Critical Impact Energy for Spalling, Tunnelling and Penetration of Concrete Slab impacted with Hard Projectile

Qadir Bux alias Imran Latif,Ismail Abdul Rahman,Ahmad Mujahid Ahmad Zaidi,Kamran Latif 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.1

Penetration is the basic element of designing protective concrete structure against the local impact damage of hard missile. Impactenergy is the dominant cause of damage in moving accidents. When hard projectile collides with concrete target, it is the impactenergy of the projectile that makes concrete target to deform. Therefore, it is vital to study critical impact energy required to causespenetration. An analytical model is developed to predict the required critical impact energy for maximum penetration without reareffects in concrete slabs when it is impacted with hard projectile. The nose shape factor Ni also has been introduced with inclusion ofempirical friction factor Nf, as modification in Chen & Li nose shape factor for ogive nose hard projectile. The newly developedanalytical model and nose shape factor Ni is examined for CRH = 2.0, CRH = 3.0, and CRH = 4.25. It was found that the predictedresults from analytical model with nose shape Ni are in close relation with experimental data in all cases as compared to predictedresults with traditional Li and Chen nose shape N*. In, General, the analytical model generates encouraging prediction which isconsistent and follows a general trend of experimental results.

Being a Khaddama: Narratives of home, belonging and identity for women domestic workers in the Gulf

LATIF Amal,BOSE Chandan 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2023 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.29 No.2

With minimal access to legal protections, support, and exploitative conditions, Malayali women domestic workers in the Gulf struggle to forge meaningful connections and a sense of home in the UAE. This study aims to understand the experiences and perspectives of Malayali women, with a specific focus on the ways in which their idea of home and belonging are shaped by factors such as identity, diaspora, gender, and motherhood. The work also intends to comprehend how a sense of belonging helps the women to navigate through the sense of grief, guilt, and shame. Through their narratives, the article exposes how the migration of Malayali women domestic workers entail losing belonging, occupying liminal spaces, and relinquishing home.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the energy harvesting flexible flag in the wake of a bluff body

Latif, Usman,Abdullah, Chaudary,Uddin, Emad,Younis, M. Yamin,Sajid, Muhamad,Shah, Samiur Rehman,Mubasha, Aamir Techno-Press 2018 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.26 No.5

Inspired by the energy harvesting eel, a flexible flag behind a D-shape cylinder in a uniform viscous flow was simulated by using the immersed boundary method (IBM) along with low-speed wind tunnel experimentation. The flag in the wake of the cylinder was strongly influenced by the vortices shed from the upstream cylinder under the vortex-vortex and vortex-body interactions. Geometric and flow parameters were optimized for the flexible flag subjected to passive flapping. The influence of length and bending coefficient of the flexible flag, the diameters (D) of the cylinder and the streamwise spacing between the cylinder and the flag, on the energy generation was examined. Constructive and destructive vortex interaction modes, unidirectional and bidirectional bending and the different flapping frequency were found which explained the variations in the energy of the downstream flag. Voltage output and flapping behavior of the flag were also observed experimentally to find a more direct relationship between the bending of the flag and its power generation.

Determinants of Economic Development in the Former Soviet Union and Central Eastern European Countries

Latif Khalilov,Chae-Deug Yi 한국무역연구원 2018 무역연구 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this paper is to find factors which affect economic development in former Soviet Union countries and Central Eastern European countries. This paper uses cross-countrydata for 18 countries from 1999 to 2014. As a measure of development, GDP per capita has been taken, and the GDP per capita is expected to rise under the effect of improvements in economic freedom, a high tertiary enrollment ratio, enhancement of trade, high expenses in research and development, low level government consumption, and low fertility rates. However, the effect of these factors on economic development depends on other factors in the economy. More weight is given to the role of institutions. Economic freedom has been chosen as a proxy of institutions. This study has found that improvements in economic freedom, high tertiary enrollment, and high expenses in research and development are significant for the growth of both groups of countries. Trade and government consumption have been found to be significant for one group, while not significant for another group. Fertility does not show an effect on growth in both groups.

Development of Hybrid Composites with Improved Mechanical and Self-healing Properties

Latif, Muhammad,Kumar, C. Naga,Prabhakar, M.N.,Song, Jung-il 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.2

Industrial Internet of Things Based Efficient and Reliable Data Dissemination Solution for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Latif, Shahid,Mahfooz, Saeed,Ahmad, Naveed,Jan, Bilal,Farman, Haleem,Khan, Murad,Han, Kijun WILEY INTERSCIENCE 2018 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND MOBILE COMPUTING Vol.2018 No.-

<P>Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the other name of industrial Internet. It integrates a variety of existing industrial automation technologies with computing, machine learning, and communication technologies. Vehicular ad hoc network, an application of IIoT, is a self-organized network of vehicles which tends to provide improved road safety, diminished traffic congestion, and ultimate comfort to the travellers. In VANETs, vehicles exchange data with each other directly or through roadside units (RSUs). Data dissemination in VANETs experiences numerous challenging issues including broadcast storm, network partitions, intermittent connectivity between vehicles, and limited bandwidth. In literature, various data dissemination schemes are proposed. However, most of these schemes are designed for either urban or highway VANET scenarios and evaluated under sparse or dense traffic conditions. Moreover, these schemes do not effectively overcome the aforementioned issues simultaneously. In this paper, we present a new data dissemination protocol for VANETs, which disseminates the emergency messages in different scenarios under varying traffic conditions. During dense traffic conditions, DDP4V employs the segmentation of transmission region of a vehicle in order to select the most appropriate next forwarding vehicle (NFV). Accordingly, it divides the transmission region of a vehicle in three distinct segments and selects vehicle(s) inside the highest priority segment to forward the message to all neighbour vehicles, whereas it also uses implicit acknowledgements for guaranteed message delivery during sparse traffic Conditions. Simulation results show that DDP4V protocol outperforms the other existing related protocols in terms of coverage, network overhead, collision, and end-to-end delay.</P>

Federated Learning for Cellular Networks: Joint User Association and Resource Allocation

Latif U. Khan,Umer Majeed,Choong Seon Hong 한국통신학회 2020 한국통신학회 APNOMS Vol.2020 No.09

Recent years have shown a remarkable interest in federated learning from researchers to make several Internet of Things applications smart. Although, federated learning offers users’ privacy preservation, it has communication resources optimization challenge. In this paper, we consider federated learning for cellular networks. We formulate an optimization problem to jointly minimizes latency and effect of loss in federated learning model accuracy due to channel uncertainties. We decompose the main optimization problem into two sub-problems: resource allocation and device association sub-problems, due to the NP-hard nature of the main optimization problem. To solve these sub-problems, we propose an iterative approach which further uses efficient heuristic algorithms for resource blocks allocation and device association. Finally, we provide numerical results for the validation of our proposed scheme.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Tetrapeptide Ketones as Reversible 20S Proteasome Inhibitors

Latif, Muhammad,Jung, Myoung Eun,Lee, Kwangho,Choi, Gildon Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.12

Proteasome, a multicatalytic protease complex, has been validated as a promising therapeutic target in oncology. Carfilzomib (Kyprolis$^{(R)}$), a tetrapeptide epoxyketone, irreversibly inhibits the chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) activity of the proteasome and has been recently approved for multiple myeloma treatment by FDA. A chemistry effort was initiated to discover the compounds that are reversibly inhibit the proteasome by replacing the epoxyketone moiety of carfilzomib with a variety of ketones as reversible and covalent warheads at the C-terminus. The newly synthesized compounds exhibited significant inhibitory activity against CT-L activity of the human 20S proteasome. When the compounds were tested for cancer cell viability, 14-8 was found to be most potent in inhibiting Molt-4 acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line with a $GI_{50}$ of $4.4{\mu}M$. Cytotoxic effects of 14-8 were further evaluated by cell cycle analysis and Western blotting, demonstrating activation of apoptotic pathways.

Neuro-Evolution Assisted Wireless Sensor Network Data Reconstruction

Latif U. Khan,Saeed Ullah,Choong Seon Hong 한국정보과학회 2018 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2018 No.6

Vertebral Endplate Changes Correlate with Presence of Cartilaginous Endplate in the Herniated Disc Tissue: Factor Predicting Failure of Conservative Treatment

Latif Rabia,Imran Sumera,Ahmad Ijaz,Ilyas Muhammad Saad,Aziz Amer,Zehra Uruj 대한척추외과학회 2022 Asian Spine Journal Vol.16 No.2

Study Design: Cross-sectional comparative. Purpose: To characterize the scores of disc degeneration, inflammation, and nerve density in herniated disc samples and associate findings with the presence of vertebral endplate (VEP) changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Overview of Literature: Considering the role of disc composition in spontaneous regression and persistence of pain during conservative management, it is important to identify the influencing factors. VEP changes are highly associated with disc degeneration, but their correlation with herniated disc composition has not yet been reported. Methods: Fifty-one discs were obtained from patients undergoing surgery for herniated disc. Their ages ranged from 19-65 years, and 31/51 were male. Pre-surgical T1 and T2 weighted lumbar-spine MRIs were analyzed to observe Pfirrmann grade, VEP defects, herniation type, Modic changes, and high-intensity zones (HIZ) at the affected level. Five-micron thick sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue periodic acid–Schiff stain; examined for histological degeneration scores (HDS; 0–15), inflammation (0 [absence]–3 [severe]), and presence of cartilaginous endplate (CEP). Three-micron thick sections were stained with protein-gene-product 9.5 and expression was counted/mm2. Data was analyzed, and p<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: VEP defects, Modic changes, and HIZ were respectively observed in 30/51, 16/51, and 6/51 of the samples. CEP was observed in 26/51 samples and in 23/51 with endplate defects. Discs with adjacent VEP defects showed increased HDS (p<0.001) and inflammation (p<0.001). Discs with adjacent Modic changes also revealed increased HDS (p=0.01). Histological sections with CEP showed increased HDS (p<0.001) and inflammation (p<0.001), and nerve density was significantly positively correlated with HDS (r=0.27, p=0.02). Conclusions: VEP changes can modulate degeneration and inflammation of herniated discs. Presence of these changes is highly predictive of the occurrence of CEP in herniated discs, which leads to slow resorption and persistent clinical symptoms.