 functions as an 'OFF' switch by controlling GTP hydrolysis of RagB in the Rag GTPase-mTORC1 axis. The LRS-RagD axis showed a positive correlation with mTORC1 activity in cancer tissues and cells. The GTP-GDP cycle of the RagD-RagB pair, rather than the RagC-RagA pair, is critical for leucine-induced mTORC1 activation. The active RagD-RagB pair can overcome the absence of the RagC-RagA pair, but the opposite is not the case. This work suggests that the GTPase cycle of RagD-RagB coordinated by LRS and Sestrin2 is critical for controlling mTORC1 activation, and thus will extend the current understanding of the amino acidsensing mechanism.</P>
To Parady a Parody : Marvell's "Upon Appleton House"
Lee, Chulho 한국중앙영어영문학회 2003 영어영문학연구 Vol.45 No.2
영국 역사상 정치, 사회적으로 급격한 전환기였던 17세기를 살았던 마아블의 시를 이해하기 위해서는 그 당시의 정치 문맥을 고찰함이 필요하다. 비록 “애플턴 저택”이 서정시로 쓰였을지라도 행간에는 당시의 정치상황이 상당히 풍자되어 있다. 즉 이 시는 “호라티우스 풍의 부”처럼 분열된 사회의 서정시인의 정치적 입장을 간접적으로 표현한다. 그 중 대표적인 것이 대상에 대한 아이러니컬한 애증이며, 이를 위해서 마아블은 당시에 유행한 시의 전통을 패러디하여 그 속에서 권장되는 기존의 사회질서를 함께 전복하려는 급진파들의 시도의 위험성을 조롱하지만 역사의 대세는 인정한다. 마아블은 존슨의 “펜써스트 저택”에서 시작된 “시골의 지주저택을 소재로 한 시”(Country-House Poem)의 전통을 대체적으로 이어받으면서도 세부적으로는 상당한 각색을 가미한다. 존슨 시의 양식의 저변에는 후원자와 그의 저택에 대한 직접적인 칭찬, 은퇴생활의 즐거움, 중용의 미덕, 전원의 소박한 안락함 등이 주조를 이루었는데, 엄청난 사회적 변혁에 직접 참여했던 마아블로서는 이런 가치들을 한편으로는 동경하면서도 또 한편으로는 그대로 받아들이기는 어려웠기 때문이다. 표면적으로 보면 “애플턴 저택”이 의회군의 지도자로 활약하다 스코틀랜드 침공에 반대하여 은퇴한 페어팩스 장군의 요오크셔 저택의 아름다움과 그의 딸 메어리의 미덕을 찬양하기 때문에 시골 지주의 저택을 소재로 한 시에 속한다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 실제로 자세히 분석해 보면, 마아블은 혁명의 소용돌이를 틈타서 귀족의 농지 소유권을 모든 평민들에게 돌려주어야 한다고 주장하는 급진적 청교도들(True Levellers)과 극단으로 치우치는 혁명의 위험성을 경고하는 페어팩스 장군 사이에서 심정적으로는 후자 쪽에 치우치면서도 확고한 의지 표명은 행간에 숨기고 있다. 요컨대, 타락 이전의 이상적 전원의 복구를 희구하여 시골 저택을 노래한 시들을 위협하는 급진파들의 전통적 가치의 전도에 대해서는 또 다른 패러디로 조롱하여 문학의 전통을 지키는 한편, 돌이킬 수 없는 현실 역사의 흐름을 인정하고 타협할 수밖에 없는 시인의 내면 갈등을 페어팩스의 정치적 결단력 부족에 대한 은근한 패러디로 함께 보여준다.
Numerical approach to assessing the contact characteristics of a polymer-based waterproof membrane
Lee, Kicheol,Kim, Dongwook,Chang, Soo-Ho,Choi, Soon-Wook,Park, Byungkwan,Lee, Chulho Elsevier 2018 Tunnelling and underground space technology Vol.79 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A waterproof membrane sprayed onto concrete enables faster construction compared with a conventional sheet membrane. The sprayed raw material, which is polymer mixed with water, becomes completely continuous waterproof thin membrane after a certain curing time. Such membranes have not been widely used in East Asia due to less confidence of their performance and limited applications despite of their outstanding structural properties and many projects in Europe, especially in the UK (at least 6 projects), which include higher cohesion at the interface and higher tensile strength. This study evaluates the material and contact properties of a waterproof membrane based on the results from laboratory experiments and numerical analyses. Interface properties of the waterproof membrane were calibrated from results of the linear block-support test proposed by European Federation of National Associations Representing for Concrete (EFNARC). A numerical model for simulating three-point bending tests was then developed and used to examine structural effects of the membrane. In results of numerical analysis, the contact conditions between the lining and the membrane had little effect in elastic behaviors, but tensile behavior of concrete lining had a relatively large effect.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Material property of sprayed waterproof membrane was experimentally and numerically evaluated. </LI> <LI> Interfacial property of sprayed waterproof membrane was assessed from linear block test results. </LI> <LI> Structural effects of sprayed waterproof membrane on concrete lining were analyzed. </LI> <LI> Interface property was well represented by cohesive contact model and damage criterion. </LI> <LI> Significant sprayed waterproof membrane effect on tensile behavior of lining was identified. </LI> </UL> </P>